M. Ihnatouski, J. Pauk, Kristina Daunoravičienė, Jurgita Ziziene
Thermography is a non-invasive imaging technique that has been used for the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this research was to compare the heating rate of the proximal phalanx of the fingers and the whole palms in RA and that of healthy subjects. The study was conducted on 48 patients with high disease activity, hospitalised for RA, and 45 healthy subjects. The thermograms were taken with the FLIR camera E60bx. Subjects were instructed to immerse both hands up to the wrist in water thermostatically controlled at 0°C for 30 s. Then, the hands were pulled out of the water; the warm-up period was 180 s. Image pre-processing included: segmentation, extraction and anatomy identification. The mean value of the heating rate for whole palms and the proximal phalanx of the fingers in the RA group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). This coincides with the uneven flow of the heat-transfer blood caused by the disease. However, the difference between the heating rates of the proximal phalanx of the fingers was greater than that of the entire hand. In addition, the proximal phalanx heating rates of the second, third and fourth fingers were higher than those of the outermost two fingers. The study may be used to develop clinical tools in the detection of abnormal heat signatures in the phalanx proximal of the fingers.
{"title":"Comparing the Heating Rate of the Proximal Phalanx of the Fingers in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Subjects","authors":"M. Ihnatouski, J. Pauk, Kristina Daunoravičienė, Jurgita Ziziene","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Thermography is a non-invasive imaging technique that has been used for the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this research was to compare the heating rate of the proximal phalanx of the fingers and the whole palms in RA and that of healthy subjects. The study was conducted on 48 patients with high disease activity, hospitalised for RA, and 45 healthy subjects. The thermograms were taken with the FLIR camera E60bx. Subjects were instructed to immerse both hands up to the wrist in water thermostatically controlled at 0°C for 30 s. Then, the hands were pulled out of the water; the warm-up period was 180 s. Image pre-processing included: segmentation, extraction and anatomy identification. The mean value of the heating rate for whole palms and the proximal phalanx of the fingers in the RA group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). This coincides with the uneven flow of the heat-transfer blood caused by the disease. However, the difference between the heating rates of the proximal phalanx of the fingers was greater than that of the entire hand. In addition, the proximal phalanx heating rates of the second, third and fourth fingers were higher than those of the outermost two fingers. The study may be used to develop clinical tools in the detection of abnormal heat signatures in the phalanx proximal of the fingers.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bibin, Panitapu Bhramara, A. Mystkowski, Edison Gundabattini
Nano-enhanced refrigerants are substances in which the nanoparticles are suspended in the refrigerant at the desired concentration. They have the potential to improve the performance of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems that use vapour compression. This study focuses on the thermal conductivity of alumina (Al2O3) and cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles immersed in 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf). The thermal conductivity of nano-refrigerants was investigated using appropriate models from earlier studies where the volume concentration of particles and temperatures were varied from 1% to 5% and from 273 K to 323K, respectively. The acquired results are supported by prior experimental investigations on R134a-based nano-refrigerants undertaken by the researchers. The main investigation results indicate that the thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf and CuO/R1234yf is enhanced with the particle concentrations, interfacial layer thickness, and temperature. Also, the thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf and CuO/R1234yf decreases with particle size. The thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf and CuO/R1234yf nano-refrigerants become enhanced with a volume concentration of nano-sized particles by 41.2% and 148.1% respectively at 5% volume concentration and 323K temperature. The thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf reduces with temperature, by upto 3% of nanoparticle addition and after that, it enhances. Meanwhile, it declines with temperature, by upto 1% of CuO nanoparticle inclusion for CuO/R1234yf. CuO/R1234yf has a thermal conductivity of 16.69% greater than Al2O3/R1234yf at a 5% volume concentration. This paper also concludes that, among the models for thermal conductivity study, Stiprasert’s model is the most accurate and advanced.
