Bouchmel Mliki, Rached Miri, R. Djebali, M. A. Abbassi
Abstract The present study explores magnetic nanoliquid mixed convection in a double lid–driven U-shaped enclosure with discrete heating using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) numerical method. The nanoliquid thermal conductivity and viscosity are calculated using the Maxwell and Brinkman models respectively. Nanoliquid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and mixed convection are analyzed and entropy generation minimisation has been studied. The presented results for isotherms, stream isolines and entropy generation describe the interaction between the various physical phenomena inherent to the problem including the buoyancy, magnetic and shear forces. The operating parameters’ ranges are: Reynolds number (Re: 1–100), Hartman number (Ha: 0–80), magnetic field inclination (γ: 0°– 90°), nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ: 0–0.04) and inclination angle (α: 0°– 90°). It was found that the Num and the total entropy generation augment by increasing Re, ϕ: and γ. conversely, an opposite effect was obtained by increasing Ha and α. The optimum magnetic field and cavity inclination angles to maximum heat transfer are γ = 90° and α = 0.
{"title":"CuO–Water MHD Mixed Convection Analysis and Entropy Generation Minimization in Double-Lid–Driven U-Shaped Enclosure with Discrete Heating","authors":"Bouchmel Mliki, Rached Miri, R. Djebali, M. A. Abbassi","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study explores magnetic nanoliquid mixed convection in a double lid–driven U-shaped enclosure with discrete heating using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) numerical method. The nanoliquid thermal conductivity and viscosity are calculated using the Maxwell and Brinkman models respectively. Nanoliquid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and mixed convection are analyzed and entropy generation minimisation has been studied. The presented results for isotherms, stream isolines and entropy generation describe the interaction between the various physical phenomena inherent to the problem including the buoyancy, magnetic and shear forces. The operating parameters’ ranges are: Reynolds number (Re: 1–100), Hartman number (Ha: 0–80), magnetic field inclination (γ: 0°– 90°), nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ: 0–0.04) and inclination angle (α: 0°– 90°). It was found that the Num and the total entropy generation augment by increasing Re, ϕ: and γ. conversely, an opposite effect was obtained by increasing Ha and α. The optimum magnetic field and cavity inclination angles to maximum heat transfer are γ = 90° and α = 0.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43254137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper concerns modelling the dynamics of the contact system of the tested sample with an elastic half-space (anvil) during their collision. The original elements in the paper include the proposed general approach to solving the problem of contact dynamics. The presented approach consists in determining the force of impact on the sample during the collision and the joint solution of the problem for the tested sample and the problem for an elastic semi-space under the conditions of the assumptions of Hertz’s theory. The resulting interaction forces allow the determination of displacements and stresses.
{"title":"Research of Dynamic Processes in an Anvil During a Collision with a Sample","authors":"Y. Pyr’yev, A. Penkul, L. Cybula","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper concerns modelling the dynamics of the contact system of the tested sample with an elastic half-space (anvil) during their collision. The original elements in the paper include the proposed general approach to solving the problem of contact dynamics. The presented approach consists in determining the force of impact on the sample during the collision and the joint solution of the problem for the tested sample and the problem for an elastic semi-space under the conditions of the assumptions of Hertz’s theory. The resulting interaction forces allow the determination of displacements and stresses.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the distribution of transverse stiffness of cylindrical compression helical springs with selected values of geometric parameters. The influence of the number of active coils and the design of the end coils on the transverse stiffness distribution was investigated. Experimental tests were carried out for 18 sets of spring samples that differed in the number of active coils, end-coil design and spring index, and three measurements were taken per sample, at two values of static axial deflection. The transverse stiffness in the radial directions were tested at every 30° angle. A total of 1,296 measurements were taken, from which the transverse stiffness distributions were determined. It was shown that depending on the direction of deflection, the differences between the highest and lowest value of transverse stiffness of a given spring can exceed 25%. The experimental results were compared with the results of the formulas for transverse stiffness available in the literature. It was shown that in the case of springs with a small number of active coils, discrepancies between the average transverse stiffness of a given spring and the transverse stiffness calculated based on literature relations can reach several tens of percent. Analysis of the results of the tests carried out allowed conclusions to be drawn, making it possible to estimate the suitability of a given computational model for determining the transverse stiffness of a spring with given geometrical parameters.
