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Productivity-led Pathways to Sustainable Agricultural Growth: Six Decades of Progress Des voies vers une croissance agricole durable axées sur la productivité : six décennies de progrès Produktivitätsorientierte Wege zu einem nachhaltigen landwirtschaftlichen Wachstum: Sechs Jahrzehnte Fortschritt 以生产力为主导的农业可持续增长之路:六十年的进展
IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12434
Jeremy Jelliffe, Keith Fuglie, Stephen Morgan

In recent decades, world agriculture has undergone a vast transformation. Between 1961 and 2020, global agricultural output increased nearly four-fold while population grew 2.6 times, leading to a 53 per cent increase in output per capita. Real food prices declined, providing for more affordable and diverse diets. There was a pronounced and sustained shift in the location of production to the Global South (developing countries), which increased its share of global agricultural output from 44 to 73 per cent. Since the 1990s, increases in agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) has become the major driver of world agricultural output. However, insufficient productivity growth relative to demand has drawn more resources into agriculture. Globally, agricultural land area expanded 7.6 per cent between 1961 and 2020, although it contracted in the Global North (developed countries). In the EU, where agricultural output has remained relatively flat in recent decades, improvements in productivity reduced total inputs and environmental resources used by the sector. In contrast, in Canada-United States, productivity growth enabled agricultural output to expand without increasing total inputs and environment resources. By the decade of the 2010s, however, the pace of output and productivity growth in world agriculture slowed, real food prices rose, the number of food insecure people increased, and pressure to expand the use of natural and environmental resources to produce food intensified.

近几十年来,世界农业发生了巨大变化。从 1961 年到 2020 年,全球农业产出增长了近四倍,而人口增长了 2.6 倍,人均产出增加了 53%。实际粮食价格下降,提供了更负担得起的多样化饮食。生产地点明显而持续地向全球南部(发展中国家)转移,全球南部在全球农业产出中的份额从 44%增至 73%。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,农业全要素生产率的提高已成为世界农业产出的主要驱动力。然而,相对于需求而言,生产率增长不足吸引了更多资源投入农业。从 1961 年到 2020 年,全球农业用地面积扩大了 7.6%,但全球北方(发达国家)的农业用地面积有所萎缩。在欧盟,近几十年来农业产出相对平稳,生产率的提高减少了农业部门的总投入和环境资源的使用。与此相反,在加拿大和美国,生产率的提高使农业产出得以扩大,而总投入和环境资源却没有增加。然而,到了 2010 年代,世界农业产出和生产率的增长速度放缓,实际粮食价格上涨,粮食不安全人口数量增加,为生产粮食而扩大使用自然资源和环境资源的压力加大。
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引用次数: 0
Neither Healthy nor Safe: Insufficient Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety for Migrant Farmworkers in Europe Ni sain ni sûr : une réglementation insuffisante en matière de sécurité et de santé au travail pour les travailleurs agricoles migrants en Europe Weder gesund noch sicher: Unzureichende Regulierung des Arbeitsschutzes für ausländische Saisonarbeitskräfte in der europäischen Landwirtschaft 既不健康也不安全:欧洲对移民农民工的职业健康和安全监管不足
IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12432
Juan Castillo-Rojas-Marcos, Yoan Molinero-Gerbeau

Occupational safety and health (OSH) began to be regulated at the EU level with the OSH Framework Directive in 1989. Since then, many other legal acts and policies have followed, enriching the complex European set of legal tools and protections on work-related health and safety. However, they all share the same approach: only eventualities happening to workers in the workplace, during working hours and/or caused by their work tasks can potentially be designated as an OSH impact; andtherefore be legally problematised and tackled. This paper argues that such an approach is insufficient for a sector like European agriculture, whose workforce is increasingly composed of migrant labourers. As scientific evidence reveals, migrant farmworkers face another whole set of severe health and safety risks directly linked to their jobs, which nonetheless would not fit in the traditional definition of OSH. From deficient and substandard accommodation to isolation and lack of access to vital services, these people's jobs potientially expose them to potent health stressors. The sector urgently needs a new and more ambitious conception of OSH to develop legislation and/or policies adapted to the needs of all its workers, including migrants.