{"title":"Predictive Analysis on the Influence of Al2O3 and CuO Nanoparticles on the Thermal Conductivity of R1234yf-Based Refrigerants","authors":"B. Bibin, Panitapu Bhramara, A. Mystkowski, Edison Gundabattini","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nano-enhanced refrigerants are substances in which the nanoparticles are suspended in the refrigerant at the desired concentration. They have the potential to improve the performance of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems that use vapour compression. This study focuses on the thermal conductivity of alumina (Al2O3) and cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles immersed in 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf). The thermal conductivity of nano-refrigerants was investigated using appropriate models from earlier studies where the volume concentration of particles and temperatures were varied from 1% to 5% and from 273 K to 323K, respectively. The acquired results are supported by prior experimental investigations on R134a-based nano-refrigerants undertaken by the researchers. The main investigation results indicate that the thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf and CuO/R1234yf is enhanced with the particle concentrations, interfacial layer thickness, and temperature. Also, the thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf and CuO/R1234yf decreases with particle size. The thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf and CuO/R1234yf nano-refrigerants become enhanced with a volume concentration of nano-sized particles by 41.2% and 148.1% respectively at 5% volume concentration and 323K temperature. The thermal conductivity of Al2O3/R1234yf reduces with temperature, by upto 3% of nanoparticle addition and after that, it enhances. Meanwhile, it declines with temperature, by upto 1% of CuO nanoparticle inclusion for CuO/R1234yf. CuO/R1234yf has a thermal conductivity of 16.69% greater than Al2O3/R1234yf at a 5% volume concentration. This paper also concludes that, among the models for thermal conductivity study, Stiprasert’s model is the most accurate and advanced.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Skublewska-Paszkowska, Paweł Powroźnik, R. Rejdak, K. Nowomiejska
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained a prominent role in the medical industry. The rapid development of the computer science field has caused AI to become a meaningful part of modern healthcare. Image-based analysis involving neural networks is a very important part of eye diagnoses. In this study, a new approach using Convolutional Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) U-Net was proposed for the classifying healthy cases and cases with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cone–rod dystrophy (CORD). The basis for the classification was the location of pigmentary changes within the retina and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) pattern, as the posterior pole or the periphery of the retina may be affected. The dataset, gathered in the Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology of Medical University in Lublin, consisted of 230 ultra-widefield pseudocolour (UWFP) and ultra-widefield FAF images, obtained using the Optos 200TX device (Optos PLC). The data were divided into three categories: healthy subjects (50 images), patients with CORD (48 images) and patients with RP (132 images). For applying deep learning classification, which rely on a large amount of data, the dataset was artificially enlarged using augmentation involving image manipulations. The final dataset contained 744 images. The proposed Convolutional GRU U-Net network was evaluated taking account of the following measures: accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and F1. The proposed tool achieved high accuracy in a range of 91.00%–97.90%. The developed solution has a great potential in RP diagnoses as a supporting tool.
人工智能（AI）已在医疗行业中占据重要地位。计算机科学领域的快速发展使人工智能成为现代医疗保健的重要组成部分。涉及神经网络的图像分析是眼科诊断中非常重要的一部分。本研究提出了一种使用卷积门控递归单元（GRU）U-Net 的新方法，用于对健康病例和视网膜色素变性（RP）及锥体-杆状营养不良（CORD）病例进行分类。分类的依据是视网膜内色素变化的位置和眼底自发荧光（FAF）模式，因为视网膜后极部或周边可能受到影响。数据集由卢布林医科大学普通眼科和小儿眼科教研室收集，包括230张超宽域伪彩色（UWFP）和超宽域FAF图像，这些图像是使用Optos 200TX设备（Optos PLC）获得的。数据分为三类：健康受试者（50 幅图像）、CORD 患者（48 幅图像）和 RP 患者（132 幅图像）。为了应用依赖于大量数据的深度学习分类，数据集通过涉及图像处理的增强技术进行了人为放大。最终数据集包含 744 幅图像。在对所提出的卷积 GRU U-Net 网络进行评估时，考虑了以下指标：准确度、精确度、灵敏度、特异性和 F1。所提出的工具实现了 91.00%-97.90% 的高准确率。作为一种辅助工具，所开发的解决方案在 RP 诊断中具有巨大潜力。
{"title":"Application of Convolutional Gated Recurrent Units U-Net for Distinguishing between Retinitis Pigmentosa and Cone–Rod Dystrophy","authors":"M. Skublewska-Paszkowska, Paweł Powroźnik, R. Rejdak, K. Nowomiejska","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained a prominent role in the medical industry. The rapid development of the computer science field has caused AI to become a meaningful part of modern healthcare. Image-based analysis involving neural networks is a very important part of eye diagnoses. In this study, a new approach using Convolutional Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) U-Net was proposed for the classifying healthy cases and cases with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cone–rod dystrophy (CORD). The basis for the classification was the location of pigmentary changes within the retina and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) pattern, as the posterior pole or the periphery of the retina may be affected. The dataset, gathered in the Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology of Medical University in Lublin, consisted of 230 ultra-widefield pseudocolour (UWFP) and ultra-widefield FAF images, obtained using the Optos 200TX device (Optos PLC). The data were divided into three categories: healthy subjects (50 images), patients with CORD (48 images) and patients with RP (132 images). For applying deep learning classification, which rely on a large amount of data, the dataset was artificially enlarged using augmentation involving image manipulations. The final dataset contained 744 images. The proposed Convolutional GRU U-Net network was evaluated taking account of the following measures: accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and F1. The proposed tool achieved high accuracy in a range of 91.00%–97.90%. The developed solution has a great potential in RP diagnoses as a supporting tool.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) is a process by which robots build maps of their environment and simultaneously determine their location and orientation in the environment. In recent years, SLAM research has advanced quickly. Researchers are currently working on developing reliable and accurate visual SLAM algorithms dealing with dynamic environments. The steps involved in developing a SLAM system are described in this article. We explore the most-recent methods used in SLAM systems, including probabilistic methods, visual methods, and deep learning (DL) methods. We also discuss the fundamental techniques utilised in SLAM fields.
