Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2021.1902078
Lei Shi, Chen Shi, Xun Wu, Liang Ma
ABSTRACT Top-down and bottom-up approaches have been widely used in the development of smart city initiatives, but each entails serious shortfalls. An unprecedented pandemic such as COVID-19 paves the way for the development of innovative approaches and measures in accelerating smart city initiatives. We present a new mode of governance for smart city initiatives based on an in-depth case study of the development of health code in China. Our analysis reveals the key challenges of both the top-down and bottom-up approaches and shows how potential mechanisms for smart city development can effectively tackle these challenges.
{"title":"Accelerating the development of smart city initiatives amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of health code in China","authors":"Lei Shi, Chen Shi, Xun Wu, Liang Ma","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2021.1902078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1902078","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Top-down and bottom-up approaches have been widely used in the development of smart city initiatives, but each entails serious shortfalls. An unprecedented pandemic such as COVID-19 paves the way for the development of innovative approaches and measures in accelerating smart city initiatives. We present a new mode of governance for smart city initiatives based on an in-depth case study of the development of health code in China. Our analysis reveals the key challenges of both the top-down and bottom-up approaches and shows how potential mechanisms for smart city development can effectively tackle these challenges.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"118 1","pages":"266 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76116168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2021.1894314
W. Wong
ABSTRACT This article examines the importance of an autonomous bureaucracy and a strong civil society in the combat against COVID-19 by analysing the policy responses of Hong Kong under the combined framework of policy capacity and Political Nexus Triads (PNT). The case of Hong Kong underlines the importance of state–society interactions in constituting policy responses under a weak or failed state. From the perspective of collaborative governance, it is crucial for citizens to be engaged as partners in public policies, thus highlighting a certain degree of complementarity between state and non-state actors in the co-production of public policies.
{"title":"When the state fails, bureaucrats and civil society step up: analysing policy capacity with political nexus triads in the policy responses of Hong Kong to COVID-19","authors":"W. Wong","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2021.1894314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1894314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the importance of an autonomous bureaucracy and a strong civil society in the combat against COVID-19 by analysing the policy responses of Hong Kong under the combined framework of policy capacity and Political Nexus Triads (PNT). The case of Hong Kong underlines the importance of state–society interactions in constituting policy responses under a weak or failed state. From the perspective of collaborative governance, it is crucial for citizens to be engaged as partners in public policies, thus highlighting a certain degree of complementarity between state and non-state actors in the co-production of public policies.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"198 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81394272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2020.1871180
L. Beh, Woon Leong Lin
ABSTRACT This article aims to examine the extent of the COVID-19 on the tourism industry in ASEAN countries. This study utilized a Panel Vector Autoregression approach to examine the possible bi-directional causality that exists between COVID-19 and tourist arrivals. Data from seven ASEAN nations were used wherein accumulated numbers of cases are hypothesized due to variations in the levels of inbound tourism and other socio-economic differences. The findings indicated two-way causality between COVID-19 and tourist arrivals at the 95% significance level. The results revealed that international tourism can seriously be affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on ASEAN tourism industry","authors":"L. Beh, Woon Leong Lin","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2020.1871180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1871180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to examine the extent of the COVID-19 on the tourism industry in ASEAN countries. This study utilized a Panel Vector Autoregression approach to examine the possible bi-directional causality that exists between COVID-19 and tourist arrivals. Data from seven ASEAN nations were used wherein accumulated numbers of cases are hypothesized due to variations in the levels of inbound tourism and other socio-economic differences. The findings indicated two-way causality between COVID-19 and tourist arrivals at the 95% significance level. The results revealed that international tourism can seriously be affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"5 1","pages":"300 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74025635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2021.1880047
M. Withers, Sophie Henderson, Richa Shivakoti
ABSTRACT COVID-19 has disrupted the flow of international remittance that many South Asian economies depend upon. This ‘remittance shock’ is likely to catalyse a downturn in foreign exchange earnings, worsen structural unemployment and threaten the welfare of millions of low-income families. We situate the pandemic as an unprecedented challenge to the migration-development nexus in South Asia and examine the economic implications for three remittance economies: India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. We evaluate those countries’ existing responses to the crisis and discuss policy alternatives, highlighting the need to recalibrate development strategies by reducing reliance on migration and remittances.
