Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2187656
Tsypylma Darieva, Jeanne Kormina
ABSTRACT This collection of contributions addresses the theme of religiously motivated and religiously framed civic activism by bringing together anthropology and theology. The main goal is to put forward a concept of religious activism as local, non-elitist responses challenging dominant discourses and regulation of the religious in authoritarian and more democratic societies. Highlighting complex entanglements of religion, civic engagement, and political participation over the last decade, the authors explore the ways faith-based claims, acts, and initiatives from below are evolving in public spaces, mostly in post-Soviet societies. The contributors to this collection shed light on a variety of faith-based claims arising around religious materiality, governance questions, and unequal access to resources in Russia, Georgia, Eastern Germany, and in the USA. The contributions also identify the means of mediating acts of religious activism, those chosen forms of public expression that make the voices of religious activists more visible and mobilise individual and collective actions in public spaces.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2177403
J. Thorsen
right American Orthodoxy can go. However, Riccardi-Swartz does not generalise her description of the communities to ROCOR as a whole, let alone to other Orthodox jurisdictions. Indeed, she points to an important division within ROCOR between older community members, mostly of Russian origin, who are uneasy about Putin’s Russia, and newer converts of wide-ranging origins, frequently of American evangelical backgrounds, unquestioningly devoted to Putin’s authoritarianism and conservativism in alliance with the Church. Studies might show that the converts’ moral and political views are becoming more widespread in ROCOR.
{"title":"Religious transformation in Maya Guatemala: cultural collapse and Christian Pentecostal revitalization","authors":"J. Thorsen","doi":"10.1080/09637494.2023.2177403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2023.2177403","url":null,"abstract":"right American Orthodoxy can go. However, Riccardi-Swartz does not generalise her description of the communities to ROCOR as a whole, let alone to other Orthodox jurisdictions. Indeed, she points to an important division within ROCOR between older community members, mostly of Russian origin, who are uneasy about Putin’s Russia, and newer converts of wide-ranging origins, frequently of American evangelical backgrounds, unquestioningly devoted to Putin’s authoritarianism and conservativism in alliance with the Church. Studies might show that the converts’ moral and political views are becoming more widespread in ROCOR.","PeriodicalId":45069,"journal":{"name":"Religion State & Society","volume":"5 1","pages":"125 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85125636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2185401
Marat S. Shterin, Daniel Nilsson DeHanas
In this special issue, we invite our readers to think deeply about religious activism by reflecting on the meaning of this concept as the human ability to engage with the sacred in a wide variety of ways to produce social or individual change. This focus on religious activism takes us straight to the heart of academic and public debates on the role and relevance of religion, and re-engages us with the ideas of their key participants, from Karl Marx and Max Weber to Saba Mahmood and Jürgen Habermas. We are grateful to Tsypylma Darieva and Jeanne Kormina, the guest editors of this special issue entitled Religious Activism in Eastern Europe and Beyond, for their stimulating thoughts on the meaning and significance of this theme, and for assembling a constellation of contributors to explore it through highly illuminating case studies. Tsypylma Darieva is a social anthropologist and a Senior Researcher at the Centre for East European and International Studies (ZOiS) in Berlin, Germany. Jeanne Kormina was previously Professor of Anthropology and Religious Studies at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in St Petersburg, Russia, and she is currently hosted by École Pratique des Hautes Études, Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités, in Paris, France. Most of the studies in this special issue are focused on Eastern European countries with a socialist past. Still grappling with the legacies of the secularist state regulation of religion, people in these countries are finding highly creative ways of engaging with religious ideas, practices, and communities in their pursuit of social and political change. The comparative case of Old Believers in the US state of Oregon presents a thoughtprovoking example of political activism that is rooted in religious convictions yet downplays them to enhance its broader appeal. These nuanced discussions promise to stimulate further research on the variety of intersections and liaisons between religion, politics, and social aspirations well beyond the geographical foci of this collection.
