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Determining State Expenditures in India: Relative Role of Own Revenues, Central Transfers and Fiscal Deficit 决定印度国家支出:自身收入、中央转移支付和财政赤字的相对作用
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231172575
D. Srivastava, M. Bharadwaj, T. Kapur, R. Trehan
This article analyses the relative role of state’s own revenues, tax and non-tax, central transfers, and borrowing in determining state expenditures. We have examined the prevailing hypotheses regarding explaining determinants of government expenditures such as the Wagner, Wiseman-Peacock and Clark’s Critical Limit hypotheses in the context of state governments in India. We have also looked at Revenue and Spend, Tax and Spend, and the Fiscal Synchronization hypotheses. We have quantified the relative magnitudes of the differential effects of these sources of financing state-level primary expenditures for two groups of states namely, medium and large states (ML) and small and hilly states (SH) in a panel data framework. In addition to the variables reflecting financing sources, this study also examines other prevailing hypotheses affecting state expenditures such as those relating to cyclical increases emanating from election years and years of economic slowdown. Based on results of the Hausman test, we have estimated a two-way random effects model. Our findings indicate that with respect to own tax revenues, the magnitude of responsiveness of primary expenditure is 0.22 for the ML group and 0.10 for the SH group of states. For fiscal transfers, these magnitudes are 0.29 for ML states and 0.20 for SH states. For borrowing, the relevant coefficients are 0.33 for ML states and 0.13 for SH states. Thus, for the ML group, the maximum responsiveness is with respect to borrowing, followed by fiscal transfers and own tax revenues. In the case of the SH group, central transfers explain the largest variation in state-level primary expenditure, followed by borrowing and own tax revenues. We also find that for two out of three general elections in the sample period namely, 2009 and 2014, there was a positive and significant response of primary expenditures. Further, in years of economic slowdown, there is a positive response except in one case where the income effect was dominant and primary expenditure also fell along with the slowdown.
本文分析了国家自身收入、税收和非税收、中央转移支付和借款在决定国家支出中的相对作用。我们研究了关于解释政府支出决定因素的流行假设,如瓦格纳、怀斯曼-皮科克和克拉克在印度邦政府背景下的临界极限假设。我们还研究了收入与支出、税收与支出以及财政同步假说。我们在面板数据框架中量化了两组州,即大中型州(ML)和小型丘陵州(SH)的这些州级初级支出融资来源的差异影响的相对程度。除了反映资金来源的变量外,本研究还考察了影响国家支出的其他流行假设,例如与选举年和经济放缓年份产生的周期性增长有关的假设。根据Hausman检验的结果,我们估计了一个双向随机效应模型。我们的研究结果表明,相对于自己的税收收入,主要支出的响应幅度为0.22的ML组和0.10的SH组的国家。对于财政转移,这些数值在ML州为0.29,在SH州为0.20。对于借用,ML状态的相关系数为0.33,SH状态的相关系数为0.13。因此,对于ML组来说,最大的响应是关于借款,其次是财政转移和自己的税收收入。就SH集团而言,中央转移支付解释了州一级基本支出的最大变化,其次是借款和自身税收收入。我们还发现,在样本期内的三次大选中,有两次即2009年和2014年,基层支出都有积极而显著的反应。此外,在经济放缓的年份,除了收入效应占主导地位,基本支出也随着经济放缓而下降的一种情况外,还有一种积极的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Consumers’ Continuance Intentions to Consume Green Tea: An Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective 消费者对绿茶的持续消费意愿:计划行为视角的扩展理论
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231172031
Neeraj Dhiman, Roktim Sarmah, M. Jamwal
Despite the growing market of green tea, the decline of its continued consumption by existing customers poses challenges to marketers. Against this issue, the present study draws on the ‘Theory of Planned behaviour’ and extends it by incorporating additional constructs to gain critical insights into the Indian context. Based on a sample of 567 consumers collected from snowball sampling, the study used SmartPLS to test the conceptual model using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that consumption values (hedonic and utilitarian) and health consciousness significantly shape consumers’ attitudes. Also, consumers’ attitude, perceived behavioural control, and social comparison significantly and positively impacts continuance intentions to consume green tea. Interestingly, subjective norms have an insignificant impact on consumer’s continuance intentions to consume green tea. The study offers vital implications to marketers regarding strategizing the marketing activities that would assist them in building the green tea brand and its continued use.
