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The MIRIAM Robot: A Novel Robotic System for MR-Guided Needle Insertion in the Prostate MIRIAM机器人:一种用于磁共振引导前列腺穿刺的新型机器人系统
Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17500064
P. Moreira, Gert van de Steeg, Thijs Krabben, Jonathan Zandman, E. Hekman, F. Heijden, Ronald Borra, S. Misra
Early prostate cancer detection and treatment are of major importance to reduce mortality rate. magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides images of the prostate where an early stage lesion can be visualized. The use of robotic systems for MR-guided interventions in the prostate allows us to improve the clinical outcomes of procedures such as biopsy and brachytherapy. This work presents a novel MR-conditional robot for prostate interventions. The minimally invasive robotics in an magnetic resonance imaging environment (MIRIAM) robot has 9 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) used to steer and fire a biopsy needle. The needle guide is positioned against the perineum by a 5 DoF parallel robot driven by piezoelectric motors. A 4 DoF needle driver inserts, rotates and fires the needle during the procedure. Piezoelectric motors are used to insert and rotate the needle, while pneumatic actuation is used to fire the needle. The MR-conditional design of the robot and the needle insertion controller are presented. MR compatibility tests using T2 imaging protocol are performed showing a SNR reduction of 25% when the robot is operational within the MR scanner. Experiments inserting a biopsy needle toward a physical target resulted in an average targeting error of 1.84mm. Our study presents a novel MR-conditional robot and demonstrated the ability to perform MR-guided needle-based interventions in soft-tissue phantoms. Moreover, the image distortion analysis indicates that no visible image deterioration is induced by the robot.
前列腺癌的早期发现和治疗对降低死亡率具有重要意义。磁共振(MR)成像提供前列腺的图像,可以看到早期病变。使用机器人系统进行核磁共振引导的前列腺干预使我们能够改善活检和近距离放射治疗等手术的临床结果。这项工作提出了一个新的磁共振条件机器人前列腺干预。磁共振成像环境下的微创机器人(MIRIAM)机器人具有9个自由度(DoF),用于引导和发射活检针。导针器由压电电机驱动的5自由度并联机器人对会阴进行定位。在此过程中,一个4自由度的针驱动器插入、旋转和发射针。针的插入和旋转采用压电电机,射针采用气动驱动。给出了机器人的核磁共振条件设计和插针控制器设计。使用T2成像协议进行的磁共振兼容性测试显示,当机器人在磁共振扫描仪内操作时,信噪比降低了25%。在实验中,将活检针插入物理目标的平均瞄准误差为1.84mm。我们的研究提出了一种新的核磁共振条件机器人,并展示了在软组织幻影中进行核磁共振引导针基干预的能力。此外,图像畸变分析表明,机器人没有引起明显的图像劣化。
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引用次数: 39
A Robotic Diathermy System for Automated Capsulotomy 用于自动囊膜切开的机器人透热系统
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X18500010
F. Ullrich, Jonas Lussi, Vasileios Chatzopoulos, S. Michels, A. Petruska, B. Nelson
Background: Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness and are treated surgically. Capsulotomy describes the opening of the lens capsule during this surgery and is most commonly performed by manual tearing, thermal cutting, or laser ablation. This work focuses on the development of a flexible instrument for high precision capsulotomy, whose motion is controlled by a hybrid mechanical-magnetic actuation system. Methods: A flexible instrument with a magnetic tip was directed along a circular path with a hybrid mechanical-magnetic actuation system. The system’s motion control and thermal cutting behavior were tested on ex vivo porcine lenses. Results: Position control of the magnetic tip on a circular path with radius of 2.9mm resulted in a relative positioning error of 3% at a motion period of 60s. The instrument’s accuracy improves with decreasing speed. A fully automated capsulotomy is achieved on an ex vivo porcine lens capsule by continuously coagulating the tissue under controlled conditions. Conclus...
