Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3473931
Mohammad Zunaidur Rashid;Shaikh Shahid Ahmed
To study coupled electro-thermal transport processes in nanoscale electronic devices, continuum models are no longer sufficient. In this work, we present an effort to couple a three-dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo Phonon Transport (MCPT) kernel with a 3-D Monte Carlo Electron Transport (MCET) simulator. The phonon-phonon scattering is modeled in relaxation time approximation (RTA) using Holland's formalism. Diffusive boundary collisions for phonons is modeled using the Beckmann-Kirchhoff (B-K) surface roughness scattering formalism considering the effects of phonon wavelength, incident angles and degree of surface roughness. In the electron-phonon coupled platform, acoustic and intervalley g and f type electron-phonon scattering mechanisms are considered and the resulting local temperature modification has been used to bridge the electron and phonon transport paths. The simulator has been validated by modeling the self-heating effect in a nanoscale FinFET device. Here, phonon transport at the oxide-silicon interface has been treated using the Diffuse Mismatch (DM) model, whereas, the phonons in the oxide have been described using the Debye model and temperature and frequency dependent relaxation time. For a FinFET with a gate length of 18 nm, channel width of 4 nm, and a fin height of 8 nm, simulation results show an ON current degradation of as high as ∼7% due to self-heating. The temperature rise in the channel region is found to be ∼30 K.
要研究纳米级电子器件中的电热耦合传输过程，连续模型已不再足够。在这项工作中，我们努力将三维（3-D）蒙特卡洛声子传输（MCPT）核与三维蒙特卡洛电子传输（MCET）模拟器结合起来。声子-声子散射采用霍兰形式主义的弛豫时间近似（RTA）建模。声子的扩散边界碰撞采用贝克曼-基尔霍夫（B-K）表面粗糙度散射形式主义建模，考虑了声子波长、入射角和表面粗糙度的影响。在电子-声子耦合平台中，考虑了声学和间隙 g 和 f 型电子-声子散射机制，并利用由此产生的局部温度修正来连接电子和声子传输路径。通过对纳米级 FinFET 器件中的自热效应建模，该模拟器得到了验证。在这里，氧化物-硅界面上的声子传输采用扩散错配（DM）模型进行处理，而氧化物中的声子则采用德拜模型以及与温度和频率相关的弛豫时间进行描述。对于栅极长度为 18 nm、沟道宽度为 4 nm、鳍片高度为 8 nm 的 FinFET，模拟结果显示，由于自发热，导通电流衰减高达 ∼ 7%。沟道区域的温升为 30 K。
{"title":"Full 3-D Monte Carlo Simulation of Coupled Electron-Phonon Transport: Self-Heating in a Nanoscale FinFET","authors":"Mohammad Zunaidur Rashid;Shaikh Shahid Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3473931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3473931","url":null,"abstract":"To study coupled electro-thermal transport processes in nanoscale electronic devices, continuum models are no longer sufficient. In this work, we present an effort to couple a three-dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo Phonon Transport (MCPT) kernel with a 3-D Monte Carlo Electron Transport (MCET) simulator. The phonon-phonon scattering is modeled in relaxation time approximation (RTA) using Holland's formalism. Diffusive boundary collisions for phonons is modeled using the Beckmann-Kirchhoff (B-K) surface roughness scattering formalism considering the effects of phonon wavelength, incident angles and degree of surface roughness. In the electron-phonon coupled platform, acoustic and intervalley \u0000<italic>g</i>\u0000 and \u0000<italic>f</i>\u0000 type electron-phonon scattering mechanisms are considered and the resulting local temperature modification has been used to bridge the electron and phonon transport paths. The simulator has been validated by modeling the self-heating effect in a nanoscale FinFET device. Here, phonon transport at the oxide-silicon interface has been treated using the Diffuse Mismatch (DM) model, whereas, the phonons in the oxide have been described using the Debye model and temperature and frequency dependent relaxation time. For a FinFET with a gate length of 18 nm, channel width of 4 nm, and a fin height of 8 nm, simulation results show an ON current degradation of as high as ∼7% due to self-heating. The temperature rise in the channel region is found to be ∼30 K.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"696-703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3472728
Poundoss Chellamuthu;Kirubaveni Savarimuthu;Mohammed Gulam Nabi Alsath;Govindaraj Rajamanickam