{"title":"International Migration, Remittances and COVID-19: Economic Implications and Policy Options for South Asia","authors":"M. Withers, Sophie Henderson, Richa Shivakoti","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2021.1880047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1880047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT COVID-19 has disrupted the flow of international remittance that many South Asian economies depend upon. This ‘remittance shock’ is likely to catalyse a downturn in foreign exchange earnings, worsen structural unemployment and threaten the welfare of millions of low-income families. We situate the pandemic as an unprecedented challenge to the migration-development nexus in South Asia and examine the economic implications for three remittance economies: India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. We evaluate those countries’ existing responses to the crisis and discuss policy alternatives, highlighting the need to recalibrate development strategies by reducing reliance on migration and remittances.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"25 1","pages":"284 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89875840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2020.1829834
M. Shizume, Masatoshi Kato, R. Matsuda
ABSTRACT The Japanese welfare model is identified by the unified typology method of welfare and production regime (Schröder 2013) as the corporate-centred conservative welfare regime (CCWR), a subgroup of the conservative welfare regime. The major company cross-class alliance (Ito, 1988) has played a pivotal role in constructing the CCWR under the group-based coordinate market economy (Hall & Soskice, 2001, 2007). It encompasses the following key characteristics: a male breadwinner-based social insurance with status-dependent programs and a greater role of occupational welfare. Therefore, it fragments social protection into a three-layered structure where regular employees of major enterprises, especially men, enjoy the most generous benefits from their company and government, followed by permanent labourers of small- to medium-sized firms who are provided for relatively modestly, while only minimum governmental benefit is allocated to non-regular employees.
{"title":"A corporate-centred conservative welfare regime: three-layered protection in Japan","authors":"M. Shizume, Masatoshi Kato, R. Matsuda","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2020.1829834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1829834","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Japanese welfare model is identified by the unified typology method of welfare and production regime (Schröder 2013) as the corporate-centred conservative welfare regime (CCWR), a subgroup of the conservative welfare regime. The major company cross-class alliance (Ito, 1988) has played a pivotal role in constructing the CCWR under the group-based coordinate market economy (Hall & Soskice, 2001, 2007). It encompasses the following key characteristics: a male breadwinner-based social insurance with status-dependent programs and a greater role of occupational welfare. Therefore, it fragments social protection into a three-layered structure where regular employees of major enterprises, especially men, enjoy the most generous benefits from their company and government, followed by permanent labourers of small- to medium-sized firms who are provided for relatively modestly, while only minimum governmental benefit is allocated to non-regular employees.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"222 1","pages":"110 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75629065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2020.1869142
Sulikah Asmorowati, V. Schubert, Ayu Puspita Ningrum
ABSTRACT The challenges of COVID-19 have particularly invited closer attention to localised impacts and the extent that intergovernmental coordination, policy capacity, and local autonomy are implicated in the effectiveness of government responses to the pandemic. Drawing on our case study of the implementation of social safety nets in Jakarta, we explore the tensions between national-local government arising from decentralisation unfold as disjunctures between mode of governance and institutional capacity. We argue that the human factor, individuals negotiating and navigating complex and problematic systems and processes, points to human agency being central for success in the implementation, execution, and delivery of services.
{"title":"Policy capacity, local autonomy, and human agency: tensions in the intergovernmental coordination in Indonesia’s social welfare response amid the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sulikah Asmorowati, V. Schubert, Ayu Puspita Ningrum","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2020.1869142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1869142","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The challenges of COVID-19 have particularly invited closer attention to localised impacts and the extent that intergovernmental coordination, policy capacity, and local autonomy are implicated in the effectiveness of government responses to the pandemic. Drawing on our case study of the implementation of social safety nets in Jakarta, we explore the tensions between national-local government arising from decentralisation unfold as disjunctures between mode of governance and institutional capacity. We argue that the human factor, individuals negotiating and navigating complex and problematic systems and processes, points to human agency being central for success in the implementation, execution, and delivery of services.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"213 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91360154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2020.1863540
Seunghwan Oh
ABSTRACT COVID-19 has placed global and national leadership under a serious stress test by threatening lives and livelihoods on an unprecedented scale. South Korea emerged as one of the first countries to flatten the transmission curve despite its high population density and proximity to China, without imposing the aggressive lockdowns or complete travel bans that China and many other countries adopted. This paper explores two questions. First, what kind of institutional and legal foundations explain South Korea’s strong public health response to the pandemic? Second, from a historical perspective, South Korea evaded the worst of the SARS outbreak in 2003 yet failed to replicate the success with MERS in 2015. What explains these fluctuating public health responses within a country and how did this effect South Korea’s response to COVID-19? This paper argues that South Korea’s crisis management system developed strategic agility and flexibility in its hierarchical model that allows crisis-friendly partnerships and swift collaboration among key actors to manage public policy challenges. Studying South Korea’s responses to these three outbreaks will not only contribute to our understanding of cross-national crisis management but also further our comprehension of South Korea’s evolution in public health response through analysing intra-national variations.