背景:白内障是导致失明的主要原因,通常通过手术治疗。晶状体囊切开术是指在手术中打开晶状体囊,最常用的方法是手工撕裂、热切割或激光消融。本工作的重点是开发一种用于高精度囊膜切开的柔性仪器,其运动由机械-磁力混合驱动系统控制。方法:采用机械-磁力混合驱动系统,将带磁尖的柔性仪器沿圆形路径定向。在离体猪晶状体上测试了该系统的运动控制和热切割性能。结果:磁尖在半径为2.9mm的圆形路径上进行位置控制,运动周期为60s时相对定位误差为3%。仪器的精度随速度的降低而提高。通过在受控条件下不断凝固组织,实现了对离体猪晶状体囊的全自动囊切开术。Conclus……
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引用次数: 3
Safe Human-Robot Interaction in Medical Robotics: A case study on Robotic Fracture Surgery System 医疗机器人中的安全人机交互:以机器人骨折手术系统为例
Pub Date : 2017-03-27 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400086
I. Georgilas, G. Dagnino, S. Dogramadzi
This paper presents a safety analysis of a Robotic Fracture Surgery System using the Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). It focuses particularly on hazards caused by the human in the loop. The robotic system and operating staff are modeled including information flow between different components of the system. The analysis has generated a set of requirements for the system design that can ultimately mitigate the identified hazards, as well as a preliminary set of human factors that can improve safety.
本文采用系统理论过程分析(STPA)对机器人骨折手术系统进行了安全性分析。它特别侧重于人类在循环中造成的危害。对机器人系统和操作人员进行了建模,包括系统不同组件之间的信息流。分析为系统设计生成了一组需求,这些需求可以最终减轻已识别的危险,以及一组可以提高安全性的初步人为因素。
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引用次数: 2
Laser Incision Depth Control in Robot-Assisted Soft Tissue Microsurgery 机器人辅助软组织显微手术的激光切口深度控制
Pub Date : 2017-03-27 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400062
Alperen Acemoglu, L. Fichera, I. Kepiro, D. Caldwell, L. Mattos
This paper presents the concept of a technology for the automation of laser incisions on soft tissue, especially for application in Transoral Laser Microsurgery (TLM) interventions. The technology aims at automatically controlling laser incisions based on high-level commands from the surgeon, i.e. desired incision shape, length and depth. It is based on a recently developed robotic laser microsurgery platform, which offers the controlled motion of the laser beam on the surgical site. A feed-forward controller provides (i) commands to the robotic laser aiming system and (ii) regulates the parameters of the laser source to achieve the desired results. The controller for the incision depth is extracted from experimental data. The required energy density and the number of passes are calculated to reach the targeted depth. Experimental results demonstrate that targeted depths can be achieved with ±100μm accuracy, which proves the feasibility of this approach. The proposed technology has the potential to facilitate the surgeon’s control over laser incisions.
本文介绍了一种用于软组织激光切口自动化的技术概念,特别是在经口激光显微外科手术(TLM)干预中的应用。该技术旨在根据外科医生的高级命令自动控制激光切口,即所需的切口形状、长度和深度。它基于最近开发的机器人激光显微手术平台,该平台提供了手术部位激光束的控制运动。前馈控制器向机器人激光瞄准系统提供(i)命令,(ii)调节激光源的参数以达到期望的结果。从实验数据中提取切口深度控制器。计算达到目标深度所需的能量密度和通道数。实验结果表明,目标深度精度可达±100μm,证明了该方法的可行性。提出的技术有可能促进外科医生对激光切口的控制。
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引用次数: 13
Robotic Platform for High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Surgery Under Ultrasound Tracking: The FUTURA Platform 超声跟踪下的高强度聚焦超声手术机器人平台:FUTURA平台
Pub Date : 2017-03-27 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400104
S. Tognarelli, G. Ciuti, A. Diodato, A. Cafarelli, A. Menciassi
Focused Ultrasound Therapy Using Robotic Approaches (FUTURA) is a European seventh research framework programme project aimed at creating an innovative platform for Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS). Merging robotics together with noninvasive ultrasound monitoring and therapy has the goal to improve flexibility, precision and accuracy of the intervention, thus enabling a large use of FUS for the treatment of different pathologies. The FUTURA platform, based on FUS therapy under US tracking, has been set up with the first clinical target of kidney cancer treatment. Experiments for assessing the accuracy of the FUS delivery with the FUTURA platform have been carried out under in vitro static conditions and presented here as preliminary outcomes of this study.