A wide range of industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications depend greatly on the development of sensitive and reliable humidity sensors. This work reports an extensive investigation of a nanostructured surfactant such as Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) activated mixed metal oxide (Zinc Oxide / Nickel Oxide) nanomaterial. The crystal study demonstrates an increase in the ZnO/NiO characteristic peaks (101) and (200), due to surface reactive agents. The increment of CTAB molar ratio has significantly increased the crystallite size, such that the bandgap of ZnO/NiO composite is reduced from 3.37eV to 2.80 eV. Brunauer-Emmitt-Teller (BET) surface area study revealed the production of a mesoporous ZnO with an improvement in the specific surface area from 7.82 to 52.01 m2g−1 with a mean diameter reducing from 22.28 to 18.94 nm for the CTAB molar concentration range of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 M namely SC-1, SC-2, SC-3, SC-4, and SC-5 respectively. The internal resistance achieved for the 2M sample is 1 KΩ, which is suitable for better humidity and gas sensing properties. Hence, the proposed ZnO/NiO metal oxide material is more sensitive to a plurality of analytes by providing an increased BET surface area.
{"title":"Experimental Investigations and Characterization of Surfactant Activated Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) Nanomaterial","authors":"Poundoss Chellamuthu;Kirubaveni Savarimuthu;Mohammed Gulam Nabi Alsath;Govindaraj Rajamanickam","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3472728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3472728","url":null,"abstract":"A wide range of industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications depend greatly on the development of sensitive and reliable humidity sensors. This work reports an extensive investigation of a nanostructured surfactant such as Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) activated mixed metal oxide (Zinc Oxide / Nickel Oxide) nanomaterial. The crystal study demonstrates an increase in the ZnO/NiO characteristic peaks (101) and (200), due to surface reactive agents. The increment of CTAB molar ratio has significantly increased the crystallite size, such that the bandgap of ZnO/NiO composite is reduced from 3.37eV to 2.80 eV. Brunauer-Emmitt-Teller (BET) surface area study revealed the production of a mesoporous ZnO with an improvement in the specific surface area from 7.82 to 52.01 m\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000g\u0000<sup>−1</sup>\u0000 with a mean diameter reducing from 22.28 to 18.94 nm for the CTAB molar concentration range of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 M namely SC-1, SC-2, SC-3, SC-4, and SC-5 respectively. The internal resistance achieved for the 2M sample is 1 KΩ, which is suitable for better humidity and gas sensing properties. Hence, the proposed ZnO/NiO metal oxide material is more sensitive to a plurality of analytes by providing an increased BET surface area.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"727-732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3469973
Manas R. Samantaray;Agniv Tapadar;Santanu Das;Nikhil Chander;Avishek Adhikary
This work proposes a novel, cost-effective, and simplified method to fabricate(reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanorods. It is demonstrated that when a composite film made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the fabricated rGO is formed on a silver substrate, a unique structural morphology appears. This structure is unlike the general morphological structures of PVDF and rGO. The fabricated rGO has a nanorod-shapes of 0.54 nm to 1.15 $mu$m length and diameter in the 51$-$ 64 nm range. The presence of $alpha$ and $beta$ phase PVDF and rGO in the composite has been confirmed using both X-ray diffractometer and Raman spectroscopy. Impedance characterization of the fabricated device shows constant phase characteristics in the frequency range of 126 kHz to 2 MHz with a constant phase angle at $-63^{circ }$ to $-78^{circ }$. This indicates that the proposed rGO Nanorod-PVDF composite is suitable for the fabrication of a thin film fractor (fractional order device) with fractional order $eta$ = 0.70 to 0.88 and fractance value 0.08 to 3.08 nF$s^{eta }$.
