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Conflict and coexistence among minorities within minority religions: a case study of Tablighi Jama’at in Japan 少数民族宗教内部的冲突与共存:以日本Tablighi Jama 'at为例
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2222616
Hirofumi Okai, Norihito Takahashi
ABSTRACT Research on religion and minorities in Japan has tended to focus on the relationship between majority and minority religions or between religion and social minorities. This contribution turns to consider the relationship between minorities within ‘minority religions’ and their efforts to coexist. It takes the case of the global Islamic movement Tablighi Jama’at, which started to become powerfully active in Japan with the arrival of large numbers of Muslim migrant workers from various countries in the late 1980s. Since then, Tablighi Jama’at has undergone significant expansion and diversification in Japan. Drawing on both participant observation and interviews, this contribution discusses these developments and related processes of religious and social localisation, which have created tensions between core members, first-generation migrants who make up the majority of participants, and the growing number of second-generation members and Japanese converts who were until recently in a relatively inferior position. This contribution reveals that there can be multiple subgroups within minority groups. The intersection of these various elements can also define power relations and the majority/minority status of people within minority groups. However, the case of Tablighi Jama’at in Japan also shows that power relations between subgroups are potentially fluid.
日本对宗教与少数群体的研究往往侧重于多数宗教与少数宗教之间的关系或宗教与社会少数群体之间的关系。这篇文章转而考虑“少数宗教”中少数群体之间的关系以及他们共存的努力。它以全球伊斯兰运动Tablighi Jama 'at为例,该运动在20世纪80年代末随着大量来自各国的穆斯林移民工人的到来,开始在日本变得非常活跃。从那时起,Tablighi Jama 'at在日本经历了显著的扩张和多样化。根据参与者的观察和访谈,本文讨论了这些发展以及宗教和社会本地化的相关过程,这些发展和过程在核心成员、占参与者大多数的第一代移民、以及越来越多的第二代成员和日本皈依者之间造成了紧张关系,这些成员直到最近才处于相对较低的地位。这一贡献揭示了在少数群体中可能存在多个子群体。这些不同因素的交集也可以定义权力关系和少数群体中人的多数/少数地位。然而,日本Tablighi Jama 'at的案例也表明,子群体之间的权力关系可能是不稳定的。
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引用次数: 0
An unwelcome minority: banning Buddhist practices, marginalising itinerants, and constructing heritage in a Japanese pilgrimage 不受欢迎的少数群体:禁止佛教活动,边缘化巡回旅行者,在日本朝圣中建立遗产
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2200368
I. Reader
ABSTRACT The Shikoku Pilgrimage is nowadays esteemed as a symbol of cultural heritage and tradition in Japan. Its origins are in the ascetic travels of itinerant devotees of the Buddhist figure Kōbō Daishi, who is the central focus of pilgrim devotion and is depicted in pilgrimage lore as a mendicant. These early ascetics relied on the Buddhist practice of mendicancy and were supported by the Shikoku custom of settai (almsgiving). However, in 2007, the pilgrimage temples banned pilgrims from alms solicitation within their precincts, claiming that those doing it (mostly itinerants who are a tiny minority among the pilgrim community) were not genuine pilgrims – even though they were following a practice central to the origins of the pilgrimage. This ban reflects historical patterns in different eras of pilgrims being marginalised, decried as antithetical to the ethos of the society, harassed, and even banned. In discussing the underlying reasons for the recent mendicancy ban, I show how it reflects a wider pattern of marginalising minorities within the pilgrimage community and reveals how religious and political authorities perceive the pilgrimage in any given era.
