Psychologie Francaise最新文献

Introduction

The ADHD disorder has important consequences on the child's adjustment, but also on family life. Parents are usually involved during the diagnosis process and should be actively involved in the treatment that will follow. However, their representations of the disorder and their experience as parents in the face of the disorder are still poorly documented, especially in the French-speaking context.

Objective

The goal of this study is to explore the parents’ views about the etiology of ADHD and the medication, as well as their experiences of the consequences of the disorder on the family, school problems and social relations.

Method

An ad hoc questionnaire assessing the consequences of ADHD in a child was completed online by 128 parents of children between the ages of 5 and 18.

Results

Parents mostly agree with the neurodevelopmental origin of the disorder, conception that is related to the use of psycho-stimulants by the child. The majority were satisfied with the effects of the medication, but a significant proportion felt that the efficacy was poor and almost half felt that the side effects were too strong. The experiences of many parents reveal their exhaustion, their worries about their child's health and their own health, as well as the repercussions on their relationship and professional life.

Conclusion

This study confirms that the difficulties of families with a child and an adolescent with ADHD should be taken into account in the clinical investigation and in treatment strategies. The results confirm the important place that parental support should take in intervention strategies, including work on co-parenting and involving siblings.

Introduction

The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) is one of the most commonly used scales for measuring psychopathic traits from childhood to adulthood.

Objective

The aim of the current research was to scrutinize the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version (YPI-S) translated into French.

Method

The factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of YPI-S scores were examined in a sample of 757 emerging adults from the general population in France (aged 18–20 years; 54.43% women).

Results

Results of confirmatory factor analyses support the proposed 3-factor structure (observed in children and adolescents) among both men and women. The YPI-S total score and the 3 factor (Grandiose-Manipulative, Callous-Unemotional, and Impulsive-Irresponsible) scores were internally consistent. Correlations with external criterion variables of interest, including the Dark Triad construct and its components (psychopathy, machiavellianism and narcissism), reactive and proactive aggression, and delinquency, support the convergent validity of the interpretation of YPI-S scores. Finally, findings also suggest that YPI-S works consistently for both men and women.

Conclusion

In addition to demonstrating the psychometric qualities of the French version of the YPI-S, this research provides further evidences for the value of this brief and time-effective self-report instrument in the study of psychopathic traits across different developmental phases, and especially during the transition to adulthood.

Aims

The aim of this pilot comparative study was to compare the efficacy and the processes of two third wave psychotherapy interventions (a Mindfulness Based Intervention and a Positive Psychology Intervention) in the reduction of moderate to severe depression.

Methods

Twenty-seven patients (mean age = 44 years old) suffering from moderate to severe depression were recruited in a psychiatric clinic in the South-Est of France. They were randomized to either a Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI; n = 10) or a Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI; n = 12) and compared to a Treatment As Usual (TAU; n = 5) group who benefited from psychoeducational and classical cognitive behavioral emotion regulation workshops. The interventions were based on existing validated mindfulness and positive psychology interventions (MBCT and CARE). Participants completed questionnaires before (T1), after (T2) and one month after the intervention (T3). These questionnaires measured depressive symptoms, hopelessness, well-being, authentic-sustainable happiness, psychological flexibility, procrastination, and attention orientation towards the positive aspects of life. These data were completed by qualitative data collected through semi-directed interviews at T2 in order to assess to what extent each participant had found the intervention useful and adapted to their needs. These interviews also assessed how much participants expressed motivation to continue the practices learnt.

Results

Participants showed reduced depressive symptoms and hopelessness, enhanced well-being, authentic-sustainable happiness, psychological flexibility, and attention orientation towards positive aspects of life at T2 in both interventions, which were maintained at T3. Procrastination significantly decreased at T2 only for the PPI group. The TAU control group only showed a significant increase in well-being at T2. The results from the semi-directed interviews underlined that the patients perceived the interventions as useful in terms of increased openness and self-kindness (MBI) as well as altruistic attitudes (PPI).