同步定位和绘图（SLAM）是机器人建立环境地图并同时确定其在环境中的位置和方向的过程。近年来，SLAM 研究进展迅速。目前，研究人员正致力于开发可靠、精确的视觉 SLAM 算法，以应对动态环境。本文介绍了开发 SLAM 系统的步骤。我们探讨了 SLAM 系统中使用的最新方法，包括概率方法、视觉方法和深度学习 (DL) 方法。我们还讨论了 SLAM 领域使用的基本技术。
{"title":"Visual Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping Methodologies","authors":"Zoulikha Bouhamatou, Foudil Abdessemed","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) is a process by which robots build maps of their environment and simultaneously determine their location and orientation in the environment. In recent years, SLAM research has advanced quickly. Researchers are currently working on developing reliable and accurate visual SLAM algorithms dealing with dynamic environments. The steps involved in developing a SLAM system are described in this article. We explore the most-recent methods used in SLAM systems, including probabilistic methods, visual methods, and deep learning (DL) methods. We also discuss the fundamental techniques utilised in SLAM fields.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Soori, Fooad Karimi Ghaleh Jough, Roza Dastres, B. Arezoo
Robotics and automation have significantly transformed Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining operations, enhancing productivity, precision, and efficiency. Robots are employed to load and unload raw materials, workpieces, and finished parts onto CNC machines. They can efficiently handle heavy and bulky components, reducing the demand of manual labour and minimizing the risk of injuries. Robots can also be used in CNC machine tools to perform tasks such as automatic tool changing system, part inspection, and workpiece positioning. Automation technologies, including in-line inspection systems and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, can be integrated into CNC machining cells to enhance accuracy and reduce scrap and rework in machining operations. These systems collect real-time data on process parameters and machine tool performance to predict maintenance, optimize machining parameters, and improve overall efficiency. In the current study, applications of robotics and automation in the modification of CNC machine tools are reviewed and discussed. Different applications of robotics and automation in CNC machine tools, such as automated material handling, automatic tool changing, robotic work cells, adaptive machining, machine tending, quality inspection, data monitoring and analysis, and production line integration, are discussed. Thus, by analysing recent achievements in published papers, new ideas and concepts of future research works are suggested. As a result, accuracy as well as productivity in the process of part production can be enhanced by applying robotics and automation in CNC machining operations.
{"title":"Robotical Automation in CNC Machine Tools: A Review","authors":"Mohsen Soori, Fooad Karimi Ghaleh Jough, Roza Dastres, B. Arezoo","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Robotics and automation have significantly transformed Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining operations, enhancing productivity, precision, and efficiency. Robots are employed to load and unload raw materials, workpieces, and finished parts onto CNC machines. They can efficiently handle heavy and bulky components, reducing the demand of manual labour and minimizing the risk of injuries. Robots can also be used in CNC machine tools to perform tasks such as automatic tool changing system, part inspection, and workpiece positioning. Automation technologies, including in-line inspection systems and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, can be integrated into CNC machining cells to enhance accuracy and reduce scrap and rework in machining operations. These systems collect real-time data on process parameters and machine tool performance to predict maintenance, optimize machining parameters, and improve overall efficiency. In the current study, applications of robotics and automation in the modification of CNC machine tools are reviewed and discussed. Different applications of robotics and automation in CNC machine tools, such as automated material handling, automatic tool changing, robotic work cells, adaptive machining, machine tending, quality inspection, data monitoring and analysis, and production line integration, are discussed. Thus, by analysing recent achievements in published papers, new ideas and concepts of future research works are suggested. As a result, accuracy as well as productivity in the process of part production can be enhanced by applying robotics and automation in CNC machining operations.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aladag, Monika Bernacka, Adrian Dubicki, Izabela Zgłobicka
The objective of this study was to investigate pore shape effect on resistance to compression of open porosity lattice structures obtained with 3D printing. To this end, three distinct pore architectures were investigated: ellipsoidal, helical and X-shape. Open porosity of these structures was 54%, 50% and 60%, respectively. Their mechanical properties were evaluated through compression tests, and their behaviours were analysed using finite element modelling (FEM). The results indicated that the pore size has a significant effect on the stiffness of cellular structures. It was observed that the helical structure exhibited superior properties among the structures tested due to homogenous stress distribution. It was also found that ellipsoidal and x-shape structures are much more sensitive to localisation of the deformation.