{"title":"Experimental Analysis of Transverse Stiffness Distribution of Helical Compression Springs","authors":"R. Baran, K. Michalczyk, M. Warzecha","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the distribution of transverse stiffness of cylindrical compression helical springs with selected values of geometric parameters. The influence of the number of active coils and the design of the end coils on the transverse stiffness distribution was investigated. Experimental tests were carried out for 18 sets of spring samples that differed in the number of active coils, end-coil design and spring index, and three measurements were taken per sample, at two values of static axial deflection. The transverse stiffness in the radial directions were tested at every 30° angle. A total of 1,296 measurements were taken, from which the transverse stiffness distributions were determined. It was shown that depending on the direction of deflection, the differences between the highest and lowest value of transverse stiffness of a given spring can exceed 25%. The experimental results were compared with the results of the formulas for transverse stiffness available in the literature. It was shown that in the case of springs with a small number of active coils, discrepancies between the average transverse stiffness of a given spring and the transverse stiffness calculated based on literature relations can reach several tens of percent. Analysis of the results of the tests carried out allowed conclusions to be drawn, making it possible to estimate the suitability of a given computational model for determining the transverse stiffness of a spring with given geometrical parameters.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45785116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Throughout the years, many control strategies for adjustable dampers have been proposed, designed to boost the performance characteristics of a vehicle. Comfort control strategies such as Skyhook (SH), acceleration-driven damping or power-driven damping have been tested many times using simulation models of vehicles. Those tests, however, were carried out using simplified damper models – linear or simple bilinear with symmetric characteristics. This article presents the results of examination of the influence of using more complex damper models, with friction, hysteresis and time delay of state switching implemented, on the chosen dynamic responses of a suspension system for excitations in the typical exploitation frequency range. The results of the test are compared with those found in the literature and with the results of simulations performed with a simplified version of the advanced model used. The main conclusion is that friction and hysteresis add extra force to the already existing damping force, acting like a damping increase for all analysed control strategies. The actuation delays limit the effectiveness in a sense of comfort increasing to only some frequencies. The research shows the importance of including the proposed modules in testing for both adjustable and passive dampers.
{"title":"Comparison of Vehicle Suspension Dynamic Responses for Simplified and Advanced Adjustable Damper Models with Friction, Hysteresis and Actuation Delay for Different Comfort-Oriented Control Strategies","authors":"Z. Klockiewicz, G. Ślaski","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Throughout the years, many control strategies for adjustable dampers have been proposed, designed to boost the performance characteristics of a vehicle. Comfort control strategies such as Skyhook (SH), acceleration-driven damping or power-driven damping have been tested many times using simulation models of vehicles. Those tests, however, were carried out using simplified damper models – linear or simple bilinear with symmetric characteristics. This article presents the results of examination of the influence of using more complex damper models, with friction, hysteresis and time delay of state switching implemented, on the chosen dynamic responses of a suspension system for excitations in the typical exploitation frequency range. The results of the test are compared with those found in the literature and with the results of simulations performed with a simplified version of the advanced model used. The main conclusion is that friction and hysteresis add extra force to the already existing damping force, acting like a damping increase for all analysed control strategies. The actuation delays limit the effectiveness in a sense of comfort increasing to only some frequencies. The research shows the importance of including the proposed modules in testing for both adjustable and passive dampers.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Values of energy supply and demand vary within the same timeframe and are not equal. Consequently, to minimise the amount of energy wasted, there is a need to use various types of energy storing systems. Recently, one can observe a trend in which phase change materials (PCM) have gained popularity as materials that can store an excess of heat energy. In this research, the authors analysed paraffin wax (cheese wax)’s capability as a PCM energy storing material for a low temperature energy-storage device. Due to the relatively low thermal conductivity of wax, the authors also analysed open-cell ceramic Al2O3/SiC composite foams’ (in which the PCM was dispersed) influence on heat exchange process. Thermal analysis on paraffin wax was performed, determining its specific heat in liquid and solid state, latent heat (LH) of melting, melting temperature and thermal conductivity. Thermal tests were also performed on thermal energy container (with built-in PCM and ceramic foams) for transient heat transfer. Heat transfer coefficient and value of accumulated energy amount were determined.
