Abstract In the recent years, the use of textile structures made from high performance fibers is finding increasing importance in composites applications. In textile process, there is direct control over fiber placements and ease of handling of fibers. Besides economical advantages, textile technologies also provide homogenous distribution of matrix and reinforcing fiber. Thus textile performs are considered to be the structural backbone of composite structures. Textile technology is of particular importance in the context of improving certain properties of composites like inter-laminar shear and damage tolerance apart from reducing the cost of manufacturing. Textile industry has the necessary technology to weave high performance multifilament fibers such as glass, aramid and carbon, which have high tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to chemicals and heat into various types of preforms. Depending upon textile preforming method the range of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction of preform will vary, subsequently affecting matrix infiltration and consolidation. As a route to mass production of textile composites, the production speed, material handling, and material design flexibility are major factors responsible for selection of textile reinforcement production. This opens a new field of technical applications with a new type of semifinished material produced by textile industry. Various types of hybrid yarns for thermoplastic composites and textile preforming methods have been discussed in detail in this issue. Information on manufacturing methods, structural details and properties of different hybrid yarns are presented and critically analyzed. Characterization methods used for these hybrid yarns have been discussed along with the influence of different processing parameters on the properties being characterized. The developments in all areas of textile preforming including weaving, knitting, braiding, stitching and nonwovens techniques are presented and discussed along with the characterization techniques for these preforms. The techniques used for manufacturing composites using hybrid yarns and textile preforms are discussed along with the details on compaction behavior of these structures during consolidation process. The structure of hybrid yarns and the textile preforms have direct influence on the properties of the composite made from them. The reported literature in this aspect is discussed in detail. In the end, the potential application areas and their trends for thermoplastic composites are discussed and analyzed.
{"title":"Hybrid Yarns and Textile Preforming for Thermoplastic Composites","authors":"R. Alagirusamy, R. Fangueiro, V. Ogale, N. Padaki","doi":"10.1533/tepr.2006.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/tepr.2006.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the recent years, the use of textile structures made from high performance fibers is finding increasing importance in composites applications. In textile process, there is direct control over fiber placements and ease of handling of fibers. Besides economical advantages, textile technologies also provide homogenous distribution of matrix and reinforcing fiber. Thus textile performs are considered to be the structural backbone of composite structures. Textile technology is of particular importance in the context of improving certain properties of composites like inter-laminar shear and damage tolerance apart from reducing the cost of manufacturing. Textile industry has the necessary technology to weave high performance multifilament fibers such as glass, aramid and carbon, which have high tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to chemicals and heat into various types of preforms. Depending upon textile preforming method the range of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction of preform will vary, subsequently affecting matrix infiltration and consolidation. As a route to mass production of textile composites, the production speed, material handling, and material design flexibility are major factors responsible for selection of textile reinforcement production. This opens a new field of technical applications with a new type of semifinished material produced by textile industry. Various types of hybrid yarns for thermoplastic composites and textile preforming methods have been discussed in detail in this issue. Information on manufacturing methods, structural details and properties of different hybrid yarns are presented and critically analyzed. Characterization methods used for these hybrid yarns have been discussed along with the influence of different processing parameters on the properties being characterized. The developments in all areas of textile preforming including weaving, knitting, braiding, stitching and nonwovens techniques are presented and discussed along with the characterization techniques for these preforms. The techniques used for manufacturing composites using hybrid yarns and textile preforms are discussed along with the details on compaction behavior of these structures during consolidation process. The structure of hybrid yarns and the textile preforms have direct influence on the properties of the composite made from them. The reported literature in this aspect is discussed in detail. In the end, the potential application areas and their trends for thermoplastic composites are discussed and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1533/tepr.2006.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67450920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fluid transport is one of the most frequently observed phenomena in the processing and end uses of fibrous materials. Fibrous materials have a unique structure of complex geometry, characterized by system anisotropy and heterogeneity. The characterization of fibrous materials, therefore, is critical in the understanding of transport behavior through fibrous structures, and is discussed after an introductory section. Subsequent sections cover topics of various transport processes through fibrous structures, including wicking and wetting, resin impregnation in liquid composite molding, filtration and separation in geotextiles, aerosol filtration in fibrous filters, micro/nano scale transport phenomena, and biomedical applications. The fibrous structure is also known for its multi-scale pore distribution from intra-fiber to inter-fiber spaces. This multi-scale effect is even more prominent when micro or nano fibrous materials are concerned, and so multi-scale approaches to address the scale effects of transport behavior in fibrous materials are discussed. Finally, the Ising model of statistical mechanics, a robust computer-simulation tool dealing with the fluid transport problems in fibrous materials, is introduced.