使用机器人方法的聚焦超声治疗(FUTURA)是欧洲第七个研究框架计划项目,旨在为聚焦超声手术(FUS)创建一个创新平台。将机器人技术与无创超声监测和治疗相结合的目标是提高干预的灵活性、精度和准确性,从而使FUS在不同病理的治疗中得到广泛应用。FUTURA平台,基于美国追踪的FUS治疗,已经建立了肾癌治疗的第一个临床靶点。利用FUTURA平台评估FUS传递准确性的实验已经在体外静态条件下进行,并在此作为本研究的初步结果。
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引用次数: 7
Toward a Knowledge-Driven Context-Aware System for Surgical Assistance 面向外科辅助的知识驱动的上下文感知系统
Pub Date : 2017-03-21 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400074
H. Nakawala, G. Ferrigno, E. Momi
Complex surgeries complications are increasing, thus making an efficient surgical assistance is a real need. In this work, an ontology-based context-aware system was developed for surgical training...
复杂的手术并发症越来越多,因此需要高效的手术辅助。在这项工作中,开发了一个基于本体的上下文感知系统,用于外科训练。
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引用次数: 8
Telerobotics-Assisted Platform for Enhancing Interaction with Physical Environments for People Living with Cerebral Palsy 为脑瘫患者增强与物理环境互动的远程机器人辅助平台
Pub Date : 2017-03-20 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400013
S. F. Atashzar, Nooshin Jafari, M. Shahbazi, Heidi Janz, M. Tavakoli, Rajnikant V. Patel, K. Adams
In this paper, the design and implementation of a new telerobotics-assisted platform is proposed for individuals who have cerebral palsy (CP). The main objective of the proposed assistive system is to modulate capabilities of individuals through the proposed telerobotic medium and to enhance their control over interaction with objects in a real physical environment. The proposed platform is motivated by evidence showing that lack of interaction with real environments can develop further secondary sensorimotor and cognitive issues for people who grow up with CP. The proposed telerobotic system assists individuals by (a) mapping their limited but convenient motion range to a larger workspace needed for task performance in the real environment, (b) transferring only the voluntary components of the hand motion to the task-side robot to perform tasks and (c) kinaesthetically dissipating the energy of their involuntary motions using a viscous force field implemented in high frequency domain. Consequently, using...
本文提出了一种针对脑瘫患者的远程机器人辅助平台的设计与实现。所提出的辅助系统的主要目标是通过所提出的远程机器人媒介来调节个人的能力,并增强他们在真实物理环境中与物体相互作用的控制。有证据表明,缺乏与真实环境的互动可能会进一步发展CP患者的次级感觉运动和认知问题,因此提出的平台的动机是。提出的远程机器人系统通过(a)将他们有限但方便的运动范围映射到真实环境中执行任务所需的更大的工作空间来帮助个人。(b)仅将手部运动的自主成分传递给任务侧机器人来执行任务;(c)在运动美学上,使用高频域实施的粘性力场来耗散其非自主运动的能量。因此,使用…
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引用次数: 15
A Classifier of Shoulder Movements for a Wearable EMG-Based Device 一种基于可穿戴肌电图的肩部运动分类器
Pub Date : 2017-03-17 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400037
G. Gini, L. Mazzon, Simone Pontiggia, Paolo Belluco
Prostheses and exoskeletons need a control system able to rapidly understand user intentions; a noninvasive method is to deploy a myoelectric system, and a pattern recognition method to classify the intended movement to input to the controller. Here we focus on the classification phase. Our first aim is to recognize nine movements of the shoulder, a body part seldom considered in the literature and difficult to treat since the muscles involved are deep. We show that our novel sEMG two-phase classifier, working on a signal window of 500ms with 62ms increment, has a 97.7% accuracy for nine movements and about 100% accuracy on five movements. After developing the classifier using professionally collected sEMG data from eight channels, our second aim is to implement the classifier on a wearable device, composed by the Intel Edison board and a three-channel experimental portable acquisition board. Our final aim is to develop a complete classifier for dynamic situations, considering the transitions between move...