{"title":"Thermal Performance of the Thermal Storage Energy with Phase Change Material","authors":"P. Bałon, B. Kiełbasa, Ł. Kowalski, R. Smusz","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Values of energy supply and demand vary within the same timeframe and are not equal. Consequently, to minimise the amount of energy wasted, there is a need to use various types of energy storing systems. Recently, one can observe a trend in which phase change materials (PCM) have gained popularity as materials that can store an excess of heat energy. In this research, the authors analysed paraffin wax (cheese wax)’s capability as a PCM energy storing material for a low temperature energy-storage device. Due to the relatively low thermal conductivity of wax, the authors also analysed open-cell ceramic Al2O3/SiC composite foams’ (in which the PCM was dispersed) influence on heat exchange process. Thermal analysis on paraffin wax was performed, determining its specific heat in liquid and solid state, latent heat (LH) of melting, melting temperature and thermal conductivity. Thermal tests were also performed on thermal energy container (with built-in PCM and ceramic foams) for transient heat transfer. Heat transfer coefficient and value of accumulated energy amount were determined.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Dižo, M. Blatnický, P. Droździel, R. Melnik, J. Caban, Adam Kafrik
Abstract Passenger cars are a means of transportation used widely for various purposes. The category that a vehicle belongs to is largely responsible for determining its size and storage capacity. There are situations when the capacity of a passenger vehicle is not sufficient. On the one hand, this insufficient capacity is related to a paucity in the space needed for stowing luggage. It is possible to mount a rooftop cargo carrier or a roof basket on the roof of a vehicle. If a vehicle is equipped with a towbar, a towbar cargo carrier can be used for improving its space capacity. These accessories, however, offer limited additional space, and the maximal load is determined by the maximal payload of the concerned vehicle. If, on the other hand, there is a requirement for transporting a load with a mass or dimensions that are greater than what could be supported using these accessories, then, provided the vehicle is equipped with a towbar, a trailer represents an elegant solution for such demanding requirements. A standard flat trailer allows the transportation of goods of various characters, such as goods on pallets, bulk material, etc. However, the towing of a trailer changes the distribution of the loads, together with changes of loads of individual axes of the vehicle–trailer axles. The distribution of the loads is one of the key factors affecting the driving properties of a vehicle–trailer combination in terms of driving stability, which is mainly a function of the distribution of the load on the trailer. This research introduces a study into how the distribution of the load on a trailer influences the driving stability of a vehicle–trailer combination. The research activities are based on simulation computations performed in a commercial multibody software. While the results presented in the article are reached for a particular vehicle–trailer combination as well as for a particular set of driving conditions, the applicability of the findings can also be extended more generally to the impact that the load distributions corresponding to various vehicle–trailer combinations have on the related parameters and other driving properties.
{"title":"Investigation of Driving Stability of a Vehicle–Trailer Combination Depending on the Load’s Position Within the Trailer","authors":"J. Dižo, M. Blatnický, P. Droździel, R. Melnik, J. Caban, Adam Kafrik","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Passenger cars are a means of transportation used widely for various purposes. The category that a vehicle belongs to is largely responsible for determining its size and storage capacity. There are situations when the capacity of a passenger vehicle is not sufficient. On the one hand, this insufficient capacity is related to a paucity in the space needed for stowing luggage. It is possible to mount a rooftop cargo carrier or a roof basket on the roof of a vehicle. If a vehicle is equipped with a towbar, a towbar cargo carrier can be used for improving its space capacity. These accessories, however, offer limited additional space, and the maximal load is determined by the maximal payload of the concerned vehicle. If, on the other hand, there is a requirement for transporting a load with a mass or dimensions that are greater than what could be supported using these accessories, then, provided the vehicle is equipped with a towbar, a trailer represents an elegant solution for such demanding requirements. A standard flat trailer allows the transportation of goods of various characters, such as goods on pallets, bulk material, etc. However, the towing of a trailer changes the distribution of the loads, together with changes of loads of individual axes of the vehicle–trailer axles. The distribution of the loads is one of the key factors affecting the driving properties of a vehicle–trailer combination in terms of driving stability, which is mainly a function of the distribution of the load on the trailer. This research introduces a study into how the distribution of the load on a trailer influences the driving stability of a vehicle–trailer combination. The research activities are based on simulation computations performed in a commercial multibody software. While the results presented in the article are reached for a particular vehicle–trailer combination as well as for a particular set of driving conditions, the applicability of the findings can also be extended more generally to the impact that the load distributions corresponding to various vehicle–trailer combinations have on the related parameters and other driving properties.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43913314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract According to the Green Deal, the carbon neutrality of the European Union (EU) should be reached partly by the transition from fossil fuels to alternative renewable sources. However, fossil fuels still play an essential role in energy production, and are widely used in the world with no alternative to be completely replaced with, so far. In recent years, we have observed the rapidly growing prices of commodities such as oil or gas. The analysis of past fossil fuels consumption might contribute significantly to the responsible formulation of the energy policy of each country, reflected in policies of related organisations and the industrial sector. Over the years, a number of papers have been published on modelling production and consumption of fossil and renewable energy sources on the level of national economics, industrial sectors and households, exploiting and comparing a variety of approaches. In this paper, we model the consumption of fossil fuels (gas and coal) in Slovakia based on the annual data during the years 1965–2020. To our knowledge, no such model, which analyses historical data and provides forecasts for future consumption of gas and coal, respectively, in Slovakia, is currently available in the literature. For building the model, we have used the Box–Jenkins methodology. Because of the presence of trend in the data, we have considered the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA (p,d,q)) model. By fitting models with various combinations of parameters p, d, q, the best fitting model has been chosen based on the value of Akaike’s information criterion. According to this, the model for coal consumption is ARIMA(0, 2, 1) and for gas consumption it is ARIMA(2, 2, 2).