{"title":"Low Temperature One-Pot Synthesis of rGO Nanorod-PVDF Composite and Fabrication of a Thin Film Solid-State Fractional Order Device","authors":"Manas R. Samantaray;Agniv Tapadar;Santanu Das;Nikhil Chander;Avishek Adhikary","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3469973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3469973","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a novel, cost-effective, and simplified method to fabricate(reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanorods. It is demonstrated that when a composite film made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the fabricated rGO is formed on a silver substrate, a unique structural morphology appears. This structure is unlike the general morphological structures of PVDF and rGO. The fabricated rGO has a nanorod-shapes of 0.54 nm to 1.15 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m length and diameter in the 51\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 64 nm range. The presence of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$beta$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 phase PVDF and rGO in the composite has been confirmed using both X-ray diffractometer and Raman spectroscopy. Impedance characterization of the fabricated device shows constant phase characteristics in the frequency range of 126 kHz to 2 MHz with a constant phase angle at \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$-63^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$-78^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. This indicates that the proposed rGO Nanorod-PVDF composite is suitable for the fabrication of a thin film fractor (fractional order device) with fractional order \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 = 0.70 to 0.88 and fractance value 0.08 to 3.08 nF\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$s^{eta }$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"692-695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Batch normalization (BN) is a technique used to enhance training speed and generalization performance by mitigating internal covariate shifts. However, implementing BN in hardware presents challenges due to the need for an additional complex circuit to normalize, scale and shift activations. We proposed a hardware binary neural network (BNN) system capable of BN in hardware, which is consist of an AND-type flash memory array as a synapse and a voltage sense amplifier (VSA) as a neuron. In this system, hardware BN was implemented using a voltage shifter by adjusting the threshold of the binary neuron. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed hardware-based BNN system, we fabricated a charge trap flash with a gate stack of SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2. The electrical characteristics were modelled by using BSIM3 model parameters so that the proposed circuit was successfully demonstrated by a SPICE simulation. Moreover, variation effects of the voltage shifter were also analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the performance of the proposed system was proved by incorporating the SPICE results into a high-level simulation of binary LeNet-5 for MNIST pattern recognition, resulting in the improvement of the proposed system in terms of power and area, compared to the previous studies.
{"title":"First Realization of Batch Normalization in Flash-Based Binary Neural Networks Using a Single Voltage Shifter","authors":"Sungmin Hwang;Wangjoo Lee;Jeong Woo Park;Dongwoo Suh","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3466128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3466128","url":null,"abstract":"Batch normalization (BN) is a technique used to enhance training speed and generalization performance by mitigating internal covariate shifts. However, implementing BN in hardware presents challenges due to the need for an additional complex circuit to normalize, scale and shift activations. We proposed a hardware binary neural network (BNN) system capable of BN in hardware, which is consist of an AND-type flash memory array as a synapse and a voltage sense amplifier (VSA) as a neuron. In this system, hardware BN was implemented using a voltage shifter by adjusting the threshold of the binary neuron. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed hardware-based BNN system, we fabricated a charge trap flash with a gate stack of SiO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000/Si\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000N\u0000<sub>4</sub>\u0000/SiO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000. The electrical characteristics were modelled by using BSIM3 model parameters so that the proposed circuit was successfully demonstrated by a SPICE simulation. Moreover, variation effects of the voltage shifter were also analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the performance of the proposed system was proved by incorporating the SPICE results into a high-level simulation of binary \u0000<italic>LeNet-5</i>\u0000 for MNIST pattern recognition, resulting in the improvement of the proposed system in terms of power and area, compared to the previous studies.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"677-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3462802
Aks Raj;Ravi Kumar Gangwar;Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary
This letter introduces a conformal multifunctional Terahertz Metamaterial-Resonator (TMR) that achieves ultra-wideband absorption (4.6–9.3 THz) without extra circuit components. Its isotropic design ensures angular and polarization stability on flat and curved surfaces. Utilizing phase-changing Vanadium Oxide (VO2), the TMR reconfigures as an absorber, reflector, or transmissive structure, with simulation results aligning with the derived equivalent circuit model.
