Psychologie Francaise最新文献

Introduction

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion

Introduction

Literature findings

Discussion

Conclusion

Introduction

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Introduction

With the ubiquitous and often unavoidable use of websites, it is necessary that they present the best possible usability to satisfy users. The Design-Oriented Evaluation of Perceived Usability (DEEP) questionnaire, comprising 19 items, assesses perceived usability on the basis of six genotypic criteria: content, structure and information architecture, navigation, cognitive effort, layout consistency, and visual guidance. After completing the DEEP, designers are then able to identify the main factors of the website that cause problems.

Objective

The aim of this study was to propose a cross-cultural adaptation of the DEEP in French and to evaluate its psychometric qualities.

Method

Four hundred and seventy users completed an online survey to give their opinion on the Onisep.fr website. The survey included the French translation of the DEEP (F-DEEP) and the Net Promoter Score questionnaire. A principal component analysis (PCA) with oblimin rotation, an internal consistency analysis, several confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and a convergent validity study between the F-DEEP and the NPS were conducted.

Results

The PCA suggests a 6-factor structure, which partly corresponds to the 6 factors of the original questionnaire. The internal consistency is very satisfactory, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.944 and a McDonalds omega of 0.945. The CFA with the most satisfactory fit indices corresponds to the first-order model including the 6 factors of the F-DEEP. All the correlations calculated between the F-DEEP factors and the NPS are positive and highly significant.

Conclusion

The F-DEEP has very good psychometric qualities, which means that it can be used by researchers and professionals in the field of ergonomic psychology of human-computer interaction to evaluate websites for French-speaking audiences. This questionnaire can also be applied to the evaluation of the usability of mobile applications.

Objectives

Cardiovascular emotional dampening has been reported not just in normotensive individuals but also in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals as reduced accuracy/response time/both of emotion recognition from facial photographs/videos, audios, and affect-inducing scenes with elevation in blood pressure (BP). This study explored if this phenomenon is manifested among low BP (or hypotensive) individuals and in recognition of emotions from bodily gestures. Further, sex-specific differences in BP-associated emotional dampening were also explored.

Materials and methods

Using a cross-sectional group comparison research design, Asian Indian participants belonging to middle socioeconomic status were recruited for participation. The classification of the participants into different BP groups was done on the basis of the criteria laid down by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure for adults aged 18 and older. The study assessed the participants on an emotional matching task (matching a target emotional face to the correct bodily gesture) and an emotional labelling task (labelling the emotion expressed in bodily gestures). A mixed-design ANCOVA was conducted, with BP groups and sex (male, female) as between-groups factors, and inverse efficiency score (calculated by combining speed and accuracy of emotion recognition into one variable) on both the tasks as within-groups factor, with age and education as covariates.

Results

Data from a total of 148 participants [hypotensives (n = 23), normotensives (n = 59), prehypertensives (n = 35), and hypertensives (n = 31)] were analysed. Mixed-design ANCOVA revealed a significant BP group × Task × Sex interaction. Notably, prehypertensive and hypertensive BP elevation produces more emotional dampening in females than males in emotional labelling but not matching. Moreover, while hypertensive females show explicit emotion recognition difficulties (labelling emotions), hypertensive males show decline in both implicit (matching emotions) and explicit emotion recognition, compared to other BP groups. Dampening was not evident for hypotensives.

Conclusion

The findings add significantly to expanding the growing literature on cardiovascular emotional dampening and can be used to design distinct therapeutic interventions to improve both implicit and explicit emotion recognition for hypertensive males but just explicit emotion recognition for hypertensive females. Females with higher-than-normal BP need to be targeted more for emotion recognition interventions than males.

Introduction

There is little research on how to judge a woman in a cross-cultural context.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to examine how women from North Africa are perceived socially, through observation of representations of this minority group in a judicial context.

Method

In this study, 277 French students (132 men and 145 women) read a scenario describing a North African woman who hits another woman, and who adopted one of the four acculturation strategies (assimilation, integration, separation or marginalization). They then judged the act and its perpetrator. The participants’ level of social dominance orientation (SDO) was also assessed.

Results

The results show that men judged the perpetrator more harshly than women and perceived as posing greater threat. The acculturation strategy adopted by the offender did not interact with the sex of the participants, but men perceived adoption of the host culture as an aggravating circumstance. Social dominance orientation moderated the effect of sex on the participants’ perception of the perpetrator, but not on their judgment of the act.

Conclusion

This study has important implications regarding the way relationships of domination are affected by an offender who belongs to two minority groups.

Introduction

This article aims to consider the experience of cancer treated by oral chemotherapy as a frame for investigating the construction and the transmission of knowledge related to illness and treatment in the context of therapeutic patient education. This work is based on a doctoral thesis carried out in Social and health Psychology in which we investigated, according to a socio-constructivist approach, the contexts and the circumstances in which patients’ knowledge are assimilated and mobilized.

Method

Based on field research conducted in a Rhone-Alpes university hospital center, we led two qualitative studies, which combined research interviews (n = 27) and ethnographic data of a therapeutic education program (including non-participant observation of 44 therapeutic education sessions). For analyzing these qualitative data, we relied on the principles of analysis using conceptualizing categories.

Results

Our results show that the relationship between sick people and cancer and treatment refers to the intertwining of medical knowledge and lay knowledge. These are constructed and actualized in therapeutic relationships and the social situations through which participants experience their illness. This polyphasic knowledge operates as an active process of decoding the perceptions of the body and of the disease, and guides health behaviors.

Conclusion

This article shows the contributions of a comprehensive and holistic approach as well as a multi-methodological design to investigate the complexity of the illness and treatment representational elaboration, by highlighting its cognitive, affective, social, and symbolic dimensions.

Introduction

Burnout and its predictors are an increasingly important health issue in the teaching profession.

Objective

The present study aimed at identifying teacher profiles at risk of burnout, and to explore their associations with coping processes and sense of self-efficacy using a dual variable and person-centered approach.

Method

A sample of 171 teachers (58.50% female) from a French-speaking canton of Switzerland completed the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (i.e., physical fatigue, cognitive weariness, emotional exhaustion), the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (i.e., instructional strategies, student engagement, classroom management) and the Coping Scale by Dewe (i.e., need to communicate, traditional style of teaching, problem-focused and avoidant coping).

Results

Problem-focused coping was the only variable that negatively predicted all three dimensions of burnout. Avoidant coping negatively predicted physical fatigue and cognitive weariness while classroom management self-efficacy negatively predicted emotional exhaustion. Additional findings suggested the moderating role of the number of students with special educational needs (SEN) in the relationship between some variables. Three profiles were identified based on a hierarchical cluster analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that a higher number of students with SEN, as well as low levels of coping (i.e., problem-focused and avoidant) and sense of self-efficacy in classroom management were associated with a greater likelihood of belonging to the burnout risk profile (representing 21.64% of the total sample).

Conclusion

Findings from this study not only highlight a relatively large proportion of teachers at risk of burnout, but also a possible co-action of some coping processes and sense of self-efficacy.