{"title":"From a ‘super spreader of MERS‘ to a ‘super stopper‘ of COVID-19: Explaining the Evolution of South Korea’s Effective Crisis Management System","authors":"Seunghwan Oh","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2020.1863540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1863540","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT COVID-19 has placed global and national leadership under a serious stress test by threatening lives and livelihoods on an unprecedented scale. South Korea emerged as one of the first countries to flatten the transmission curve despite its high population density and proximity to China, without imposing the aggressive lockdowns or complete travel bans that China and many other countries adopted. This paper explores two questions. First, what kind of institutional and legal foundations explain South Korea’s strong public health response to the pandemic? Second, from a historical perspective, South Korea evaded the worst of the SARS outbreak in 2003 yet failed to replicate the success with MERS in 2015. What explains these fluctuating public health responses within a country and how did this effect South Korea’s response to COVID-19? This paper argues that South Korea’s crisis management system developed strategic agility and flexibility in its hierarchical model that allows crisis-friendly partnerships and swift collaboration among key actors to manage public policy challenges. Studying South Korea’s responses to these three outbreaks will not only contribute to our understanding of cross-national crisis management but also further our comprehension of South Korea’s evolution in public health response through analysing intra-national variations.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"132 1","pages":"250 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91127188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2020.1858706
Mingil Kim, Ji Hyung Park, H. Park
ABSTRACT As a way to narrow the fiscal disparity across local governments with different revenue capacity, revenue-sharing institutionalizes relatively affluent governments to transfer some revenues for the poor. However, effects of the shared revenue, for both transfer-losing and transfer-gaining governments, on individual governments’ service quality are unknown. In this study, we investigate the connection between the shared revenue and government service quality, the concept measured with tangibility, empathy, assurance, responsiveness, and reliability. Using data of 25 districts in Seoul Metropolitan Area from 2008 to 2016, our findings demonstrate the shared revenues are positively associated with all measures of government service quality.
{"title":"Does revenue-sharing improve government service quality? Evidence from Seoul metropolitan districts","authors":"Mingil Kim, Ji Hyung Park, H. Park","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2020.1858706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1858706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As a way to narrow the fiscal disparity across local governments with different revenue capacity, revenue-sharing institutionalizes relatively affluent governments to transfer some revenues for the poor. However, effects of the shared revenue, for both transfer-losing and transfer-gaining governments, on individual governments’ service quality are unknown. In this study, we investigate the connection between the shared revenue and government service quality, the concept measured with tangibility, empathy, assurance, responsiveness, and reliability. Using data of 25 districts in Seoul Metropolitan Area from 2008 to 2016, our findings demonstrate the shared revenues are positively associated with all measures of government service quality.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"517 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90694564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2020.1861722
K. Mok, Yeun-Wen Ku, Tauchid Komara Yuda
ABSTRACT This article aims at setting out a broader context for the debates and discussions on welfare transformations driven by rapid global challenges and restructuring. Confronted with challenges resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, governments and societies across the globe must rethink and reimagine their social welfare approaches to make them appropriate and effective to manage the risks and crises. The papers in this special issue address three major themes: 1) democratisation and changing welfare regimes / social policy provision; 2) reflections of social service delivery; 3) rethinking state-market-society relationships when managing welfare needs.
{"title":"Managing the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and changing welfare regimes","authors":"K. Mok, Yeun-Wen Ku, Tauchid Komara Yuda","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2020.1861722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1861722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims at setting out a broader context for the debates and discussions on welfare transformations driven by rapid global challenges and restructuring. Confronted with challenges resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, governments and societies across the globe must rethink and reimagine their social welfare approaches to make them appropriate and effective to manage the risks and crises. The papers in this special issue address three major themes: 1) democratisation and changing welfare regimes / social policy provision; 2) reflections of social service delivery; 3) rethinking state-market-society relationships when managing welfare needs.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"19 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82877250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2020.1848249
Janelle A. Kerlin, Shuyang Peng, T. Cui
ABSTRACT In China, the development of social enterprises based on Western concepts marked the entrance of an institutional innovation with strong institutional forces working against its survival. This study examines how social enterprises in China persisted in the face of high isomorphic pressures that urged their conformity with existing institutions Drawing on 41 surveys of social enterprises in China, we find that they survived by resisting negative institutional pressures while simultaneously conforming with others for increased legitimation. Thus, we extend existing theorization by testing an institutional innovation in a setting of strong isomorphic pressures with important implications for social enterprise stakeholders.
{"title":"Strategic responses of social enterprises to institutional pressures in China","authors":"Janelle A. Kerlin, Shuyang Peng, T. Cui","doi":"10.1080/17516234.2020.1848249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2020.1848249","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In China, the development of social enterprises based on Western concepts marked the entrance of an institutional innovation with strong institutional forces working against its survival. This study examines how social enterprises in China persisted in the face of high isomorphic pressures that urged their conformity with existing institutions Drawing on 41 surveys of social enterprises in China, we find that they survived by resisting negative institutional pressures while simultaneously conforming with others for increased legitimation. Thus, we extend existing theorization by testing an institutional innovation in a setting of strong isomorphic pressures with important implications for social enterprise stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":45051,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Public Policy","volume":"16 1","pages":"200 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77151287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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