摘要1989 年,欧盟发布了《职业安全和健康框架指令》,开始对职业安全和健康(OSH)进行规范。此后,许多其他法案和政策相继出台,丰富了欧洲与工作相关的健康和安全方面的法律工具和保护措施。然而,它们都采用了相同的方法:只有工人在工作场所、工作时间和/或工作任务中发生的事件才有可能被认定为职业安全和健康的影响,并因此在法律上成为问题并加以解决。本文认为,对于欧洲农业这样一个劳动力越来越多地由移民劳工组成的部门来说,这种方法是不够的。科学证据表明,移民农民工面临着与其工作直接相关的另一整套严重的健康和安全风险,但这些风险并不符合职业安全和健康的传统定义。从住宿条件不足和不达标,到与世隔绝和无法获得重要服务,这些人的工作使他们面临潜在的健康压力。该部门迫切需要一种新的、更加雄心勃勃的职业安全和健康概念,以制定适合包括移民在内的所有工人需求的立法和/或政策。
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引用次数: 0
Consumer Prices in German Food E-Retailing: the Impact of the Value Added Tax Cut in 2020 Prix à la consommation dans le commerce électronique alimentaire allemand : l'impact de la réduction de la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée en 2020 Verbraucherpreise im deutschen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel: Die Auswirkungen der Mehrwertsteuersenkung 2020 德国食品网络零售业的消费者价格:2020 年增值税削减的影响
IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12435
Johann Scharnhop, Jens-Peter Loy

In July 2020, the German government reduced the VAT rate for six months in order to stimulate private consumption and support the economy, which had been weakened by the Covid-19 pandemic. It was crucial for the success of the tax cut that retailers passed it on to consumers by reducing retail prices. This article applies a fixed effects estimation model to analyse the price effects of the VAT reduction in grocery e-retailing. It uses price data collected directly from the websites for major food categories of four food e-retailers, Bringmeister, MyTime, Real and Rewe. The tax reduction overall was largely passed on to consumers by price reductions. However, the pass-through rates, i.e. the extent to which the tax rate change was translated into lower prices, varied among the stores, ranging from 16 to 134 per cent, with the highest rate being for Bringmeister. The pass-through rate for Rewe was 84 per cent. Also, the timing of the pass-through varies. The highly divergent pass-through rates were below the expectations of politicians and the announcements made in advance by food retailers, suggesting some strategic pricing within and between stores. For future VAT reduction initiatives, the results of this study and consumers' reactions to price changes should be considered in more detail in order to complete the assessment of the effectiveness of such measures.

摘要 2020 年 7 月,德国政府降低了增值税率,为期 6 个月,以刺激私人消费,支持因 Covid-19 大流行病而疲软的经济。零售商通过降低零售价格将其转嫁给消费者是减税成功的关键。本文采用固定效应估计模型分析了增值税下调对杂货网络零售的价格影响。文章使用了直接从四家食品网络零售商(Bringmeister、MyTime、Real 和 Rewe)的主要食品类网站上收集的价格数据。总体而言,减税在很大程度上通过降价转嫁给了消费者。然而,税率变化转化为价格下降的传递率(即税率变化转化为价格下降的程度)在不同商店之间存在差异,从 16% 到 134% 不等,其中 Bringmeister 的传递率最高。Rewe 的转嫁率为 84%。此外,转嫁的时间也各不相同。差异巨大的转嫁率低于政治家的预期和食品零售商的提前公告,这表明商店内部和商店之间存在一些战略性定价。对于未来的增值税减税举措,应更详细地考虑本研究的结果和消费者对价格变化的反应,以完成对此类措施有效性的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Innovations: Evidence from Six European Union Member States Consentement des citoyens à payer pour des innovations durables : observations dans six États membres de l'Union européenne Die Bereitschaft der Bürger, für nachhaltige Innovationen zu zahlen: Erkenntnisse aus sechs EU-Mitgliedstaaten 公民对可持续创新的支付意愿:来自六个欧盟成员国的证据
IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12433
Yan Jin, Riccardo Borgia, Bouali Guesmi, Djamel Rahmani, Noah Larvoe, Stefano Targetti, Davide Viaggi, José María Gil