如今,四国朝圣被视为日本文化遗产和传统的象征。它的起源是佛教人物Kōbō大师的巡回信徒的苦行旅行,他是朝圣者虔诚的中心焦点,在朝圣传说中被描绘成一个乞丐。这些早期的苦行僧依靠佛教的行乞,并得到四国的布施习俗的支持。然而,在2007年,朝圣寺庙禁止朝圣者在他们的管辖范围内乞讨,声称那些这样做的人(主要是朝圣者社区中极少数的巡回旅行者)不是真正的朝圣者——尽管他们遵循了朝圣起源的核心实践。这一禁令反映了不同时代朝圣者被边缘化、被谴责为与社会风气对立、被骚扰甚至被禁止的历史模式。在讨论最近禁令的潜在原因时,我展示了它如何反映了朝圣社区中边缘化少数民族的更广泛模式,并揭示了宗教和政治当局如何看待任何特定时代的朝圣。
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引用次数: 0
Islam and the liberal state: national identity and the future of Muslim Britain 伊斯兰教与自由主义国家:民族认同与穆斯林英国的未来
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2207421
J. Bowen
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引用次数: 0
In the name of God and Christianity: mapping parties’ and candidates’ religious communication in Latin America 以上帝和基督教的名义:绘制拉丁美洲政党和候选人的宗教交流
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2206342
J. Schwörer, Belén Fernández-García
ABSTRACT Politics and religion are usually considered to be strongly interlinked in Latin America. Despite the fact that discourses about religion, Christianity, and God are assumed to play an important role in political competition, we are still confronted with a gap of systematic comparative large N analyses. This work attempts to map the religious discourses of 87 parties and presidential candidates in 15 Latin American countries based on quantitative content analyses of 14,379 posts on Facebook. We found that religious references serve to emphasise one’s own closeness to God and Christianity, to promote traditional morality, and to portray competitors as immoral and corrupt. Religious discourses mainly occur in Central America and Brazil, where evangelical groups are on the rise and where societies are particularly religious. The evangelical rise may therefore have a substantial impact on society and political campaigning. Religious discourses in society without relevant evangelical groups can be explained by strongly conservative parties and an extremely religious population.
在拉丁美洲,政治和宗教通常被认为是紧密相连的。尽管关于宗教、基督教和上帝的话语被认为在政治竞争中发挥着重要作用,但我们仍然面临着系统的比较大N分析的空白。本研究试图通过对Facebook上14379个帖子的定量内容分析,绘制出拉丁美洲15个国家87个政党和总统候选人的宗教话语图谱。我们发现,宗教引用有助于强调自己与上帝和基督教的亲密关系,促进传统道德,并将竞争对手描绘成不道德和腐败的人。宗教话语主要发生在中美洲和巴西,那里的福音派团体正在兴起,那里的社会特别虔诚。因此,福音派的崛起可能会对社会和政治竞选产生重大影响。在没有相关福音派团体的社会中,宗教话语可以用强烈的保守政党和极端的宗教人口来解释。
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引用次数: 1
The Russian Orthodox Church and its fight against abortion: taking on the state and losing 俄罗斯东正教会和它反对堕胎的斗争:与国家对抗和失败
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2190290
P. Kolstø
ABSTRACT During Vladimir Putin’s presidency, and in particular since the enthronement of Patriarch Kirill (2009), the Russian Orthodox Church has invested considerable energy and prestige in its fight against abortion. Nevertheless, the strategy adopted by the ROC seems ill-conceived and in many ways has proved counterproductive in terms of the goals which the ROC has set itself. While certain restrictions on the right to abortion have been introduced under Putin, this has been a far cry from the complete abortion ban advocated by the ecclesiastical leadership under Patriarch Kirill and supported by virtually all Orthodox believers who have expressed themselves publicly. At the same time, survey results as well as circumstantial evidence suggest that most Russians, including many who declare themselves to be Orthodox, have been reluctant to support a campaign for a ban on abortion. When the church leaders have failed to impress the public or the politicians, they have not readjusted their message towards more accommodating positions. The top hierarchs have been deeply involved in the anti-abortion drive and there are few signs of disagreements within the ROC leadership on this issue. However, the abortion issue threatens to sour relations between the ROC and the Putin regime.