{"title":"Pioneering Multi-Functionality through VO2-Infused Polarization Insensitive Conformal Meta-Structures in Terahertz Regime","authors":"Aks Raj;Ravi Kumar Gangwar;Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3462802","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3462802","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a conformal multifunctional Terahertz Metamaterial-Resonator (TMR) that achieves ultra-wideband absorption (4.6–9.3 THz) without extra circuit components. Its isotropic design ensures angular and polarization stability on flat and curved surfaces. Utilizing phase-changing Vanadium Oxide (VO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000), the TMR reconfigures as an absorber, reflector, or transmissive structure, with simulation results aligning with the derived equivalent circuit model.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"673-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142267935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3462605
Joy Chowdhury;Kamalakanta Mahapatra;Angsuman Sarkar;J. K. Das
TFETs are being widely considered for next generation computing and sensing applications. They surpass conventional bulk MOSFETs in terms of subthreshold slope, leakage current and short channel effects. This paper presents a semi-analytical model accounting for both point tunneling and line tunneling schemes in a modified split-channel gate overlap source TFET(SC-GOSTFET) architecture. Considering both the tunneling schemes simultaneously along with the added line component enhances the ON-state current thus making the TFETs a better candidate for nano bio-sensors. The increase in length of the tunneling path is the major advantage of this hybrid model. This also helps to ameliorate the effect of quantum confinement in the band edges during band bending. The proposed biosensor shows reasonable agreement with the simulation data obtained from TCAD and 44.21% and 75.62% higher sensitivity over conventional biosensors. Further, the improved ambipolar characteristics can be exploited to influence the detection of a certain category of biomolecules thus increasing the detection range of this hybrid tunneling-based biosensor.
{"title":"An Analytical Model Accounting for the Pertinence of Hybrid Tunneling in Bio-TFETs","authors":"Joy Chowdhury;Kamalakanta Mahapatra;Angsuman Sarkar;J. K. Das","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3462605","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3462605","url":null,"abstract":"TFETs are being widely considered for next generation computing and sensing applications. They surpass conventional bulk MOSFETs in terms of subthreshold slope, leakage current and short channel effects. This paper presents a semi-analytical model accounting for both point tunneling and line tunneling schemes in a modified split-channel gate overlap source TFET(SC-GOSTFET) architecture. Considering both the tunneling schemes simultaneously along with the added line component enhances the ON-state current thus making the TFETs a better candidate for nano bio-sensors. The increase in length of the tunneling path is the major advantage of this hybrid model. This also helps to ameliorate the effect of quantum confinement in the band edges during band bending. The proposed biosensor shows reasonable agreement with the simulation data obtained from TCAD and 44.21% and 75.62% higher sensitivity over conventional biosensors. Further, the improved ambipolar characteristics can be exploited to influence the detection of a certain category of biomolecules thus increasing the detection range of this hybrid tunneling-based biosensor\u0000<italic>.</i>","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"658-664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142267936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3460869
Yu-Hsun Nien;Yu-Han Huang;Jung-Chuan Chou;Chih-Hsien Lai;Po-Yu Kuo;Po-Hui Yang;Jhih-Wei Zeng;Chia-Wei Wang
This study involves the utilization of electrostatic access techniques and the development of ZTO-SnO2/TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) in different ratios of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) efficiency was enhanced through the utilization of ZTO-SnO2 nanofiber composites in photoanodes. According to this study, the 3% ZTO-SnO2/TiO2 nanofiber-modified DSSCs conversion efficiency was better than that of other DSSCs at different light intensities. When the light intensity is 100 mW/cm2, there is a rise in efficiency by 30.91% compared with pure TiO2. The EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) usage demonstrated that adding ZTO-SnO2 efficiently lowered the photoanode's electron transfer impedance. The higher scattering potential and powerful electron transfer capability have been demonstrated to have a positive effect on increasing the JSC of DSSCs using quantum efficiency studies.