Innovations in the agri-food industry targeting the strengthening of sustainability have recently increased their emphasis on compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the H2020 CO-FRESH project, seven sustainable innovations have been implemented by seven local farms and companies in six EU Member States using diversified formats, including a smart irrigation system, reutilising water in processing, and sensors for precisely applying fertilisers. Previous studies have predominantly focused on sustainable innovations in one Member State but not at a pan-European level. In this study, we adopted a choice experiment to assess citizens’ Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) for public goods associated with sustainable innovations in Europe. The common attributes derived from different innovations enable a cross-country comparison of the WTP of citizens living near innovation sites for carbon emissions, biodiversity and local employment. The results indicate European citizens’ different WTP for public goods and significant regional heterogeneity of socio-demographics among citizen clusters. A successful agricultural transition must be socially inclusive. This study has policy implications for various stakeholders in the agri-food value chain as well as policymakers when deciding on optimally allocating resources or implementing policy incentives to enhance sustainability and avoid ‘one-size-fits-all’ applications, considering the heterogeneity in Europe.

摘要 最近,农业食品行业以加强可持续性为目标的创新更加强调遵守可持续发展目标(SDGs)。在 H2020 CO-FRESH 项目中,6 个欧盟成员国的 7 家当地农场和公司采用多样化的形式实施了 7 项可持续创新,包括智能灌溉系统、加工过程中的水再利用以及用于精确施肥的传感器。以往的研究主要侧重于一个成员国的可持续创新,而不是泛欧层面的创新。在本研究中,我们采用选择实验来评估公民对欧洲可持续创新相关公共产品的支付意愿(WTP)。通过不同创新的共同属性,可以对居住在创新点附近的公民在碳排放、生物多样性和当地就业方面的 WTP 进行跨国比较。结果表明,欧洲公民对公共产品的 WTP 各不相同,公民集群之间的社会人口统计学也存在显著的地区异质性。成功的农业转型必须具有社会包容性。考虑到欧洲的异质性,本研究对农业食品价值链中的各利益相关方以及政策制定者在决定优化资源分配或实施政策激励措施以提高可持续性、避免 "一刀切 "应用时具有政策意义。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation in the Farm Office for Smart Sustainability Reporting Innovation dans le bureau de l'exploitation agricole pour rendre compte de la durabilité de manière intelligente Innovation im Büro eines landwirtschaftlichen Betriebs für eine intelligente Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung 农场办公室为智能可持续发展报告进行创新
IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12427
Krijn J. Poppe, Hans C.J. Vrolijk, Marcel A.P.M. van Asseldonk

Farms face an increasing administrative burden due to the push for a more sustainable agri-food system. Farms are required to demonstrate compliance with various sustainability schemes, and this trend is expected to intensify with a more performance-based CAP and new directives and regulations. The need for smart data reporting is emphasised, with a focus on minimising the administrative burden, creating useful systems and indicators for farm management, and ensuring auditability.

We advocate smart reporting as a solution and innovation in the farm office. The integration of data from Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) with sustainability indicators is proposed in order to streamline the reporting process. The importance of using technology, such as e-invoicing and robotic accounting, is highlighted to monitor and report crucial performance data. The integration of FMIS and Farm Financial Accounting (FFA) is proposed as a solution to enhance auditability and reduce manual input. The potential benefits of fully digital invoices and delivery notes to further streamline data exchange are proposed. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of central databases in the dairy sector.

Policy implications for governments in promoting data-intensive relationships with farmers are identified. They build upon previous policy measures that involved accounting within farms and the digital exchange of data.

The paper concludes by emphasising the importance of supporting innovation in the farm office to unlock the full potential of technologies like blockchain, big data analysis, artificial intelligence and sustainability management.