在弗拉基米尔·普京担任总统期间,特别是自2009年基里尔牧首登基以来,俄罗斯东正教会在反对堕胎的斗争中投入了相当大的精力和声望。然而,中华民国采取的策略似乎考虑不周,并且在许多方面证明了中华民国为自己设定的目标适得其反。虽然在普京的领导下对堕胎权进行了一定的限制,但这与宗主教基里尔领导下的教会领导层所倡导的完全禁止堕胎和几乎所有公开表达自己观点的东正教信徒的支持相去甚远。与此同时,调查结果和间接证据表明,大多数俄罗斯人,包括许多自称为东正教徒的人,都不愿支持禁止堕胎的运动。当教会领袖未能给公众或政客留下深刻印象时,他们就没有重新调整自己的信息,使之朝着更包容的立场发展。高层一直深入参与反堕胎运动,中华民国领导层在这个问题上几乎没有分歧的迹象。然而,堕胎问题可能会使中华民国与普京政权之间的关系恶化。
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引用次数: 1
Editors’ introduction 编辑的介绍
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2207898
Daniel Nilsson DeHanas, Marat S. Shterin
The contributions to this issue of Religion, State & Society take us to a range of different contexts: Latin America, Russia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. They explore seemingly disparate themes of the relationship between religion and state legislatures, political parties, movements, and cultural trends. However, for all their variety, these contributions ultimately address the perennial question of boundary-making – something that the social anthropologist Douglas ([1966] 2002) saw as a crucial element of human experience – which is key to understanding the social and political structures we create. Jakob Schwörer and Belén Fernández-García open this journal issue with the first largescale and systematic study of how Latin American political parties use religious content in their social media outreach. Schwörer and Fernández-García find that mentions of God, Christianity, and the church on Facebook are important for parties wishing to articulate a positive moral presence in society. Parties most typically do this to assert conservative moral boundaries that appeal to evangelical voters, though in a few cases religious language is used for signalling progressive views. Importantly, the authors uncover regional differences. The use of religiously inflected language and symbols is most prevalent among parties in Central America and Brazil where evangelicals are highly active and in Paraguay which has an ultraconservative political culture. Parties are less likely to reference religion on social media in other countries that are more secularised or where evangelicals are less important as a voting bloc. Pål Kolstø continues the theme of conservative moral boundaries in his article on advocacy of a total ban on women’s abortion rights by representatives and activists of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). He argues that this advocacy potentially puts the Church leadership on a collision course with the Putin regime, because the latter is aware that the majority of Russians do not support such a ban. While in the current situation of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine any disharmony between the Moscow Patriarchate and Putin’s regime seems unlikely, the article raises interesting longerrange questions about the boundaries between ecclesiastical and secular authorities, which may be drawn differently and expediently, depending on the issue at hand. Focusing on Bangladesh, Jinat Hossain and Ishtiaq Jamil investigate gender-related political struggles over legislation on inheritance rights. Multiple actors involved in these political debates conceive of different boundary lines for defining gender relations. In particular, human rights organisations and international frameworks push towards gender-equal revisions of the law, whilst various domestic groups who advocate for Islamic or Hindu political visions urge retaining gender differences. Ironically, even though the two main prime ministerial rivals in Bangladesh for the past few decades are fema
本期《宗教、国家与社会》的投稿将我们带到了一系列不同的背景下:拉丁美洲、俄罗斯、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦。他们探讨了宗教与州立法机构、政党、运动和文化趋势之间关系的看似不同的主题。然而,尽管他们的贡献各不相同,但这些贡献最终解决了一个长期存在的问题,即边界的建立——社会人类学家道格拉斯([1966]2002)认为这是人类经验的一个关键因素——这是理解我们创造的社会和政治结构的关键。Jakob Schwörer和bel n Fernández-García在本期杂志中首次对拉丁美洲政党如何在其社交媒体宣传中使用宗教内容进行了大规模和系统的研究。Schwörer和Fernández-García发现,在Facebook上提到上帝、基督教和教会对于希望在社会中表达积极道德存在的政党很重要。政党通常这样做是为了维护保守的道德界限,以吸引福音派选民,尽管在少数情况下,宗教语言被用来表达进步的观点。重要的是,作者揭示了地区差异。在福音派非常活跃的中美洲和巴西,以及政治文化极端保守的巴拉圭,政党使用带有宗教色彩的语言和符号最为普遍。在其他更世俗化的国家,或者福音派作为一个投票群体不那么重要的国家,政党不太可能在社交媒体上提及宗教。paval Kolstø在他关于俄罗斯东正教(莫斯科宗主教区)的代表和活动人士倡导全面禁止妇女堕胎权利的文章中继续讨论保守道德界限的主题。他认为,这种主张可能会使教会领导层与普京政权发生冲突,因为后者意识到大多数俄罗斯人不支持这样的禁令。虽然在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的当前形势下,莫斯科宗主教区和普京政权之间似乎不太可能出现任何不和谐,但这篇文章提出了关于教会和世俗当局之间界限的有趣的长期问题,根据手头的问题,这可能会以不同的方式和权宜之计来划分。Jinat Hossain和Ishtiaq Jamil着眼于孟加拉国,调查了在继承权立法中与性别相关的政治斗争。参与这些政治辩论的多个行动者设想了定义性别关系的不同界线。特别是,人权组织和国际框架推动对法律进行性别平等的修订,而倡导伊斯兰教或印度教政治愿景的各种国内团体则敦促保留性别差异。具有讽刺意味的是,尽管过去几十年来孟加拉国的两位主要总理竞争对手都是女性,但由于她们依靠政治伊斯兰来讨好选民,因此在任何可能支持性别平等政策方面都受到了阻碍。《宗教、国家与社会》,第51卷,第2023期。2,129 - 130 https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2023.2207898