{"title":"Research on Photovoltaic Measurement and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells With Modification of Photoanodes by TiO2 Nanofibers Composited With Zn2SnO4-SnO2 Under Various Illuminances","authors":"Yu-Hsun Nien;Yu-Han Huang;Jung-Chuan Chou;Chih-Hsien Lai;Po-Yu Kuo;Po-Hui Yang;Jhih-Wei Zeng;Chia-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3460869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2024.3460869","url":null,"abstract":"This study involves the utilization of electrostatic access techniques and the development of ZTO-SnO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000/TiO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 nanofibers (NFs) in different ratios of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) efficiency was enhanced through the utilization of ZTO-SnO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 nanofiber composites in photoanodes. According to this study, the 3% ZTO-SnO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000/TiO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 nanofiber-modified DSSCs conversion efficiency was better than that of other DSSCs at different light intensities. When the light intensity is 100 mW/cm\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000, there is a rise in efficiency by 30.91% compared with pure TiO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000. The EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) usage demonstrated that adding ZTO-SnO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 efficiently lowered the photoanode's electron transfer impedance. The higher scattering potential and powerful electron transfer capability have been demonstrated to have a positive effect on increasing the JSC of DSSCs using quantum efficiency studies.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"684-691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3459472
Diksha Maurya;Devendra Chack;G. Vickey
Waveguide grating antenna with compact size and high diffraction efficiency remains a significant challenge in beam steering applications for integrated Optical Phased Arrays (OPA). Traditional waveguide grating antennas have large footprints, limiting antenna arrays' density. High diffraction efficiency is essential for effective signal transmission, making it a crucial aspect of antenna design. Optical antennas need higher diffraction efficiency, compact size, and broader field of view to achieve this. The proposed work aims to design a single-etch grating antenna on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform that emits light off-chip. The methodology combines the initial grating antenna designed using Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and optimizes it with a genetic algorithm. The proposed design uses a transverse spliced grating, Bragg reflectors, and bottom reflector to achieve an impressive upward diffraction efficiency of nearly 88% operating in C -band centered at 1550 nm. The size of the proposed antenna is 2.8 μm and offers a wide far-field beam width of 38 ° x 136 °. This work enables new advancements in integrated waveguide grating antenna development, with potential applications in free-space optical interconnects and on-chip optical phased arrays.
波导光栅天线具有体积小、衍射效率高的特点，在集成光相控阵（OPA）的波束转向应用中仍是一项重大挑战。传统的波导光栅天线占地面积大，限制了天线阵列的密度。高衍射效率对有效的信号传输至关重要，因此是天线设计的一个关键方面。为此，光学天线需要更高的衍射效率、更小的尺寸和更宽的视场。本研究旨在在硅绝缘体（SOI）平台上设计一种单蚀刻光栅天线，该天线可在芯片外发射光线。该方法结合了利用有限差分时域 (FDTD) 仿真设计的初始光栅天线，并利用遗传算法对其进行优化。拟议的设计使用了横向拼接光栅、布拉格反射器和底部反射器，在以 1550 nm 为中心的 C 波段实现了近 88% 的惊人向上衍射效率。拟议的天线尺寸为 2.8 μm，远场波束宽度为 38 ° x 136 °。这项工作推动了集成波导光栅天线开发的新进展，有望应用于自由空间光互连和片上光学相控阵。
{"title":"Compact and Efficient Transverse Spliced Waveguide Grating Antenna for Integrated Optical Phased Array","authors":"Diksha Maurya;Devendra Chack;G. Vickey","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3459472","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3459472","url":null,"abstract":"Waveguide grating antenna with compact size and high diffraction efficiency remains a significant challenge in beam steering applications for integrated Optical Phased Arrays (OPA). Traditional waveguide grating antennas have large footprints, limiting antenna arrays' density. High diffraction efficiency is essential for effective signal transmission, making it a crucial aspect of antenna design. Optical antennas need higher diffraction efficiency, compact size, and broader field of view to achieve this. The proposed work aims to design a single-etch grating antenna on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform that emits light off-chip. The methodology combines the initial grating antenna designed using Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and optimizes it with a genetic algorithm. The proposed design uses a transverse spliced grating, Bragg reflectors, and bottom reflector to achieve an impressive upward diffraction efficiency of nearly 88% operating in C -band centered at 1550 nm. The size of the proposed antenna is 2.8 μm and offers a wide far-field beam width of 38 ° x 136 °. This work enables new advancements in integrated waveguide grating antenna development, with potential applications in free-space optical interconnects and on-chip optical phased arrays.