Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301439
R. Odorico
Recent work on neural network discrimination of heavy flavor jets and particle decays is surveyed. The feasibility of unearthing a top signal at hadron colliders with the top quark decaying into anything is discussed. Results obtained by several groups on identification of jets originated by bottom quarks in electron-positron annihilation are compared. A project for the development of a neural trigger for bottom events in a fixed target experiment at CERN is presented.<>
{"title":"Heavy flavor discrimination by neural networks","authors":"R. Odorico","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301439","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work on neural network discrimination of heavy flavor jets and particle decays is surveyed. The feasibility of unearthing a top signal at hadron colliders with the top quark decaying into anything is discussed. Results obtained by several groups on identification of jets originated by bottom quarks in electron-positron annihilation are compared. A project for the development of a neural trigger for bottom events in a fixed target experiment at CERN is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125189411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301087
P. Msaki, M. Bentourkia, J. Cadorette, M. Héon, R. Lecomte
A novel normalization technique for multispectral acquisition (MSA) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is described. MSA data are affected by spectral nonuniformity due to variations in detector characteristics. As with conventional methods, the normalization must preserve counts as it reduces nonuniformity but spectral shapes must be restored and symmetry distortions between mirror windows must be compensated. The proposed method achieves these goals by averaging each window pair over all detectors and by balancing mirror windows. The method was tested with a variety of spectral distortions and was found to be successful in restoring data uniformity. It is concluded that MSA PET imaging is possible with relatively nonuniform detector response, but with stable detector characteristics are essential.<>
{"title":"A normalization technique for multispectral acquisition in positron emission tomography","authors":"P. Msaki, M. Bentourkia, J. Cadorette, M. Héon, R. Lecomte","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301087","url":null,"abstract":"A novel normalization technique for multispectral acquisition (MSA) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is described. MSA data are affected by spectral nonuniformity due to variations in detector characteristics. As with conventional methods, the normalization must preserve counts as it reduces nonuniformity but spectral shapes must be restored and symmetry distortions between mirror windows must be compensated. The proposed method achieves these goals by averaging each window pair over all detectors and by balancing mirror windows. The method was tested with a variety of spectral distortions and was found to be successful in restoring data uniformity. It is concluded that MSA PET imaging is possible with relatively nonuniform detector response, but with stable detector characteristics are essential.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114255304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301129
M. Squillante, C. Zhou, J. Zhang, L. Moy, K. Shah
Semiconductor radiation detectors were fabricated on single crystal wafers on indium iodide and tested both as direct radiation detectors and as optical detectors coupled to a scintillator crystal. Indium iodide is shown to be a promising material for fabricating room-temperature photodetectors for use in scintillation spectroscopy due to its high resistivity, good charge transport properties, and high quantum efficiency in the optical wavelength region of interest. InI also has potential for use as a direct detector for applications above room temperature. Initial experiments are encouraging, and although a stability problem was observed, the cause has been identified and it should be readily solved. Improvements in the detector performance may be possible by enhancing the InI crystal purity and by selecting optimal device configuration.<>
{"title":"InI nuclear radiation detectors","authors":"M. Squillante, C. Zhou, J. Zhang, L. Moy, K. Shah","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301129","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor radiation detectors were fabricated on single crystal wafers on indium iodide and tested both as direct radiation detectors and as optical detectors coupled to a scintillator crystal. Indium iodide is shown to be a promising material for fabricating room-temperature photodetectors for use in scintillation spectroscopy due to its high resistivity, good charge transport properties, and high quantum efficiency in the optical wavelength region of interest. InI also has potential for use as a direct detector for applications above room temperature. Initial experiments are encouraging, and although a stability problem was observed, the cause has been identified and it should be readily solved. Improvements in the detector performance may be possible by enhancing the InI crystal purity and by selecting optimal device configuration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114271382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301308
H. Areti, E. Barsotti, M. Nomachi, A. Booth, M. Bowden
Current and potential applications of switching networks in data acquisition systems in high-energy physics experiments are described. These switches use data transport protocols such as FCS, HIPPI (High Performance Parallel Interface), and SCL (Scalable Coherent Interface). Two commercially available switching networks that implement 'standard' protocols over either copper or optical fiber links are presented, with applications to physics experiments.<>