Conclusion

Although the interventions are distinct, the effects appear to be similar in terms of efficacy and mechanisms of action, apart from a greater behavioral activation in the PPI intervention. The mindfulness based intervention group intervention and the positive psychology group intervention carried out in this study appeared to be adapted to the patients and mostly positive psychology practices were reported to be easily used outside the sessions.

Introduction

Research in positive psychology suggests that certain psychotherapy practices yield substantial clinical benefits, but it is not always clear to clinicians which practices to prioritize or how to integrate them into psychotherapy.

Goal

This research aims to identify and explain, for clinicians, certain clinical practices to be integrated into psychotherapeutic practice.

Method

Eight professionals (including: professor-researchers, psychologists, and doctoral students) gathered during six two-hour meetings to identify, classify, and describe how the results of recent research could inform interventions with clients. These conclusions were subsequently specified and developed via a more in-depth comparison with the literature.

Results

We describe eight practices: (1) Also assess what is going well with clients (2) Foster their self-determined motivation; (3) Highlight their strengths and skills; (4) Highlight their resilience; (5) Promote self-compassion and loving-kindness; (6) Foster support and social cohesion through gratitude and compassion; (7) Foster the development of a growth mindset; and (8) Integrate, as a therapist, those same principles that promote psychological well-being.

Conclusion

Clinicians and their clients would benefit from promoting these practices in psychotherapy.

A symposium organised in 2012 by the F.P.S Public Health, entitled “General practitioners and psychotherapists: health collaborators?” highlighted a desire for collaboration between general practitioners and psychologists, without being able to define the content or methods. Definitions of collaboration remain very vague and variable. The Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaboration defines collaboration as a practice in which health professionals work with other health professionals, the patient and his/her family. We could also define interprofessional collaboration as a system and practice of communication between different health professionals working together on the basis of common action. Thus collaboration cannot be dissociated from these actors, nor from its form, nor from its objective. The latter must be defined in terms of means, public health and population. Collaboration between general practitioners and psychologists is still at the draft stage in terms of operationality: the various studies do not allow us to bring an operational dimension to collaboration by answering the following five questions: Who are the actors of the collaboration? Why do they collaborate? How does the collaboration take place? Who is the beneficiary? And for what purpose(s) do they collaborate?

Introduction

The lack of an efficient and ecological tool to assess the development of young students in the French-speaking areas has led to considering the adaptation of Feelings about School (FAS: Valeski & Stipek, 2001) and its enrichment within the French scale of Feelings at School (SSE). This scale is founded on the theory of self-systemic processes, namely on students basic psychological needs’ satisfaction: feeling competent, autonomous and in relation. The FAS distinguishes four dimensions of the schoolchild's experience: his relationship with his teacher (F1), his literacy skills (F2), his overall apprehensiveness of school (F3) and his mathematical skills (F4).

Objectives

Our validation of the internal consistency of the SSE with 494 children fulfills three objectives: to ensure the reliability of our translation of the FAS, to test its validity on a cohort including older individuals (6 to 11 years old) in an enriched version, capturing the artistic component.

Method

An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) and an ANOVA were conducted with the collected data.

Results

The EFA revealed the five expected factors (i.e., the four original FAS factors and the additional factor on art skills). The CFA then confirmed the reliability of the SSE. The ANOVA revealed a lower score at the SSE for older students (i.e., fifth graders).

Discussion

Promising for applicability, this validated and enriched French tool is intended to be used in scientific research, or in clinical practice, notably by educational psychologists, in order to apprehend the multiple facets of the development of schoolchildren.

Climate change is one of the most important threats of the 21st century because of its social, economic and health consequences. From a psychological point of view, it is also a source of anxiety. The concept of eco-anxiety as it's known, is relatively recent and requires some clarification. In order to explore this phenomenon, a qualitative study was conducted with 18 participants aged between 19 and 48 years old. They participated in individual semi-directive interviews or focus groups, that were subject to a thematic content analysis. These analyses made it possible to highlight a construct comprised of a variety of symptoms that can be divided into six dimensions. Three dimensions that were already mentioned in the literature were highlighted: negative moods and cognitions related to the anticipation of the effects of climate change, anxiety and somatic manifestations. In addition, three new dimensions emerged from the interviews: questioning one's life choices, an intense stress experienced at the mention of the climate crisis and an evaluation of relationships with others towards isolation and more selective relationships. The psychopathological consequences of ecoanxiety, characterized by an exacerbation of some of the symptomatic dimensions identified in this research, could manifest itself especially in individuals who do not have sufficient resources to implement effective stress coping strategies. Therefore, treatment should focus on stress management (promote using different coping strategies), cognitive-emotion regulation (identifying dysfunctional thoughts and supporting values).