{"title":"Fluid Transport Phenomena in Fibrous Materials","authors":"N. Pan, W. Zhong","doi":"10.1533/tepr.2006.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/tepr.2006.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fluid transport is one of the most frequently observed phenomena in the processing and end uses of fibrous materials. Fibrous materials have a unique structure of complex geometry, characterized by system anisotropy and heterogeneity. The characterization of fibrous materials, therefore, is critical in the understanding of transport behavior through fibrous structures, and is discussed after an introductory section. Subsequent sections cover topics of various transport processes through fibrous structures, including wicking and wetting, resin impregnation in liquid composite molding, filtration and separation in geotextiles, aerosol filtration in fibrous filters, micro/nano scale transport phenomena, and biomedical applications. The fibrous structure is also known for its multi-scale pore distribution from intra-fiber to inter-fiber spaces. This multi-scale effect is even more prominent when micro or nano fibrous materials are concerned, and so multi-scale approaches to address the scale effects of transport behavior in fibrous materials are discussed. Finally, the Ising model of statistical mechanics, a robust computer-simulation tool dealing with the fluid transport problems in fibrous materials, is introduced.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1533/tepr.2006.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67450807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1533/JOTP.2006.38.1.1
A. Patnaik, R. S. Rengasamy, V. Kothari, Anindya Ghosh
Abstract This issue reviews developments in wetting and wicking of fibrous materials, covering characterization of wetting; wetting and wicking of fibers, filaments, yarns, and fabrics; factors affecting wetting and wicking of fibrous assemblies; mathematical models of wetting and wicking; and application areas of the same.
{"title":"Wetting and Wicking in Fibrous Materials","authors":"A. Patnaik, R. S. Rengasamy, V. Kothari, Anindya Ghosh","doi":"10.1533/JOTP.2006.38.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/JOTP.2006.38.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This issue reviews developments in wetting and wicking of fibrous materials, covering characterization of wetting; wetting and wicking of fibers, filaments, yarns, and fabrics; factors affecting wetting and wicking of fibrous assemblies; mathematical models of wetting and wicking; and application areas of the same.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1533/JOTP.2006.38.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67446723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The textile and apparel industry is the gate of choice for most developing countries in their quest to step into industrialization. The ease of entry into this field and the abnormally high wages in developed countries have created favorable conditions for the manufacturing and the exportation of textile and apparel derived products. At the same time, this unique situation has effected a cutthroat competition among the many actors while fueling an intense protectionism in many developed countries where the export markets are found. However, paradoxically, it is the U.S. trade policies that have been the common factor in the flourishing of the textile and apparel industry in many countries and regions around the world. From Asia, this generous openness has in time reached the Caribbean region and finally Sub-Saharan Africa. The evolution of this fluid industry in developing countries is examined within the boundaries of the textile and apparel managed trade agreements. It is argued that successes in this field must come from the combined efforts of the local government's industrial and trade policies, the entrepreneurial prowess of the private sector and the flexibility and the work ethic of the labor force. From the SE Asia NICs, to the Caribbean states and the Sub-Saharan African region, the synergy created by the U.S. trade policies and the local capabilities is shown to be the major ingredient for the development of the textile and apparel sector in scores of developing countries.