{"title":"Time Series Analysis of Fossil Fuels Consumption in Slovakia by Arima Model","authors":"M. Michalková, I. Pobočíková","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to the Green Deal, the carbon neutrality of the European Union (EU) should be reached partly by the transition from fossil fuels to alternative renewable sources. However, fossil fuels still play an essential role in energy production, and are widely used in the world with no alternative to be completely replaced with, so far. In recent years, we have observed the rapidly growing prices of commodities such as oil or gas. The analysis of past fossil fuels consumption might contribute significantly to the responsible formulation of the energy policy of each country, reflected in policies of related organisations and the industrial sector. Over the years, a number of papers have been published on modelling production and consumption of fossil and renewable energy sources on the level of national economics, industrial sectors and households, exploiting and comparing a variety of approaches. In this paper, we model the consumption of fossil fuels (gas and coal) in Slovakia based on the annual data during the years 1965–2020. To our knowledge, no such model, which analyses historical data and provides forecasts for future consumption of gas and coal, respectively, in Slovakia, is currently available in the literature. For building the model, we have used the Box–Jenkins methodology. Because of the presence of trend in the data, we have considered the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA (p,d,q)) model. By fitting models with various combinations of parameters p, d, q, the best fitting model has been chosen based on the value of Akaike’s information criterion. According to this, the model for coal consumption is ARIMA(0, 2, 1) and for gas consumption it is ARIMA(2, 2, 2).","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Odyjas, J. Więckowski, D. Pietrusiak, P. Moczko
Abstract This article presents a description of design work for newly created centrifugal fans. This was done based on the example of an innovative solution that uses a change in impeller geometry. In the described solution, this is achieved by shortening and lengthening the impeller blades. The development of a technical solution with such properties requires a change of approach in the design process compared with classic solutions. Therefore, the following text describes this process from the concept stage to demonstrator tests. The principle of operation of such a solution is presented and the assumptions made based on analytical calculations are also described. The text also shows a 3D model of the centrifugal fan with variable impeller geometry, made with the help of computer aided design (CAD) tools. In the further part, numerical calculations were made on its basis. The finite element method (FEM) calculation made it possible to verify the structural strength of the project and its modal properties as well as to verify flow parameters, thanks to the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. The next step describes the procedure for testing centrifugal fans with variable rotor geometry, which is different from that of fans without this feature. The next part presents the results of research from the tests carried out.
{"title":"Challenges in the Design of a New Centrifugal Fan with Variable Impeller Geometry","authors":"P. Odyjas, J. Więckowski, D. Pietrusiak, P. Moczko","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a description of design work for newly created centrifugal fans. This was done based on the example of an innovative solution that uses a change in impeller geometry. In the described solution, this is achieved by shortening and lengthening the impeller blades. The development of a technical solution with such properties requires a change of approach in the design process compared with classic solutions. Therefore, the following text describes this process from the concept stage to demonstrator tests. The principle of operation of such a solution is presented and the assumptions made based on analytical calculations are also described. The text also shows a 3D model of the centrifugal fan with variable impeller geometry, made with the help of computer aided design (CAD) tools. In the further part, numerical calculations were made on its basis. The finite element method (FEM) calculation made it possible to verify the structural strength of the project and its modal properties as well as to verify flow parameters, thanks to the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. The next step describes the procedure for testing centrifugal fans with variable rotor geometry, which is different from that of fans without this feature. The next part presents the results of research from the tests carried out.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42292784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Rybak, Z. Hryciów, B. Michałowski, A. Wiśniewski
Abstract The operation of high-speed tracked vehicles takes place in difficult terrain conditions. Hence, to obtain a high operational reliability, the design or modernisation process must be precise and should consider even the slightest details. The article presents issues related to the problem of formulating vehicle models using partial models of flexible elements used in tracked mechanisms. Changes occurring in the shape and properties of elements such as track pads and roadwheel bandages as a consequence of operating conditions are presented. These changes are reflected in the presented elastic–damping characteristics of components of the crawler mechanism. Numerical studies have shown that deterioration of chassis suspension components after a significant mileage may increase dynamic loads (forces) acting on the running gear. Increased forces in the running gear naturally result in increased stresses in the road surface on which the vehicle is travelling, which can pose a danger (or excessive wear and tear) to road infrastructure components such as culverts, bridges and viaducts. In the literature, model tests of objects are carried out on models that represent new vehicles, and the characteristics of the adopted elements correspond to elements not affected by the process and operating conditions. Its influence should not be ignored in the design, testing and running of a special vehicle. The tracked mechanism, as running gear, is designed for special high-speed vehicles for off-road and off-road driving. Its design ensures high off-road traversability. The dynamic loads originating from off-road driving are superimposed on those generated by the engine, drive train and interaction of the tracks with the roadwheels, sprocket, idler and supporting tracks return rollers.