{"title":"Editors’ introduction","authors":"Daniel Nilsson DeHanas, Marat S. Shterin","doi":"10.1080/09637494.2023.2207898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2023.2207898","url":null,"abstract":"The contributions to this issue of Religion, State & Society take us to a range of different contexts: Latin America, Russia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. They explore seemingly disparate themes of the relationship between religion and state legislatures, political parties, movements, and cultural trends. However, for all their variety, these contributions ultimately address the perennial question of boundary-making – something that the social anthropologist Douglas ([1966] 2002) saw as a crucial element of human experience – which is key to understanding the social and political structures we create. Jakob Schwörer and Belén Fernández-García open this journal issue with the first largescale and systematic study of how Latin American political parties use religious content in their social media outreach. Schwörer and Fernández-García find that mentions of God, Christianity, and the church on Facebook are important for parties wishing to articulate a positive moral presence in society. Parties most typically do this to assert conservative moral boundaries that appeal to evangelical voters, though in a few cases religious language is used for signalling progressive views. Importantly, the authors uncover regional differences. The use of religiously inflected language and symbols is most prevalent among parties in Central America and Brazil where evangelicals are highly active and in Paraguay which has an ultraconservative political culture. Parties are less likely to reference religion on social media in other countries that are more secularised or where evangelicals are less important as a voting bloc. Pål Kolstø continues the theme of conservative moral boundaries in his article on advocacy of a total ban on women’s abortion rights by representatives and activists of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). He argues that this advocacy potentially puts the Church leadership on a collision course with the Putin regime, because the latter is aware that the majority of Russians do not support such a ban. While in the current situation of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine any disharmony between the Moscow Patriarchate and Putin’s regime seems unlikely, the article raises interesting longerrange questions about the boundaries between ecclesiastical and secular authorities, which may be drawn differently and expediently, depending on the issue at hand. Focusing on Bangladesh, Jinat Hossain and Ishtiaq Jamil investigate gender-related political struggles over legislation on inheritance rights. Multiple actors involved in these political debates conceive of different boundary lines for defining gender relations. In particular, human rights organisations and international frameworks push towards gender-equal revisions of the law, whilst various domestic groups who advocate for Islamic or Hindu political visions urge retaining gender differences. Ironically, even though the two main prime ministerial rivals in Bangladesh for the past few decades are fema","PeriodicalId":45069,"journal":{"name":"Religion State & Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"129 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80639682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Negotiating gender-equal inheritance rights: the rise of Islamic politics and the global feminist landscape in Bangladesh 协商性别平等的继承权:伊斯兰政治的兴起和孟加拉国的全球女权主义景观
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2206341
Jinat Hossain, Ishtiaq Jamil
ABSTRACT Inheritance rights in Bangladesh are a highly contested issue. These are interpreted differently in the two major religions in Bangladesh, Islam and Hinduism. Using the concepts of ‘legal pluralism’ and ‘feminist institutionalism’, we aim to understand different contestations and debates and the multiplicity of practices in these religions on this issue. Such contestation challenges the formulation of gender-equal inheritance policies in Bangladesh. In this article, we identify the major actors involved in policy formulation and investigate the key factors and events that led the state to formulate such policy and, later, to withdraw it. Based on a qualitative case-study method, we observe that gender-equal inheritance rights provision depends on multiple political factors and events. On the one hand, the international mandate of ensuring gender equality coupled with local and international donors’ support influenced the formulation of equal inheritance rights provision in the National Women’s Development Policy (NWDP). On the other hand, opposition from Islamic fundamentalist parties created tension in formulating such policy and, in the face of violent opposition, the government feared being framed as ‘anti-Islamic’ and withdrew the equal inheritance rights policy in Bangladesh in the policy formulation stage.