假肢和外骨骼需要一个能够快速理解用户意图的控制系统;一种非侵入性的方法是部署一个肌电系统和一个模式识别方法来分类预期的运动输入到控制器。这里我们关注的是分类阶段。我们的第一个目标是识别肩膀的九种运动,这是一个在文献中很少考虑的身体部位,由于涉及的肌肉很深,很难治疗。我们的研究表明,我们的新型表面肌电信号两相分类器在500ms的信号窗口上工作,增量为62ms,对9个动作的准确率为97.7%,对5个动作的准确率约为100%。在使用专业采集的八个通道表面肌电信号数据开发分类器之后,我们的第二个目标是在可穿戴设备上实现分类器,该设备由英特尔爱迪生板和三通道实验便携式采集板组成。我们的最终目标是为动态情况开发一个完整的分类器,考虑到移动之间的转换…
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of the Effect of Weighting between sEMG and Interaction Force in Intention Extraction for the Control of an Upper-Limb Assistive Device 表面肌电信号与相互作用力加权在上肢辅助装置控制意图提取中的作用研究
Pub Date : 2017-03-17 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400050
Sang-Joon Kim, Hyosang Lee, Jung Kim
We investigated the effect of the weighting between surface electromyography (sEMG) and interaction force for user intention extraction for the control of an upper-limb assistive device. A point-to...
我们研究了表面肌电图(sEMG)和交互力之间的权重对上肢辅助装置控制中用户意图提取的影响。一个点对…
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引用次数: 0
Assistive Robot, RGB-D Sensor and Graphical User Interface to Encourage Communication Skills in ASD Population 辅助机器人,RGB-D传感器和图形用户界面,以提高ASD人群的沟通技巧
Pub Date : 2017-03-17 DOI: 10.1142/S2424905X17400025
Giuseppe Palestra, Dario Cazzato, F. Adamo, I. Bortone, C. Distante
The main feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is the difficulty in communicating with others and struggling to maintain a functional contact with the environment. This work presents the implementation of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Digital PECS Therapy that will enable ASD population to overcome their impairments. The GUI was integrated with a depth sensor, to recognize hand gestures of autistic subjects, a monitor, where specific tools have been displayed, and a humanoid robot (Aldebaran Robotics NAO), used as a medium that will allow people with ASD to communicate their needs. Subjects can select the displayed pictures they want with hand movements, and the robot pronounces the represented objects. The system has been validated during therapeutic sessions with autistic subjects and the results are here reported and discussed supporting the idea that the presence of the robot helps to elicit triadic interactions in ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASDs)的主要特征是与他人沟通困难,难以与环境保持功能性接触。这项工作提出了数字PECS治疗的图形用户界面(GUI)的实现,这将使ASD人群能够克服他们的障碍。GUI集成了一个深度传感器,用于识别自闭症受试者的手势,一个显示器,其中显示了特定的工具,以及一个人形机器人(Aldebaran Robotics NAO),作为媒介,允许自闭症患者交流他们的需求。受试者可以通过手部动作选择他们想要展示的图片,机器人会读出所呈现的物体。该系统已经在自闭症患者的治疗过程中得到了验证,在这里报告和讨论的结果支持了机器人的存在有助于引发ASD中三合一相互作用的观点。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
J. Medical Robotics Res.
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