{"title":"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Developing Countries","authors":"J.O. Kim, M. Traore, C. Warfield","doi":"10.1533/tepr.2006.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/tepr.2006.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The textile and apparel industry is the gate of choice for most developing countries in their quest to step into industrialization. The ease of entry into this field and the abnormally high wages in developed countries have created favorable conditions for the manufacturing and the exportation of textile and apparel derived products. At the same time, this unique situation has effected a cutthroat competition among the many actors while fueling an intense protectionism in many developed countries where the export markets are found. However, paradoxically, it is the U.S. trade policies that have been the common factor in the flourishing of the textile and apparel industry in many countries and regions around the world. From Asia, this generous openness has in time reached the Caribbean region and finally Sub-Saharan Africa. The evolution of this fluid industry in developing countries is examined within the boundaries of the textile and apparel managed trade agreements. It is argued that successes in this field must come from the combined efforts of the local government's industrial and trade policies, the entrepreneurial prowess of the private sector and the flexibility and the work ethic of the labor force. From the SE Asia NICs, to the Caribbean states and the Sub-Saharan African region, the synergy created by the U.S. trade policies and the local capabilities is shown to be the major ingredient for the development of the textile and apparel sector in scores of developing countries.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1533/tepr.2006.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Textile digital printing emerged in the 1990s as a prototyping tool and a vehicle for printing small batches of fabric for niche market products. Developments over the past 5 years have been dramatic, with major practitioner conferences in the U.S. and in Europe, and a specialist trade press journal. We are now at the stage where all the ingredients are present for producing commercial print runs, but there are still many hurdles to jump for digital printing technologies to make an impact in world markets. This monograph reviews the technological issues and sets these in a wider commercial context. It explains how new markets are being successfully created and how digital printing technologies have provided a springboard for product innovation.
{"title":"Textile Digital Printing Technologies","authors":"D. Tyler","doi":"10.1533/tepr.2005.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/tepr.2005.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Textile digital printing emerged in the 1990s as a prototyping tool and a vehicle for printing small batches of fabric for niche market products. Developments over the past 5 years have been dramatic, with major practitioner conferences in the U.S. and in Europe, and a specialist trade press journal. We are now at the stage where all the ingredients are present for producing commercial print runs, but there are still many hurdles to jump for digital printing technologies to make an impact in world markets. This monograph reviews the technological issues and sets these in a wider commercial context. It explains how new markets are being successfully created and how digital printing technologies have provided a springboard for product innovation.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1533/tepr.2005.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This monograph traces the various means by which flax fibre is transformed into linen yarns and fabrics. The principal innovations and developments of the past fifty years are identified. An extensive range of relevant literature is reviewed. Details are given of how the fibre is extracted from the stem of the flax plant and of the stages of yarn and fabric production. An explanation is given of how yarns are produced from short fibres (known as tow) using carding, drafting and dry spinning, and from long fibres (known as line) using hackling, drafting, doubling, roving and wet spinning in warm water. Further areas covered include yarn winding, linen weaving, dyeing and finishing. New applications for flax fibre, beyond traditional uses in apparel or furnishing fabrics, are also identified.
{"title":"Innovation in Linen Manufacture","authors":"M. Hann","doi":"10.1533/tepr.2005.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/tepr.2005.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This monograph traces the various means by which flax fibre is transformed into linen yarns and fabrics. The principal innovations and developments of the past fifty years are identified. An extensive range of relevant literature is reviewed. Details are given of how the fibre is extracted from the stem of the flax plant and of the stages of yarn and fabric production. An explanation is given of how yarns are produced from short fibres (known as tow) using carding, drafting and dry spinning, and from long fibres (known as line) using hackling, drafting, doubling, roving and wet spinning in warm water. Further areas covered include yarn winding, linen weaving, dyeing and finishing. New applications for flax fibre, beyond traditional uses in apparel or furnishing fabrics, are also identified.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1533/tepr.2005.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67451033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the decades there have been several papers on the coloration of cotton-based textiles. The number of articles dealing with the processing of cotton, including preparation, dyeing, and finishing, may be in the thousands. An investigation of the possible causes of problems occurring in the coloration of textiles revealed that a comprehensive review of case studies and scientific analysis would be a welcome addition to the already rich pool of knowledge in this area.
{"title":"Critical Solutions in the Dyeing of Cotton Textile Materials","authors":"R. Shamey, T. Hussein","doi":"10.1533/tepr.2005.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/tepr.2005.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the decades there have been several papers on the coloration of cotton-based textiles. The number of articles dealing with the processing of cotton, including preparation, dyeing, and finishing, may be in the thousands. An investigation of the possible causes of problems occurring in the coloration of textiles revealed that a comprehensive review of case studies and scientific analysis would be a welcome addition to the already rich pool of knowledge in this area.","PeriodicalId":45059,"journal":{"name":"TEXTILE PROGRESS","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1533/tepr.2005.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67450884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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