{"title":"Review of switching network technologies and their applications in data acquisition systems","authors":"H. Areti, E. Barsotti, M. Nomachi, A. Booth, M. Bowden","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301308","url":null,"abstract":"Current and potential applications of switching networks in data acquisition systems in high-energy physics experiments are described. These switches use data transport protocols such as FCS, HIPPI (High Performance Parallel Interface), and SCL (Scalable Coherent Interface). Two commercially available switching networks that implement 'standard' protocols over either copper or optical fiber links are presented, with applications to physics experiments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131377231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301399
K. Lambert, D. J. Lloyd, G. Wakefield
The authors describe application specific integrated circuit based neutron coincidence electronics which has been developed as a self-contained neutron coincidence analyzer for portable plutonium assay systems and as a NIM module for use in plant-specific applications. They also discuss a composite charge amplifier/discriminator unit which is based on the Amptek A-111 device.<>
作者描述了基于应用特定集成电路的中子符合电子学，该电子学已被开发为便携式钚分析系统的自包含中子符合分析仪，并作为NIM模块用于工厂特定应用。他们还讨论了一种基于Amptek a -111器件的复合电荷放大器/鉴别器单元。
{"title":"Neutron counting electronics","authors":"K. Lambert, D. J. Lloyd, G. Wakefield","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301399","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe application specific integrated circuit based neutron coincidence electronics which has been developed as a self-contained neutron coincidence analyzer for portable plutonium assay systems and as a NIM module for use in plant-specific applications. They also discuss a composite charge amplifier/discriminator unit which is based on the Amptek A-111 device.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301412
R. Berg
Requirements for the renewal of commercial nuclear plant operating licenses are defined in 10CFR54, the License Renewal Rule. In a recent application of the Rule, over 1600 process instrumentation and control components were identified as important to license renewal. A grouping program was developed to break down the large populations into manageable, generic groups. Forty-six groups were selected based on component boundaries, design principles, environment, operating and maintenance history, and similar expectations for aging mechanisms and service life. Evaluations were then conducted on a group basis, to define significant aging mechanisms, review plant programs, and identify enhancements to ensure full coverage for the license renewal period.<>
{"title":"Programs to detect and manage aging of instrumentation and control components for license renewal (nuclear plants)","authors":"R. Berg","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301412","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements for the renewal of commercial nuclear plant operating licenses are defined in 10CFR54, the License Renewal Rule. In a recent application of the Rule, over 1600 process instrumentation and control components were identified as important to license renewal. A grouping program was developed to break down the large populations into manageable, generic groups. Forty-six groups were selected based on component boundaries, design principles, environment, operating and maintenance history, and similar expectations for aging mechanisms and service life. Evaluations were then conducted on a group basis, to define significant aging mechanisms, review plant programs, and identify enhancements to ensure full coverage for the license renewal period.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128012667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301205
M. Huhtinen, R. Orava, M. Pimia, T. Tuuva, J. Ylostalo, K. Osterberg, S. Eranen, K. Leinonen, I. Hietanen, R. Turchetta, M. Schaeffer
A novel two-dimensional single-sided silicon strip detector using cross-connected short strips interleaved with long strips has been designed. In the design the z coordinate (along the strips) can be measured by finding the crossing point of strips. No sacrifice is necessary on the r phi coordinate resolution in the design. This detector matches well the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) requirements. Adequate z-coordinate measurement can be done using these detectors with reduced cost and simplified structure, which is well suited for applications where large area coverage and mass production are essential. A low material (in terms of radiation length) silicon tracker can be built with these detectors because of the reduced number of readout channels and, therefore, reduced cooling requirements. Considerable savings are also achieved in readout electronics.<>
{"title":"Single-sided stereo angle silicon strip detector","authors":"M. Huhtinen, R. Orava, M. Pimia, T. Tuuva, J. Ylostalo, K. Osterberg, S. Eranen, K. Leinonen, I. Hietanen, R. Turchetta, M. Schaeffer","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301205","url":null,"abstract":"A novel two-dimensional single-sided silicon strip detector using cross-connected short strips interleaved with long strips has been designed. In the design the z coordinate (along the strips) can be measured by finding the crossing point of strips. No sacrifice is necessary on the r phi coordinate resolution in the design. This detector matches well the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) requirements. Adequate z-coordinate measurement can be done using these detectors with reduced cost and simplified structure, which is well suited for applications where large area coverage and mass production are essential. A low material (in terms of radiation length) silicon tracker can be built with these detectors because of the reduced number of readout channels and, therefore, reduced cooling requirements. Considerable savings are also achieved in readout electronics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132712124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301492