摘要 由于要推动建立更可持续的农业食品体系,农场面临着越来越重的行政负担。农场必须证明自己符合各种可持续发展计划的要求,而随着更注重绩效的 CAP 以及新的指令和法规的出台,这一趋势预计将进一步加剧。智能数据报告的必要性得到了强调,重点是最大限度地减轻行政负担,为农场管理创建有用的系统和指标,并确保可审计性。我们建议将农场管理信息系统(FMIS)的数据与可持续发展指标相结合,以简化报告流程。强调了使用电子发票和机器人会计等技术监测和报告关键绩效数据的重要性。建议将财务管理信息系统(FMIS)和农场财务会计(FFA)整合起来,作为提高可审计性和减少人工输入的解决方案。还提出了全数字化发票和交货单的潜在好处,以进一步简化数据交换。此外,本文还讨论了中央数据库在乳制品行业中的作用。本文最后强调了支持农场办公室创新的重要性,以充分释放区块链、大数据分析、人工智能和可持续性管理等技术的潜力。
{"title":"Innovation in the Farm Office for Smart Sustainability Reporting\u0000 Innovation dans le bureau de l'exploitation agricole pour rendre compte de la durabilité de manière intelligente\u0000 Innovation im Büro eines landwirtschaftlichen Betriebs für eine intelligente Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung","authors":"Krijn J. Poppe,&nbsp;Hans C.J. Vrolijk,&nbsp;Marcel A.P.M. van Asseldonk","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12427","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12427","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Farms face an increasing administrative burden due to the push for a more sustainable agri-food system. Farms are required to demonstrate compliance with various sustainability schemes, and this trend is expected to intensify with a more performance-based CAP and new directives and regulations. The need for smart data reporting is emphasised, with a focus on minimising the administrative burden, creating useful systems and indicators for farm management, and ensuring auditability.</p><p>We advocate smart reporting as a solution and innovation in the farm office. The integration of data from Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) with sustainability indicators is proposed in order to streamline the reporting process. The importance of using technology, such as e-invoicing and robotic accounting, is highlighted to monitor and report crucial performance data. The integration of FMIS and Farm Financial Accounting (FFA) is proposed as a solution to enhance auditability and reduce manual input. The potential benefits of fully digital invoices and delivery notes to further streamline data exchange are proposed. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of central databases in the dairy sector.</p><p>Policy implications for governments in promoting data-intensive relationships with farmers are identified. They build upon previous policy measures that involved accounting within farms and the digital exchange of data.</p><p>The paper concludes by emphasising the importance of supporting innovation in the farm office to unlock the full potential of technologies like blockchain, big data analysis, artificial intelligence and sustainability management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The War in Ukraine and Climate Change Issues Continue to Dominate the Economic, Social and Political Agenda Der Krieg in Ukraine und Fragen des Klimawandels beherrscht weiterhin die wirtschaftliche, soziale and politische Agenda La guerre en Ukraine et changement climatique continuent de dominer l'agenda economique, social et politique 乌克兰战争和气候变化问题继续主导经济、社会和政治议程 乌克兰战争和气候变化问题继续主导经济、社会和政治议程 乌克兰战争和气候变化问题继续主导经济、社会和政治议程
IF 2.8 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12428
John Davis
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引用次数: 0
Optimising Precision Agriculture Choices for Arable Farmers in Germany and the UK: the LINKDAPA Approach Optimiser les choix des cultivateurs en agriculture de précision en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni : l'approche LINKDAPA Präzisionslandwirtschaft in Ackerbauerbetrieben in Deutschland und dem Vereinigten Königreich (UK): Verbesserung der Umsetzung durch den LINKDAPA-Ansatz 优化德国和英国耕地农民的精准农业选择:LINKDAPA 方法
IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12426
Tamisan Latherow, Matthieu Arnoult, Thomas Engel, Renke Gralfs, Oksana Hrynevych, Maria Karampoiki, Salar Mahmood, Alistair Murdoch, Dimitrios Paraforos, Emanuelle Ranieri, Lindsay Todman, Richard Tranter, John Hammond

Farmer adoption of so-called Precision Agriculture (PA) or ‘smart’ technologies in the arable sector has grown in the last few decades with a focus on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and variable rate technologies (VRT). This has led to increased generation of large volumes of data about fields and their crop yields which could be used to increase the environmental and financial performance for farmers. However, survey results show that cost and adaptability have been issues for many farmers in the UK and Germany that have held back such adoption. The LINKDAPA (LINKing multi-source Data for Adoption of Precision Agriculture) project's approach sought to minimise both concerns by creating a customisable web platform that incorporates both GNSS and VRT into one, easy to use, affordable option for farmers. The project developed an online cloud-based decision support tool which takes into account different fertiliser strategies based on novel algorithms using soil, historic yield and satellite data. Co-created by researchers, farmers and agricultural technology firms, the LINKDAPA approach offers both economical and easy to implement solutions for farm management to mitigate resource loss-ratios such as in fertiliser use, provide financial performance analyses, and multi-year graphical imagery for soil mapping.