尽管绿茶市场不断增长,但现有客户持续消费的下降给营销人员带来了挑战。针对这个问题,本研究借鉴了“计划行为理论”,并通过纳入其他结构来扩展它,以获得对印度背景的关键见解。基于从雪球抽样中收集的567名消费者的样本,本研究使用SmartPLS使用结构方程建模来测试概念模型。结果表明,消费价值观(享乐主义和功利主义)和健康意识对消费者态度有显著影响。此外,消费者态度、感知行为控制和社会比较显著正向影响绿茶消费的持续意愿。有趣的是,主观规范对消费者继续饮用绿茶意愿的影响不显著。该研究为营销人员制定营销活动战略提供了重要的启示,这些营销活动将帮助他们建立绿茶品牌并继续使用。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting Cashless Economy: The Use of Online Electricity Payment Channels in the Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria 促进无现金经济:在尼日利亚伊巴丹市使用在线电力支付渠道
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231169112
F. Omotayo, Josephine N. Tony-Olorondu
The study was designed to investigate the level of usage of online electricity payment channels (OEPC), as well as the influential factors determining the use of the channels. The correlation type of survey research design was adopted. The population consisted of all electricity consumers in the Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Out of the 236 responses, about two-thirds (65.3%) were users of OEPC, while 34.7% were not. A significant relationship, strong and positive correlation was found between usefulness, ease of use, convenience ( r = 0.710, 0.704, 0.623, respectively) and use of OEPC. The relationship between security and computer self-efficacy and the use of OEPC is also positive and significant but the correlation coefficients are low ( r = 0.279, 0.252, respectively), indicating a weak relationship. All the variables jointly predicted the use of OEPC, while a 24.0% variation in use was influenced by the variables. The study concluded that the use of OEPC by consumers in the Ibadan metropolis was moderate and that the usefulness of OEPC, ease of use, convenience of using, security of the channels and the computer self-efficacy of the users influenced the use of the channels. The implication is that these factors could be leveraged to promote an increase in awareness, adoption and use of OEPC in Nigeria.
该研究旨在调查在线电力支付渠道(OEPC)的使用水平,以及决定渠道使用的影响因素。采用相关型调查研究设计。人口包括尼日利亚伊巴丹市的所有电力消费者。在236个回复中,约三分之二(65.3%)是OEPC用户,而34.7%不是。有用性、易用性、便利性与OEPC的使用呈显著正相关(r分别为0.710、0.704、0.623)。安全、计算机自我效能与OEPC使用之间也存在显著正相关关系,但相关系数较低(r分别为0.279、0.252),关系较弱。所有变量共同预测了OEPC的使用,而使用变化受变量的影响为24.0%。研究的结论是,伊巴丹市消费者对电子产品编码的使用是适度的,电子产品编码的有用性、易用性、使用便利性、渠道的安全性和用户的计算机自我效能影响着渠道的使用。这意味着可以利用这些因素来促进尼日利亚对OEPC的认识、采用和使用的增加。
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引用次数: 0
Market Risk Management with Equity Derivatives 股票衍生品的市场风险管理
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231173501
S. Kumar, Sony Thomas
This case delves into market risk management in an initial public offering (IPO) investment arising due to the unexpected onset of the pandemic. The protagonist in the case is overwhelmed by the euphoria surrounding the IPO issue of SBI Cards and turns into a speculator instead of a normal investor. He makes a leveraged bet on the likely listing gains by resorting to IPO funding. After the closure of the IPO issue, the market registered very sharp declines due to a viral fever engulfing the whole world. Now, the protagonist, who has already lost heavily from the existing portfolio, has to encounter likely losses from the loan-funded IPO investment. He had to hedge the likely losses from the possible listing day losses from the IPO. For this, he needs to put in place a hedging strategy, answering the questions on the choice of derivative contract, size and expiry date of the contract.