在这期特刊中，我们邀请读者深入思考宗教激进主义这个概念的含义，即人类以各种各样的方式与神圣接触，从而产生社会或个人变化的能力。这种对宗教激进主义的关注将我们直接带到了关于宗教角色和相关性的学术和公共辩论的核心，并使我们重新接触到他们的主要参与者的思想，从卡尔·马克思和马克斯·韦伯到萨巴·马哈茂德和约尔根·哈贝马斯。我们感谢特刊《东欧及其他地区的宗教激进主义》的特约编辑Tsypylma Darieva和Jeanne Kormina，感谢他们对这一主题的意义和重要性提出了令人振奋的想法，并通过极具启发性的案例研究组织了一群贡献者来探索这一主题。Tsypylma Darieva是一位社会人类学家，也是德国柏林东欧与国际研究中心(ZOiS)的高级研究员。Jeanne Kormina曾任俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立研究型大学高等经济学院人类学和宗教研究教授，她目前在法国巴黎的École Pratique des Hautes Études, Groupe societacins, Religions, Laïcités担任主持人。本期特刊的大部分研究都集中在具有社会主义历史的东欧国家。这些国家的人民仍在努力解决世俗主义国家对宗教管制的遗留问题，他们在追求社会和政治变革的过程中，正在寻找与宗教思想、实践和社区接触的极具创造性的方式。美国俄勒冈州“老信徒”(Old Believers)的比较案例，是一个发人深省的政治激进主义例子，这种政治激进主义根植于宗教信仰，但却淡化宗教信仰，以增强其更广泛的吸引力。这些细致入微的讨论有望激发对宗教、政治和社会愿望之间的各种交集和联系的进一步研究，这些研究远远超出了本书的地理焦点。
{"title":"Editors’ introduction","authors":"Marat S. Shterin, Daniel Nilsson DeHanas","doi":"10.1080/09637494.2023.2185401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2023.2185401","url":null,"abstract":"In this special issue, we invite our readers to think deeply about religious activism by reflecting on the meaning of this concept as the human ability to engage with the sacred in a wide variety of ways to produce social or individual change. This focus on religious activism takes us straight to the heart of academic and public debates on the role and relevance of religion, and re-engages us with the ideas of their key participants, from Karl Marx and Max Weber to Saba Mahmood and Jürgen Habermas. We are grateful to Tsypylma Darieva and Jeanne Kormina, the guest editors of this special issue entitled Religious Activism in Eastern Europe and Beyond, for their stimulating thoughts on the meaning and significance of this theme, and for assembling a constellation of contributors to explore it through highly illuminating case studies. Tsypylma Darieva is a social anthropologist and a Senior Researcher at the Centre for East European and International Studies (ZOiS) in Berlin, Germany. Jeanne Kormina was previously Professor of Anthropology and Religious Studies at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in St Petersburg, Russia, and she is currently hosted by École Pratique des Hautes Études, Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités, in Paris, France. Most of the studies in this special issue are focused on Eastern European countries with a socialist past. Still grappling with the legacies of the secularist state regulation of religion, people in these countries are finding highly creative ways of engaging with religious ideas, practices, and communities in their pursuit of social and political change. The comparative case of Old Believers in the US state of Oregon presents a thoughtprovoking example of political activism that is rooted in religious convictions yet downplays them to enhance its broader appeal. These nuanced discussions promise to stimulate further research on the variety of intersections and liaisons between religion, politics, and social aspirations well beyond the geographical foci of this collection.","PeriodicalId":45069,"journal":{"name":"Religion State & Society","volume":"254 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73298918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2172977
Sergei Shtyrkov
ABSTRACT This contribution examines how ethnic activism in a republic of the Russian North Caucasus region, namely North Ossetia-Alania, is viewed by various social groups as a religious protest movement. This interpretation is influenced by anti-colonial discourse and an ideological agenda linking issues of religious identity and political loyalty. At the centre of these disputes are ideas about whether the ethnic religion of the Ossetian people is the local version of Orthodox Christianity or the original Ossetian religion of pre-Christian genesis that has survived to this day in the form of Ossetian ethnic traditions. Proponents of the latter concept argue that the spread of Orthodox Christianity among Ossetians should be seen as the result of spiritual colonisation by external political forces. Orthodox leaders and many ordinary believers in North Ossetia strongly protest against this interpretation of the role of Orthodoxy in the republic. Under these conditions Ossetia’s Orthodox Christians perceive any anti-colonial public gesture as aimed at contesting the completeness of their ethnic identity.