摘要在过去的几十年里,农民在可耕领域采用所谓的精准农业(PA)或 "智能 "技术的情况越来越多,重点是全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和变速技术(VRT)。由此产生了更多有关田地及其作物产量的大量数据,这些数据可用来提高农民的环境和经济效益。然而,调查结果显示,对于英国和德国的许多农民来说,成本和适应性一直是阻碍采用这些技术的问题。LINKDAPA(LINKing multi-source Data for Adoption of Precision Agriculture)项目的方法是创建一个可定制的网络平台,将 GNSS 和 VRT 整合到一个易于使用、农民负担得起的选项中,从而最大限度地减少这两个问题。该项目开发了一个基于云的在线决策支持工具,该工具利用土壤、历史产量和卫星数据,根据新颖的算法考虑到不同的施肥策略。LINKDAPA 方法由研究人员、农民和农业技术公司共同创建,为农场管理提供了既经济又易于实施的解决方案,以降低肥料使用等资源损失率,提供财务绩效分析,以及用于土壤制图的多年期图形图像。
{"title":"Optimising Precision Agriculture Choices for Arable Farmers in Germany and the UK: the LINKDAPA Approach\u0000 Optimiser les choix des cultivateurs en agriculture de précision en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni : l'approche LINKDAPA\u0000 Präzisionslandwirtschaft in Ackerbauerbetrieben in Deutschland und dem Vereinigten Königreich (UK): Verbesserung der Umsetzung durch den LINKDAPA-Ansatz","authors":"Tamisan Latherow,&nbsp;Matthieu Arnoult,&nbsp;Thomas Engel,&nbsp;Renke Gralfs,&nbsp;Oksana Hrynevych,&nbsp;Maria Karampoiki,&nbsp;Salar Mahmood,&nbsp;Alistair Murdoch,&nbsp;Dimitrios Paraforos,&nbsp;Emanuelle Ranieri,&nbsp;Lindsay Todman,&nbsp;Richard Tranter,&nbsp;John Hammond","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12426","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Farmer adoption of so-called Precision Agriculture (PA) or ‘smart’ technologies in the arable sector has grown in the last few decades with a focus on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and variable rate technologies (VRT). This has led to increased generation of large volumes of data about fields and their crop yields which could be used to increase the environmental and financial performance for farmers. However, survey results show that cost and adaptability have been issues for many farmers in the UK and Germany that have held back such adoption. The LINKDAPA (LINKing multi-source Data for Adoption of Precision Agriculture) project's approach sought to minimise both concerns by creating a customisable web platform that incorporates both GNSS and VRT into one, easy to use, affordable option for farmers. The project developed an online cloud-based decision support tool which takes into account different fertiliser strategies based on novel algorithms using soil, historic yield and satellite data. Co-created by researchers, farmers and agricultural technology firms, the LINKDAPA approach offers both economical and easy to implement solutions for farm management to mitigate resource loss-ratios such as in fertiliser use, provide financial performance analyses, and multi-year graphical imagery for soil mapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture beyond 2030: Options for Carbon Pricing and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms Atténuation du changement climatique dans l'agriculture après 2030 : options pour la tarification du carbone et les mécanismes d'ajustement aux frontières Klimaschutz in der Landwirtschaft nach 2030: Optionen für Carbon-Bepreisung und Carbon-Obergrenzen 2030 年后农业减缓气候变化:碳定价和碳边界调整机制的备选方案
IF 2.8 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12425
Alisa Spiegel, Claudia Heidecke, Julio G. Fournier Gabela, Davit Stepanyan, Mareike Söder, Florian Freund, Alexander Gocht, Martin Banse, Bernhard Osterburg