{"title":"Assessment of the Impact of Wear and Tear of Rubber Elements in Tracked Mechanism on the Dynamic Loads of High-Speed Tracked Vehicles","authors":"P. Rybak, Z. Hryciów, B. Michałowski, A. Wiśniewski","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The operation of high-speed tracked vehicles takes place in difficult terrain conditions. Hence, to obtain a high operational reliability, the design or modernisation process must be precise and should consider even the slightest details. The article presents issues related to the problem of formulating vehicle models using partial models of flexible elements used in tracked mechanisms. Changes occurring in the shape and properties of elements such as track pads and roadwheel bandages as a consequence of operating conditions are presented. These changes are reflected in the presented elastic–damping characteristics of components of the crawler mechanism. Numerical studies have shown that deterioration of chassis suspension components after a significant mileage may increase dynamic loads (forces) acting on the running gear. Increased forces in the running gear naturally result in increased stresses in the road surface on which the vehicle is travelling, which can pose a danger (or excessive wear and tear) to road infrastructure components such as culverts, bridges and viaducts. In the literature, model tests of objects are carried out on models that represent new vehicles, and the characteristics of the adopted elements correspond to elements not affected by the process and operating conditions. Its influence should not be ignored in the design, testing and running of a special vehicle. The tracked mechanism, as running gear, is designed for special high-speed vehicles for off-road and off-road driving. Its design ensures high off-road traversability. The dynamic loads originating from off-road driving are superimposed on those generated by the engine, drive train and interaction of the tracks with the roadwheels, sprocket, idler and supporting tracks return rollers.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Regenerative braking is a technique that employs electric motors to convert the dynamic mechanical energy from the motor’s spinning rotor and any attached loads into electricity. However, such a type of regenerative braking can only slow but not stop the vehicle because there is too little energy to excite the motor acting as a generator at low speeds. Therefore, this paper presents a unique flywheel-based regenerative braking system for railway vehicles. This system is supposed to meet high safety and comfort expectations in all operating conditions. The braking action control of this system should allow braking of empty or loaded vehicles according to load, the anti-blockage braking action of wheels and prevent wheel-slide during braking or wheel slip during acceleration. The new regenerative braking system under development, like any kinetic energy recovery system, requires the application of continuously variable transmission. The essence of the new solution is to design and build this type of variable transmission using only one planetary gear controlled through the powertrain control module for an electric motor cooperating concurrently. This paper describes complete modelling and simulation realisation on a closed-loop servomotor drive, which cooperates with the variable transmission of the regenerative braking system based on the Scilab/Xcos environment.
{"title":"A Flywheel-Based Regenerative Braking System for Railway Vehicles","authors":"J. Jackiewicz","doi":"10.2478/ama-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Regenerative braking is a technique that employs electric motors to convert the dynamic mechanical energy from the motor’s spinning rotor and any attached loads into electricity. However, such a type of regenerative braking can only slow but not stop the vehicle because there is too little energy to excite the motor acting as a generator at low speeds. Therefore, this paper presents a unique flywheel-based regenerative braking system for railway vehicles. This system is supposed to meet high safety and comfort expectations in all operating conditions. The braking action control of this system should allow braking of empty or loaded vehicles according to load, the anti-blockage braking action of wheels and prevent wheel-slide during braking or wheel slip during acceleration. The new regenerative braking system under development, like any kinetic energy recovery system, requires the application of continuously variable transmission. The essence of the new solution is to design and build this type of variable transmission using only one planetary gear controlled through the powertrain control module for an electric motor cooperating concurrently. This paper describes complete modelling and simulation realisation on a closed-loop servomotor drive, which cooperates with the variable transmission of the regenerative braking system based on the Scilab/Xcos environment.","PeriodicalId":44942,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica et Automatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46682985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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