Introduction

North Africans immigrants in France are devalued and discriminated. Research suggests that the acculturation strategy they adopt impacts the way they are perceived on the stereotype content model's warmth and competence dimensions and the emotions and behavioral intentions they elicit (BIAS map model).

Objective

Considering that the warmth dimension consists of two sub-dimensions — sociability and morality — the present study explores how perceived morality influences the BIAS map's predictions as a function of perceptions of acculturation.

Method

We randomly assigned 343 participants to one of four groups. Participants in each group read extracts from an interview with a male North African immigrant who expressed one of four acculturation strategies (integrationist, assimilationist, separationist, marginalist). They then expressed their perceptions of the immigrant (stereotypes) and the emotions and behavioral intentions he inspired.

Results

As hypothesized, the assimilationist target was attributed more sociability than the separationist and marginalist targets and less morality than the integrationist and separationist targets. Unexpectedly, participants expressed strong active facilitating behavioral intentions (help and protect) both toward the least moral target (assimilationist) and toward the most moral targets (integrationist and separationist).

Conclusion

First, considering morality in addition to sociability and competence can enrich the BIAS map model's predictive capability. Second, although host populations may perceive assimilationist and separationist acculturation strategies as differing in terms of morality, these different perceptions may lead to similar helping and protection behavioral intentions. Some explanations are suggested.

Introduction

Few studies in France have examined the impact of acculturation strategies chosen by immigrants on intra-group relations. However, facing rejection from one's peers or evolving in a different way in the host country can be as important as being accepted by the majority. This study aims to address this deficit by investigating immigrants’ acculturation preferences, social judgements and social approval towards a target of the same origin according to its acculturation profile.

Method

In two studies of Malagasy (n = 111) and Maghrebi (n = 106) immigrants, participants were presented with a fictional portrait of a Malagasy or Maghrebi immigrant adopting an assimilation or separation strategy. Participants were asked to report their evaluation of the target (competence, sociability, morality) and their approval of the target. Their own inclination towards acculturation strategies was measured.

Results

Assimilationist targets are perceived as more competent (study 1) and more sociable (studies 1 and 2) than separatist targets. Malagasy participants were more likely to perceive the assimilationist target as less moral when they were inclined to separatism. North African participants perceive the assimilationist target as more moral when they themselves prefer assimilation. Both samples approve of the target's assimilation strategy more if they themselves are inclined toward it.

Conclusion

The results revealed that participants’ preference for different acculturation strategies could increase their perceptions of the target's morality and their approval of his/her acculturation strategy, especially when there was congruence of the target's acculturation with that of the participants.

Introduction

Popular education is an educational method based on the education of the people by the people and for the people, with the objective of improving the social system and achieving individual and collective development. Scouting's mission is to contribute to building a better world by training committed citizens, aware of the problems of their society and committed to solving them. This type of commitment takes time and energy and can lead to the development of a passion. Passion is one of the predictors of self-compassion, and self-compassion may be linked to another construct: the toxic-handlers.

Objective

To test self-compassion level by toxic-handlers, the links between toxic-handlers and passion in volunteering and to analyze the impacts on the perceived health of volunteers and the development of different toxic-handler profiles.

Method

This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 381 volunteers in scouting and popular education. The questionnaire was completed online by the participants via LimeSurvey.

Result

The concept of toxic-handler appears to be independent of the dualistic model of passion. In contrast, significant differences were found between the toxic-handler profile developed and depression, self-compassion, coping strategies, emotional balance, and some dimensions of burnout.

Conclusion

Volunteers are observable and analyzable through the prism of toxic-handling. Self-compassion would seem to be one of the explanatory factors of the profile that individuals develop. New diagnostic and support tools must be developed.