本案例探讨了因意外爆发大流行而引起的首次公开发行(IPO)投资中的市场风险管理。案件的主角被围绕着SBI卡首次公开发行的兴奋情绪所淹没,从正常的投资者变成了投机者。他通过IPO融资对可能的上市收益进行杠杆押注。在IPO发行结束后,由于席卷全球的病毒热,市场出现了非常急剧的下跌。现在,已经在现有投资组合中损失惨重的主角,不得不面对贷款融资的IPO投资可能带来的损失。他必须对冲IPO上市当天可能出现的损失。为此,他需要制定一个对冲策略,回答有关衍生品合约选择、合约规模和到期日的问题。
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引用次数: 0
A Blended Approach to Organizational Learning in Indian Software Industry 印度软件业组织学习的混合方法
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231164850
Ashutosh Shukla, A. Dubey, S. Pandey
Organizational learning (OL) has been one of the pioneering fields in debating the survival, sustainability and competitive edge of an organization in a dynamic environment. Primarily, it integrates generative learning, the sharing of knowledge, reliance on standard processes on the one hand and experimentation on the other, thereby enabling a culture that fosters co-creation and team learning. Although OL does not restrict itself to knowledge-based firms, software companies have been purposefully chosen in the present study on account of their rich access to a variety of knowledge specific to the different industries they serve, the dynamic environment under which they operate and the periodic upgrading of their technological capabilities. Given these features, it is safe to assume that IT companies are in the best position to explore OL in comparison to firms belonging to other industries. The study attempts to describe OL in software firms in India. The current study adopts a mixed-method approach, where OL is discussed through both quantitative and qualitative lenses, and the findings are triangulated for discussing OL in software firms in India. The research paves a way to focus on building a learning infrastructure and making the learning link tangible as the key requirements to discuss OL in software firms.
组织学习(Organizational learning, OL)一直是研究动态环境下组织的生存、可持续性和竞争优势的前沿领域之一。首先,它整合了生成学习、知识共享、一方面依赖标准流程和另一方面的实验,从而形成了一种促进共同创造和团队学习的文化。虽然OL并不局限于知识型企业,但在本研究中有目的地选择了软件公司,因为它们能够丰富地获取其所服务的不同行业的各种知识,它们所处的动态环境以及它们的技术能力的定期升级。考虑到这些特点,可以肯定的是,与其他行业的公司相比,it公司处于探索OL的最佳位置。该研究试图描述印度软件公司的OL。目前的研究采用混合方法,通过定量和定性的角度来讨论OL,并对研究结果进行三角化,以讨论印度软件公司的OL。本研究为将学习基础设施的构建和学习环节的有形化作为讨论软件企业学习管理的关键要求铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Acid Attacks in India and the Role of Stakeholders: A Journey From Victim to Survivor 印度硫酸袭击和利益相关者的角色:从受害者到幸存者的旅程
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231191620
Rashida Salmani, G. Mishra, Ashvini Kumar Singh
With the increase in acid-related violence in India, vitriolage has become one of the most gruesome forms of hate crimes to be conceived and committed. This crime was majorly associated with being one of the most heinous atrocities against women. Still, in recent times, it has been observed that acid attacks are not gender specific anymore. This study set out to determine the reasons why people use acid, as well as the difficulties that assault victims face. It also recommends actions taken to address such issues and the involvement of all parties engaged in rehabilitating acid attack survivors while considering gender. The researcher followed a multiple case study approach, conducted thorough semi-structured interviews of 22 acid attack survivors and used secondary data sources. We found that acid attacks happen out of jealousy, anger, greed and ego issues, among other causes, and that it is not a gender-specific crime. Stakeholders greatly help in adopting strategies and measures that facilitate acid attack survivors.