本研究的目的是研究孔隙形状对三维打印获得的开放孔隙晶格结构抗压性的影响。为此，研究了三种不同的孔隙结构：椭圆形、螺旋形和 X 形。这些结构的开放孔隙率分别为 54%、50% 和 60%。通过压缩试验评估了它们的机械性能，并使用有限元建模（FEM）分析了它们的行为。结果表明，孔隙大小对蜂窝结构的刚度有显著影响。据观察，由于应力分布均匀，螺旋结构在所测试的结构中表现出更优越的性能。研究还发现，椭圆形和 x 形结构对局部变形更为敏感。
{"title":"Effect of Pore Architecture of 3D Printed Open Porosity Cellular Structures on Their Resistance to Mechanical Loading: Part II – Numerical Analysis","authors":"M. Aladag, Monika Bernacka, Adrian Dubicki, Izabela Zgłobicka","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this study was to investigate pore shape effect on resistance to compression of open porosity lattice structures obtained with 3D printing. To this end, three distinct pore architectures were investigated: ellipsoidal, helical and X-shape. Open porosity of these structures was 54%, 50% and 60%, respectively. Their mechanical properties were evaluated through compression tests, and their behaviours were analysed using finite element modelling (FEM). The results indicated that the pore size has a significant effect on the stiffness of cellular structures. It was observed that the helical structure exhibited superior properties among the structures tested due to homogenous stress distribution. It was also found that ellipsoidal and x-shape structures are much more sensitive to localisation of the deformation.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Borowska, Bernard Turek, P. Lipowicz, T. Jasiński, K. Skierbiszewska, M. Domino
Background: As high-performance human and equine athletes train and compete at the highest level of effort, the prevention of high-performance-cased diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), requires knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the subjected bones. Objective: Implementation of the scaled–pixel–counting protocol to quantify the radiological features of anatomical structures of the normal equine tarsal joint as the first step in the prevention of the tarsal joints OA in high-performance sport horses. Methods: A radiographic examination was performed in six cadaverous equine pelvic limbs. The dorso–plantar projection of the tarsal joint was performed using density standard (DS) attached to the radiographic cassette, standard X-ray equipment and standard diagnostic imaging protocol. On each of the radiographs, pixel brightness (PB) was extracted for each of the 10 steps (S1–S10) of DS. On each of the radiographs, seven regions of interest (ROIs) were annotated representing four bones (II tarsal bone [II TB], III tarsal bone [III TB], IV tarsal bone [IV TB] and central tarsal bone [CTB]) and three joints (proximal intertarsal joint [PIJ], distal intertarsal joint [DIJ] and tarsometatarsal joint [TMJ]), respectively. For each ROI, the percentage (%) of number of pixels (NP) from each range was calculated. Results: The % of NP was lower in bones than in joint spaces for S1–S6 and was higher in bones than in joint spaces for S8–S10. The % of NP was higher in PIJ than TMJ for S1 and higher in PIJ than DIJ for S4. No differences were found between consecutive bones for all examined steps of DS. Conclusions: An application of the scaled–pixel–counting protocol provides the quantitative radiological features of normal bone and joint structures of the tarsal joint in horses, making possible differentiation of the lucency of joint space and opacity of bone structure.