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"665-672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Graphene-based dry electrodes have shown considerable promise in electrophysiological signal monitoring applications by providing a comfortable, irritant-free alternative to traditional wet electrodes. The proposed electrode was fabricated using a spray-coating technique by depositing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The rGO/PDMS dry electrodes exhibit the capability to capture and transmit weak bio-electrical signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECGs) and Electromyogram (EMGs) without significant attenuation or distortion. Experimental results show that when compared to conventional wet Ag/AgCl electrodes, the fabricated rGO/PDMS electrodes measure higher-quality ECG signals with improved SNRs while offering similar contact quality and electrode-skin impedance despite being a dry electrode. The fabricated rGO/PDMS electrodes demonstrated excellent performance and applicability making them suitable for use in wearable long-term health monitoring devices.
{"title":"Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polydimethylsiloxane Based Flexible Dry Electrodes for Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring","authors":"Suraj Baloda;Sashank Krishna Sriram;Sumitra Singh;Navneet Gupta","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3459931","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3459931","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene-based dry electrodes have shown considerable promise in electrophysiological signal monitoring applications by providing a comfortable, irritant-free alternative to traditional wet electrodes. The proposed electrode was fabricated using a spray-coating technique by depositing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The rGO/PDMS dry electrodes exhibit the capability to capture and transmit weak bio-electrical signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECGs) and Electromyogram (EMGs) without significant attenuation or distortion. Experimental results show that when compared to conventional wet Ag/AgCl electrodes, the fabricated rGO/PDMS electrodes measure higher-quality ECG signals with improved SNRs while offering similar contact quality and electrode-skin impedance despite being a dry electrode. The fabricated rGO/PDMS electrodes demonstrated excellent performance and applicability making them suitable for use in wearable long-term health monitoring devices.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"644-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10679620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2024.3458427
Muhammad Saqlain;Muhammad Abuzar Baqir;Pankaj Kumar Choudhury
An ultrathin metasurface-based polarization-insensitive single-band terahertz (THz) sensor comprising graphene concentric rings and a thin layer of MXene was investigated for the human body cancer cells detection. The overall metamaterial configuration exhibits single narrow-band nearly-perfect absorption with a high value of quality factor due to a full-width-half-maximum of 0.033 THz at the resonance frequency of 3.793 THz. The results show a high sensitivity of the metamaterial configuration along with a stable operation under different incidence polarizations. The results reveal the designed structure is of potential in biomedical applications.
{"title":"MXene- and Graphene-Assisted THz Metamaterial for Cancer Cells Detection Based on Refractive Index Sensing","authors":"Muhammad Saqlain;Muhammad Abuzar Baqir;Pankaj Kumar Choudhury","doi":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3458427","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNANO.2024.3458427","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrathin metasurface-based polarization-insensitive single-band terahertz (THz) sensor comprising graphene concentric rings and a thin layer of MXene was investigated for the human body cancer cells detection. The overall metamaterial configuration exhibits single narrow-band nearly-perfect absorption with a high value of quality factor due to a full-width-half-maximum of 0.033 THz at the resonance frequency of 3.793 THz. The results show a high sensitivity of the metamaterial configuration along with a stable operation under different incidence polarizations. The results reveal the designed structure is of potential in biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":449,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology","volume":"23 ","pages":"652-657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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