在孟加拉国,继承权是一个备受争议的问题。在孟加拉国的两大宗教,伊斯兰教和印度教中,对这些有不同的解释。利用“法律多元主义”和“女权主义制度主义”的概念,我们旨在理解这些宗教在这个问题上的不同争论和辩论以及实践的多样性。这种争论对孟加拉国制订性别平等的继承政策提出了挑战。在本文中,我们确定了参与政策制定的主要参与者,并调查了导致国家制定这一政策以及后来撤回这一政策的关键因素和事件。基于定性案例研究方法,我们观察到性别平等继承权的提供取决于多种政治因素和事件。一方面,确保两性平等的国际任务,加上地方和国际捐助者的支持,影响了《国家妇女发展政策》中平等继承权条款的制定。另一方面,伊斯兰原教旨主义政党的反对在政策制定过程中造成了紧张,面对激烈的反对,政府担心被视为“反伊斯兰”,在政策制定阶段撤回了孟加拉国的平等继承权政策。
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引用次数: 0
The Bloomsbury handbook of religion and migration 布卢姆茨伯里派宗教和移民手册
0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2206720
Anneli Winell
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引用次数: 0
The Bloomsbury handbook of religion and migration 布卢姆茨伯里派宗教和移民手册
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.5040/9781350203884
Anneli Winell
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引用次数: 2
Consuming Islam: media, ritual, and identity in the making of a brotherhood 消费伊斯兰:媒体、仪式和兄弟情谊形成中的身份认同
IF 1 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2197843
Sumrin Kalia
ABSTRACT Research on Islam and consumption focuses mostly on commercialisation of Islam. This article studies Islam-consumption interaction in the context of religious competition within Islam. It discusses the role of religious consumption in Pakistan where Islamic organisations belonging to different Sunni denominations seek to expand while maintaining ideological boundaries. Through an ethnographic study of Dawat-e-Islami, which belongs to the Barelvi denomination within Sunni Islam, it argues that religious consumption within the media and ritual settings of the organisation help to reify a subcultural, denominational identity. Capitalising on the cultural repertoires at its disposal, Dawat-e-Islami has commodified its call to Madina into artefacts, signs, symbols, and names and offered them for consumption to its followers through its media and ritual settings. Collective and expressive acts of consumption, enabled as such, serve to construct a unique, subcultural collective identity within Sunnism – the Madani Brotherhood. This brotherhood contributes to the expansion of DI’s Madani mission while guarding ideological boundaries. In the context of competing visions of Sunni Islam, collective and expressive acts of religious consumption reinforce symbolic and ideological boundaries.
关于伊斯兰教与消费的研究大多集中在伊斯兰教的商业化上。本文研究的是伊斯兰教内部宗教竞争背景下的伊斯兰消费互动。它讨论了宗教消费在巴基斯坦的作用,在巴基斯坦,属于不同逊尼派教派的伊斯兰组织寻求扩张,同时保持意识形态的界限。通过对Dawat-e-Islami(属于逊尼派伊斯兰教中的Barelvi教派)的民族志研究,它认为该组织的媒体和仪式设置中的宗教消费有助于具体化亚文化,教派身份。Dawat-e-Islami利用其所掌握的文化资源,将其对麦地那的呼唤商品化,变成了人工制品、标志、符号和名字,并通过其媒体和仪式环境向其追随者提供消费。集体和富有表现力的消费行为,使之成为可能,有助于在逊尼派内部构建一个独特的、亚文化的集体身份——马达尼兄弟会。这种兄弟情谊有助于扩大DI的马达尼使命,同时保护意识形态的边界。在逊尼派伊斯兰教相互竞争的背景下,宗教消费的集体和表达行为强化了象征和意识形态的界限。
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引用次数: 0
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Religion State & Society
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