{"title":"An Application of the Scaled–Pixel–Counting Protocol to Quantify the Radiological Features of Anatomical Structures of the Normal Tarsal Joint in Horses","authors":"M. Borowska, Bernard Turek, P. Lipowicz, T. Jasiński, K. Skierbiszewska, M. Domino","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: As high-performance human and equine athletes train and compete at the highest level of effort, the prevention of high-performance-cased diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), requires knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the subjected bones.\u0000 Objective: Implementation of the scaled–pixel–counting protocol to quantify the radiological features of anatomical structures of the normal equine tarsal joint as the first step in the prevention of the tarsal joints OA in high-performance sport horses.\u0000 Methods: A radiographic examination was performed in six cadaverous equine pelvic limbs. The dorso–plantar projection of the tarsal joint was performed using density standard (DS) attached to the radiographic cassette, standard X-ray equipment and standard diagnostic imaging protocol. On each of the radiographs, pixel brightness (PB) was extracted for each of the 10 steps (S1–S10) of DS. On each of the radiographs, seven regions of interest (ROIs) were annotated representing four bones (II tarsal bone [II TB], III tarsal bone [III TB], IV tarsal bone [IV TB] and central tarsal bone [CTB]) and three joints (proximal intertarsal joint [PIJ], distal intertarsal joint [DIJ] and tarsometatarsal joint [TMJ]), respectively. For each ROI, the percentage (%) of number of pixels (NP) from each range was calculated.\u0000 Results: The % of NP was lower in bones than in joint spaces for S1–S6 and was higher in bones than in joint spaces for S8–S10. The % of NP was higher in PIJ than TMJ for S1 and higher in PIJ than DIJ for S4. No differences were found between consecutive bones for all examined steps of DS.\u0000 Conclusions: An application of the scaled–pixel–counting protocol provides the quantitative radiological features of normal bone and joint structures of the tarsal joint in horses, making possible differentiation of the lucency of joint space and opacity of bone structure.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Plonis, Edas Kalinauskas, A. Katkevičius, A. Krukonis
This study explores the practical application and impact of bioimpedance analysis in mobile devices for monitoring human health. The objective of the study is to propose a feasible application of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis by using the tetrapolar electrode connection method and the Cole–Cole model. Bioimpedance measurements and the calculation of electrical parameters are performed using ANSYS HFSS software for theoretical calculations and digital signal processing technology for real-time measurements using hardware devices. The study focuses on a model of the front arm, including tissues such as bone, fat, muscles, arteries and skin, with glucose concentrations as test cases. The simulated characteristic impedance with the ANSYS HFSS software package at 125 kHz varied from 315.8 Ω to 312.6 Ω, and the measured forearm characteristic impedance with hardware varied from 150.1 Ω to 151.3 Ω. The measured characteristic impedance when the heart is in systole and diastole also differed, with a difference of about 0.85% of the maximum impedance measured. The study demonstrates the potential of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis to address health issues such as obesity and heart disease. It also highlights its usefulness as a non-invasive alternative for measuring glucose concentration in diabetic patients to reduce the risk of infection. The findings indicate the feasibility of using bioimpedance analysis in mobile devices for health monitoring purposes.
{"title":"Non-Invasive Analysis of the Bioelectrical Impedance of a Human Forearm","authors":"D. Plonis, Edas Kalinauskas, A. Katkevičius, A. Krukonis","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study explores the practical application and impact of bioimpedance analysis in mobile devices for monitoring human health. The objective of the study is to propose a feasible application of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis by using the tetrapolar electrode connection method and the Cole–Cole model. Bioimpedance measurements and the calculation of electrical parameters are performed using ANSYS HFSS software for theoretical calculations and digital signal processing technology for real-time measurements using hardware devices. The study focuses on a model of the front arm, including tissues such as bone, fat, muscles, arteries and skin, with glucose concentrations as test cases. The simulated characteristic impedance with the ANSYS HFSS software package at 125 kHz varied from 315.8 Ω to 312.6 Ω, and the measured forearm characteristic impedance with hardware varied from 150.1 Ω to 151.3 Ω. The measured characteristic impedance when the heart is in systole and diastole also differed, with a difference of about 0.85% of the maximum impedance measured. The study demonstrates the potential of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis to address health issues such as obesity and heart disease. It also highlights its usefulness as a non-invasive alternative for measuring glucose concentration in diabetic patients to reduce the risk of infection. The findings indicate the feasibility of using bioimpedance analysis in mobile devices for health monitoring purposes.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports on the tribological behaviour of sliding surfaces having cross-shaped micro-dimples on a surface. One wall is smooth and moving at a constant speed against the other fixed wall with dimples. The laser machine helps to create the desired dimples on the surface of the fixed wall. For the purpose of generating hydrodynamic pressure and tribological behaviour, the effects of cross-shaped dimples and oriented cross-shaped dimples have been compared with circular-shaped dimples. Additionally, the impact of sliding speed, dimple area density and depth on tribological behaviour was examined. The findings show that compared with a circular-shaped dimple, an unconventional cross-shaped and orientated cross-shaped dimple generates a higher net hydrodynamic pressure in the fluid domain and offers superior stability between the sliding surfaces. It has been demonstrated that geometrical factors like dimple depth and area density as well as operational factors like sliding speed have a substantial impact on the hydrodynamic average pressure and tribological behaviour of sliding surfaces. The experimental findings indicate that, for the same geometric and operating parameters, cross- and orientated cross-shaped dimples have a 20%–25% lower friction coefficient between the sliding surfaces than circular dimples. The results of the experiment support those of the analysis and CFD.