In the EU's climate policy, agriculture is covered as an Effort-Sharing (ESR) sector, i.e. a sector beyond the Emission Trading System and LULUCF. Despite ambitious climate targets for the ESR sectors and an emerging focus on the need for agriculture to make a substantial contribution to climate change mitigation, agriculture has contributed much less to achieving climate targets than other ESR sectors in most EU Member States. A more radical mitigation instrument is required since the potential to increase climate efficiency in EU agriculture is limited. Carbon pricing is considered an effective instrument and is widely adopted in other sectors worldwide. Options on how to reduce related carbon leakage are discussed. Our recommendations for efficient climate change mitigation policy in agriculture are threefold. First, the agricultural sector needs more precise guidance and clear climate targets. Second, although preventing all conflicts between climate change mitigation actions and other policy goals is impossible and inefficient, a policy could minimise adverse effects. Third, since agricultural GHG emissions can only be minimised and compensated by negative emissions in other sectors, well-defined intersectoral coordination is required.

摘要 在欧盟的气候政策中,农业被列为 "努力分担"(ESR)部门,即排放贸易体系和土地利用、土地利用的变化和林业之外的部门。尽管为 ESR 部门制定了雄心勃勃的气候目标,而且人们开始关注农业需要为减缓气候变化做出重大贡献,但在大多数欧盟成员国中,农业对实现气候目标的贡献远远低于其他 ESR 部门。由于欧盟农业提高气候效率的潜力有限,因此需要更激进的减缓手段。碳定价被认为是一种有效的手段,在世界范围内被其他部门广泛采用。我们还讨论了如何减少相关碳泄漏的方案。我们对高效的农业气候变化减缓政策提出了三方面的建议。首先,农业部门需要更精确的指导和明确的气候目标。第二,尽管防止气候变化减缓行动与其他政策目标之间的所有冲突是不可能的,也是低效的,但一项政策可以最大限度地减少不利影响。第三,由于农业温室气体排放只能通过其他部门的负排放来最小化和补偿,因此需要明确的部门间协调。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling in Support of Better Agricultural and Food Policies: the JRC's Integrated Agro-economic Modelling platform (iMAP) Modélisation à l'appui de meilleures politiques agricoles et alimentaires : la plateforme de modélisation agroéconomique intégrée (iMAP) du Centre commun de recherche (JRC) Modellierung zur Unterstützung einer besseren Agrar- und Ernährungspolitik: die Plattform für integrierte agrarökonomische Modellierung (iMAP) des JRC 建模支持更好的农业和粮食政策:联合研究中心的综合农业经济建模平台(iMAP)
IF 2.8 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12421
Jesus Barreiro-Hurle, Thomas Fellmann, Robert M'barek

Research in the area of agro-economic modelling has been one of the key contributions of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to the development of better agri-food policies in the EU. This article provides an overview of the development of the JRC's integrated agro-economic modelling platform since its establishment in 2005. We highlight the main contributions to policy analysis and describe in detail two key areas, namely the provision of medium-term projections for agricultural markets and the analysis of various CAP proposals. Furthermore, we describe the gradual shift to expand the capabilities of individual models within the platform to encompass aspects beyond traditional agro-economic aspects and incorporate environmental considerations. Model integration remains a focus both within the platform at different levels and scales, and in conjunction with biophysical models. This, together with incorporating knowledge from other fields of economic analysis is fundamental to capture changing policy objectives.