随着印度与酸有关的暴力事件的增加,泼硫酸已经成为最可怕的仇恨犯罪形式之一。这一罪行主要与针对妇女的最令人发指的暴行之一有关。然而,近年来,人们观察到泼酸袭击不再是针对性别的。这项研究旨在确定人们使用酸的原因,以及攻击受害者面临的困难。委员会还建议采取行动解决这些问题,并在考虑性别问题的同时,让所有参与硫酸袭击幸存者康复工作的各方参与。研究人员采用了多案例研究方法,对22名硫酸袭击幸存者进行了彻底的半结构化访谈,并使用了二手数据来源。我们发现泼酸袭击的发生是由于嫉妒、愤怒、贪婪和自我问题,以及其他原因,而且这不是一种针对性别的犯罪。利益攸关方大力帮助采取有利于硫酸袭击幸存者的战略和措施。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Turnover Intention in Luxury Hotels: The Mediating Role of the Perceived Value of Artificial Intelligence 组织支持感知对豪华酒店员工离职意愿的影响:人工智能感知价值的中介作用
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231180435
Yanan Li, Muhammad Shahid Khan
The hotel industry’s artificial intelligence (AI) technology has increasingly become a topic of concern in academia and business circles. At the same time, scholars pay more and more attention to how AI technology affects employee turnover intention (TI). The current research empirically tested the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on TI from the perspective of employees’ perceived value of AI (PVAI). The data were collected from the in-service employees of five-star rated ‘luxury’ hotels in 28 provinces of China through questionnaires and then analysed using Smart PLS (4.0) software using the structural equation method. The results show that POS has a significant effect on employees’ TI (compared with FPOS, CPOS and APOS are more prominent), POS has a significant effect on PVAI from employees, PVAI has a significant effect on employees’ TI and plays a significant mediating role (the effect size is 50.557%) between POS and TI in luxury hotels. This study is the first to propose a conceptual model with the PVAI as the mediator and verify its rationality, which has generated significant theoretical, methodological and managerial contributions for luxury hotels in the application of AI technology.
酒店业的人工智能(AI)技术日益成为学术界和商界关注的话题。与此同时,学者们越来越关注人工智能技术对员工离职意向(TI)的影响。本研究从员工对人工智能的感知价值(PVAI)的角度,实证检验了感知组织支持(POS)对TI的影响。本研究采用问卷调查的方式对中国28个省份五星级“豪华”酒店的在职员工进行数据收集,并利用Smart PLS(4.0)软件采用结构方程法进行分析。结果表明:豪华酒店的POS对员工的TI有显著影响(与FPOS相比,CPOS和APOS更为突出),POS对员工的PVAI有显著影响,PVAI对员工的TI有显著影响,并在POS与TI之间起着显著的中介作用(效应量为50.557%)。本研究首次提出了以PVAI为中介的概念模型,并验证了其合理性,为豪华酒店在人工智能技术应用方面做出了重要的理论、方法和管理贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting of Export Prices of Indian Shrimp: An ANN Approach 印度虾出口价格预测:一种人工神经网络方法
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231186466
Naorem Dinesh Singh, Sarada C., Ramasubramanian V., N. Sivaramane, M. Krishnan, Ravichandran S., V. Kiresur, B. Gopalakrishnan
Both internal and external externalities create impediments in price determination. This is more so when a product like the Indian-farmed shrimp is entirely an export commodity. Risk and uncertainty loom large over Indian shrimp farmers at both the farm and end-consumer levels. It becomes necessary to minimize the volatility in forecasted prices to help shrimp farmers stabilize their production strategies reasonably well. Export prices of Indian Pacific white and black tiger shrimp for different count sizes were analysed for developing forecasting models for two major international markets, viz., the United States and Japan. Overall, 16 data sets were compiled for developing appropriate price forecasting models. Models were developed to forecast weekly prices of shrimp exports from India and import prices from the United States and Japan. Out of several artificial neural network (ANN) models attempted, the best ANN models were selected based on the Akaike information criterion. The ANN model captured the fibrillations and fluctuations and gave a close prediction with actual values. Since the forecasted values were accurate and in sync with real data, the values can be expected to give a correct representation of the behaviour of the markets.