{"title":"Tribological Behaviour of Cross-Shaped Dimples on Sliding Surfaces Under Hydrodynamic Lubrication","authors":"H. Gangadia, S. Sheth","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study reports on the tribological behaviour of sliding surfaces having cross-shaped micro-dimples on a surface. One wall is smooth and moving at a constant speed against the other fixed wall with dimples. The laser machine helps to create the desired dimples on the surface of the fixed wall. For the purpose of generating hydrodynamic pressure and tribological behaviour, the effects of cross-shaped dimples and oriented cross-shaped dimples have been compared with circular-shaped dimples. Additionally, the impact of sliding speed, dimple area density and depth on tribological behaviour was examined. The findings show that compared with a circular-shaped dimple, an unconventional cross-shaped and orientated cross-shaped dimple generates a higher net hydrodynamic pressure in the fluid domain and offers superior stability between the sliding surfaces. It has been demonstrated that geometrical factors like dimple depth and area density as well as operational factors like sliding speed have a substantial impact on the hydrodynamic average pressure and tribological behaviour of sliding surfaces. The experimental findings indicate that, for the same geometric and operating parameters, cross- and orientated cross-shaped dimples have a 20%–25% lower friction coefficient between the sliding surfaces than circular dimples. The results of the experiment support those of the analysis and CFD.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Manafian, Walla Rahim Juadih, Amitha Manmohan Rao, Baharak Eslami, Natavan Allahverdiyeva, Parvin Mustafayeva
In this paper, the thin-film ferroelectric material equation (TFFME), which enables the propagation of solitary polarisation in thin-film ferroelectric materials is investigated, will be expressed through the non-linear evolution models. Ferroelectrics are dielectric materials that explain wave propagation non-linear demeanors. The non-linear wave propagation form is administrated by TFFME. To investigate the characterisations of new waves and solitonic properties of the TFFME, the modified exponential Jacobi technique and rational exp(−ϕ(η))-expansion technique are used. Plenty of alternative responses may be achieved by employing individual formulas; each of these solutions is offered by some plain graphs. The validity of such schemes and solutions may be exhibited by assessing how well the relevant schemes and solutions match up. The effect of the free variables on the manner of acting of reached plots to a few solutions in the exact forms was also explored depending upon the nature of non-linearities. The descriptive characteristics of the reached results are presented and analysed by some density, two- and three-dimensional figures. We believe that our results would pave the way for future research generating optical memories based on non-linear solitons.
{"title":"New Solitary Waves for Thin-Film Ferroelectric Material Equation Arising in Dielectric Materials","authors":"J. Manafian, Walla Rahim Juadih, Amitha Manmohan Rao, Baharak Eslami, Natavan Allahverdiyeva, Parvin Mustafayeva","doi":"10.2478/ama-2024-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2024-0041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, the thin-film ferroelectric material equation (TFFME), which enables the propagation of solitary polarisation in thin-film ferroelectric materials is investigated, will be expressed through the non-linear evolution models. Ferroelectrics are dielectric materials that explain wave propagation non-linear demeanors. The non-linear wave propagation form is administrated by TFFME. To investigate the characterisations of new waves and solitonic properties of the TFFME, the modified exponential Jacobi technique and rational exp(−ϕ(η))-expansion technique are used. Plenty of alternative responses may be achieved by employing individual formulas; each of these solutions is offered by some plain graphs. The validity of such schemes and solutions may be exhibited by assessing how well the relevant schemes and solutions match up. The effect of the free variables on the manner of acting of reached plots to a few solutions in the exact forms was also explored depending upon the nature of non-linearities. The descriptive characteristics of the reached results are presented and analysed by some density, two- and three-dimensional figures. We believe that our results would pave the way for future research generating optical memories based on non-linear solitons.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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