Y. Hui, W. Ng
An interface metaphor is proposed for developing a 3-D cursor for volume rendering applications. The metaphor, luminous gel, is a material for molding a 3-D cursor. It has been demonstrated that such a cursor's location and spatial relationships with volume-rendered 3-D objects are readily perceivable. Editing tools made in luminous gel have also been developed, which are useful as effective positioning tools for functional operations and inspecting devices for feature exploration and scene understanding by enabling immediate depth perception and object highlighting. The editing tools have also be further elaborated for performing planar and curved sectioning directly and naturally.<>
{"title":"3D cursors for volume rendering applications","authors":"Y. Hui, W. Ng","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301492","url":null,"abstract":"An interface metaphor is proposed for developing a 3-D cursor for volume rendering applications. The metaphor, luminous gel, is a material for molding a 3-D cursor. It has been demonstrated that such a cursor's location and spatial relationships with volume-rendered 3-D objects are readily perceivable. Editing tools made in luminous gel have also been developed, which are useful as effective positioning tools for functional operations and inspecting devices for feature exploration and scene understanding by enabling immediate depth perception and object highlighting. The editing tools have also be further elaborated for performing planar and curved sectioning directly and naturally.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301010
E. Mumcuoglu, R. Leahy, S. Cherry
The problem of reconstructing a transmission attenuation image is addressed. The estimation procedure is based on a Bayesian formulation incorporating a Poisson likelihood model that includes scatter for the transmission data and a Markov random field prior. The results obtained using this approach result in improved accuracy in computing the ACFs (attenuation correction factors). A transmission image is also useful for reconstructing anatomical landmarks for use in cross-modality registration. A third advantage of reconstruction of the transmission image is that, if the patient moves between the transmission and one or more emission scans, the reconstructed transmission image can be used to generate ACFs for any new position. Several candidate optimization techniques are investigated, and the quantitative accuracy of the reconstructed images is evaluated.<>
{"title":"A statistical approach to transmission image reconstruction from ring source calibration measurements in PET","authors":"E. Mumcuoglu, R. Leahy, S. Cherry","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301010","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of reconstructing a transmission attenuation image is addressed. The estimation procedure is based on a Bayesian formulation incorporating a Poisson likelihood model that includes scatter for the transmission data and a Markov random field prior. The results obtained using this approach result in improved accuracy in computing the ACFs (attenuation correction factors). A transmission image is also useful for reconstructing anatomical landmarks for use in cross-modality registration. A third advantage of reconstruction of the transmission image is that, if the patient moves between the transmission and one or more emission scans, the reconstructed transmission image can be used to generate ACFs for any new position. Several candidate optimization techniques are investigated, and the quantitative accuracy of the reconstructed images is evaluated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134174881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-10-25DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301354
T. Prettyman, R. Gardner, K. Verghese
A specific-purpose Monte Carlo code, called McENL, for modeling the time response of epithermal lifetime tools is described. The code was developed primarily for the Monte Carlo neophyte and requires a minimum amount of input preparation. The weight windows technique, using an automated importance function based on the solution of an adjoint diffusion model, is used to improve the efficiency of the calculation. Complete composition and density correlated sampling is also included in the code and is used to study the effect on tool response of small variations in the formation, borehole, or logging tool composition and density. McENL was benchmarked against test-pit data for the Mobil pulsed neutron porosity tool. Results of the experimental validation and details of code performance are presented.<>
{"title":"The specific purpose Monte Carlo code McENL for simulating the response of epithermal neutron lifetime tools","authors":"T. Prettyman, R. Gardner, K. Verghese","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1992.301354","url":null,"abstract":"A specific-purpose Monte Carlo code, called McENL, for modeling the time response of epithermal lifetime tools is described. The code was developed primarily for the Monte Carlo neophyte and requires a minimum amount of input preparation. The weight windows technique, using an automated importance function based on the solution of an adjoint diffusion model, is used to improve the efficiency of the calculation. Complete composition and density correlated sampling is also included in the code and is used to study the effect on tool response of small variations in the formation, borehole, or logging tool composition and density. McENL was benchmarked against test-pit data for the Mobil pulsed neutron porosity tool. Results of the experimental validation and details of code performance are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":447239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134272443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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