内部和外部外部性都对价格决定造成障碍。当像印度养殖的虾这样的产品完全是一种出口商品时,情况就更糟了。无论是在养殖场还是最终消费者层面,风险和不确定性都笼罩着印度虾农。有必要尽量减少预测价格的波动,以帮助虾农合理地稳定其生产战略。对不同数量大小的印度太平洋白虎虾和黑虎虾的出口价格进行了分析,以便为美国和日本这两个主要国际市场开发预测模型。总的来说,编制了16组数据集,以发展适当的价格预测模型。开发了模型来预测从印度出口的虾的每周价格以及从美国和日本进口的价格。在尝试的几种人工神经网络模型中,基于赤池信息准则选出最佳的人工神经网络模型。人工神经网络模型捕获了颤振和波动,并给出了与实际值接近的预测。由于预测值是准确的,并且与实际数据同步,因此可以期望这些值能够正确地表示市场的行为。
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引用次数: 0
A Bibliometric Analysis on Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance Literature Using VOSviewer Software 基于VOSviewer软件的创业取向与绩效文献计量学分析
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231169100
N. Kaushik, R. Dangwal
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a valuable resource for the success of any business and is a key concept in the field of entrepreneurship and strategy management research. It is one of the most studied variables in the literature on entrepreneurship. There are many studies identifying the influence of EO on firm performance. The objective of this paper is to provide insight into the relevance of EO and its impact on performance by conducting a scientometric analysis of over 25 years of publications, recognizing the most eminent authors, sources, organizations, countries, and articles in this research subject. The paper makes use of the Web of Science database to access all the documents and research related to EO and performance that are available in the database from 1996 to 2021. Visualization of similarities viewer software version 1.6.18 is used to perform bibliometric analysis on available information found in the Web of Science. This research article shows the co-authorship analysis, keyword analysis, and bibliographic coupling analysis through visualization tools. This bibliographic mapping depicted the contributions of authors and countries, as well as their collaboration and publication pattern over time. Bibliometric analysis also revealed the emerging areas, topics, and trends in this research field. The findings of the study will help academics to identify future research directions and areas.
创业导向(EO)是任何企业成功的宝贵资源,是创业和战略管理研究领域的一个关键概念。这是创业文献中研究最多的变量之一。有许多研究确定了EO对公司绩效的影响。本文的目的是通过对超过25年的出版物进行科学计量分析,认识到这一研究主题中最杰出的作者、来源、组织、国家和文章,从而深入了解EO的相关性及其对绩效的影响。本文利用Web of Science数据库检索了该数据库中1996年至2021年间所有与EO和绩效相关的文献和研究。可视化相似度查看器软件版本1.6.18用于对Web of Science中发现的可用信息进行文献计量分析。本文通过可视化工具展示了合作作者分析、关键词分析和书目耦合分析。这个书目地图描绘了作者和国家的贡献,以及他们的合作和出版模式随着时间的推移。文献计量分析还揭示了该研究领域的新兴领域、主题和趋势。研究结果将有助于学术界确定未来的研究方向和领域。
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引用次数: 0
Can Brick-and-Click Stores Yield Returning Online Customers? Assessing In-house Logistics Service Quality (LSQ) of Multi-channel Retailers 实体店能带来回头客吗?多渠道零售商内部物流服务质量评价
IF 2.8 Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1177/09722629231179877
S. N. Wahab, Muhammad Iskandar Hamzah, S. Rajendran
This study aims to examine the influence of retail logistics service quality on online customer loyalty in Malaysia. In total, 372 self-administered questionnaires were collected from customers who have ordered products online from ‘brick-and-click’ supermarkets and department stores. The results show that product condition, product availability and delivery durations are significant predictors of customer loyalty. The novelty of this research lies in its strong emphasis on last-mile parcel delivery, which is a crucial aspect of order fulfilment operations, and the first-party home delivery service, which is among the earliest conducted in the region.
本研究旨在检验马来西亚零售物流服务品质对线上顾客忠诚度的影响。总共收集了372份自我填写的调查问卷,调查对象都是在实体超市和百货公司网购的顾客。结果表明,产品状况、产品可得性和交货时间是顾客忠诚的显著预测因子。这项研究的新颖之处在于它非常重视最后一英里的包裹递送,这是订单履行业务的一个关键方面,以及第一方送货上门服务,这是该地区最早开展的服务之一。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Vision-The Journal of Business Perspective
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