摘要 农业经济模型领域的研究是联合研究中心(JRC)为欧盟制定更好的农业食品政策做出的重要贡献之一。本文概述了联合研究中心综合农业经济建模平台自 2005 年建立以来的发展情况。我们重点介绍了对政策分析的主要贡献,并详细描述了两个关键领域,即提供农产品市场中期预测和分析各种 CAP 提案。此外,我们还介绍了平台内各个模型能力的逐步扩展,以涵盖传统农业经济以外的方面,并将环境因素纳入其中。模型集成仍然是平台内不同层次和规模的重点,也是与生物物理模型相结合的重点。这一点以及纳入其他经济分析领域的知识对于把握不断变化的政策目标至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Approach Choices for Antimicrobial Use Reduction in European Food Animal Production Approches alternatives pour la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans la production animale européenne destinée à l'alimentation Lösungsansätze zur Reduzierung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel in der europäischen Nutztierhaltung 欧洲食用动物生产中减少抗菌剂使用的方法选择
IF 2.8 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12424
Ziping Wu
<p>La réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens (UAM) constitue une stratégie mondiale essentielle dans la lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) dans le domaine de la production animale destinée à l'alimentation. Nous avons procédé à un examen approfondi des approches distinctes utilisées dans la gestion de la réduction de l'UAM au Royaume-Uni, au Danemark et aux Pays-Bas. Notre analyse s'est penchée sur les processus de réforme, en mettant l'accent sur les rôles joués par les pouvoirs publics, le grand public et les principales parties prenantes tout au long de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. De plus, nous avons examiné les impacts de ces approches sur l'UAM, la RAM et le paysage économique de la production animale destinée à l'alimentation. Dans les trois pays, ces réformes ont été ancrées dans la réduction et l'utilisation judicieuse des antimicrobiens d'importance critique (AIC) à usage vétérinaire. Ces efforts ont donné des résultats significatifs, notamment en matière de réduction du recours aux AIC. En utilisant une approche volontaire de réduction de l'UAM, la participation active des organismes publics, des consommateurs et des chefs de file de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, notamment les supermarchés, s'est avérée essentielle. En termes de mise en oeuvre, ces pays ont adopté diverses stratégies de gestion, notamment des approches volontaires, réglementaires et hybrides, défendues respectivement par les agriculteurs, les agences gouvernementales et les vétérinaires. Ces approches ont produit des impacts divers, à la fois en termes de potentiel de réduction et d'influence sur les performances agricoles.</p><p>Die Reduzierung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel ist eine zentrale globale Strategie zur Bekämpfung der Antibiotikaresistenz im Bereich der Nutzierhaltung. Wir haben eine umfassende Untersuchung der verschiedenen Ansätze zur Reduzierung des Antibiotikaeinsatzes im Vereinigten Königreich, in Dänemark und in den Niederlanden durchgeführt. Unsere Analyse befasste sich mit den Reformprozessen, wobei die Rolle der Regierung, der Öffentlichkeit und der wichtigsten Interessengruppen in der gesamten Lieferkette hervorgehoben wurde. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir die Auswirkungen dieser Reduzierungsansätze auf den Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel, Antibiotikaresistenzen und das wirtschaftliche Umfeld der Nutztierproduktion. In allen drei Ländern ist die Reduzierung und der vernünftige Einsatz von kritisch wichtigen antimikrobiellen Mitteln für die Veterinärmedizin in den Reformen verankert. Diese Bemühungen haben zu bedeutenden Ergebnissen geführt, insbesondere in der Verringerung des Einsatzes von wichtigen antimikrobiellen Mitteln. Bei der Anwendung eines freiwilligen Ansatzes zur Verringerung des Einsatzes von antimikrobiellen Mitteln hat sich die aktive Beteiligung von Regierungsstellen, Verbrauchern und führenden Unternehmen der Lieferkette, insbesondere von Supermärkten, als entscheidend erwiesen. Was die Umsetzung
摘要在食用动物生产领域,减少抗菌药物使用量(AMU)是对抗抗菌药物耐药性(AMR)的一项关键性全球战略。我们对英国、丹麦和荷兰在管理减少抗菌药物使用方面所采用的不同方法进行了广泛研究。我们的分析深入探讨了改革进程,强调了政府、公众和整个供应链中的主要利益相关者所发挥的作用。此外,我们还研究了这些方法对 AMU、AMR 和食用动物生产经济状况的影响。在所有三个国家,这些改革都以减少和合理使用兽用极重要抗菌药物 (CIA) 为基础。这些努力取得了重大成果,特别是在减少 CIA 的使用方面。事实证明,在采用自愿方式减少 AMU 的过程中,政府机构、消费者和供应链领导者(尤其是超市)的积极参与起到了关键作用。在执行方面,这些国家采取了不同的管理策略,包括由农民、政府机构和兽医分别倡导的自愿、监管和混合方法。这些方法产生了不同的影响,既有减少风险的潜力,也有对农场绩效的影响。
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