{"title":"Fear and loathing in North Ossetia: how ethnic activism can turn into religious nativism","authors":"Sergei Shtyrkov","doi":"10.1080/09637494.2023.2172977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2023.2172977","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This contribution examines how ethnic activism in a republic of the Russian North Caucasus region, namely North Ossetia-Alania, is viewed by various social groups as a religious protest movement. This interpretation is influenced by anti-colonial discourse and an ideological agenda linking issues of religious identity and political loyalty. At the centre of these disputes are ideas about whether the ethnic religion of the Ossetian people is the local version of Orthodox Christianity or the original Ossetian religion of pre-Christian genesis that has survived to this day in the form of Ossetian ethnic traditions. Proponents of the latter concept argue that the spread of Orthodox Christianity among Ossetians should be seen as the result of spiritual colonisation by external political forces. Orthodox leaders and many ordinary believers in North Ossetia strongly protest against this interpretation of the role of Orthodoxy in the republic. Under these conditions Ossetia’s Orthodox Christians perceive any anti-colonial public gesture as aimed at contesting the completeness of their ethnic identity.","PeriodicalId":45069,"journal":{"name":"Religion State & Society","volume":"17 1","pages":"83 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75761579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2176113
Dominic Armour Martin
ABSTRACT This contribution examines recent developments in the activism of a Russian religious minority community in the United States. After fleeing persecution in Russia to Manchuria, Turkey, and Brazil, since the 1960s 10,000 Old Believers have settled in the Williamette Valley, Oregon. The contribution describes how and why this paradigmatically ‘closed’ religious group, which has eschewed active political engagement for centuries, made a sudden and effective entry into Oregon politics in 2019–20. Initial political mobilisation was provoked by Oregon State Legislature’s attempt to pass a law to eliminate exemptions on religious or philosophical grounds for children’s vaccinations. Following the theorising of Rawls, I argue that the Old Believers formed with other Americans opposed to mandatory vaccinations an ‘overlapping consensus’ of political liberalism. Their exclusive reliance on political arguments grounded in the secular American tradition of liberal rights and freedoms conflicts with the influential thesis of ‘public religion’, articulated prominently by Casanova and Habermas, who highlight the spiritual and theological character of interventions by religious groups into modern politics. Notwithstanding the secular tenor of their political intervention, I argue that it constitutes a form of ‘religious activism’ motivated by the pursuit of values at the heart of their centuries-old religious project.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2174759
Tsypylma Darieva
ABSTRACT This contribution draws attention to faith-based activism as ‘lived citizenship’ among Georgian Muslims in Georgia. A controversial case of the construction of a mosque in multi-religious Batumi is not an isolated episode confined to the city, but goes back to a much longer dispute over Georgianness among Georgian Muslims and should be located in a wider, global perspective. An emerging regional metropolis in Georgia offers fruitful arenas for the study of the dynamics of religious activism in those domains where religion is viewed as a new source of national heritage, and where legal frameworks (i.e. laws on religious freedom) for minorities and their participation are not yet elaborated, or are constantly being negotiated and contested. This anthropologically informed study demonstrates the increasing visibility of the voices of religious minority groups and the growth of public expression of Muslim life in Georgia. It reflects this minority group’s expectation of achieving a mutual ‘sense of belonging’, and their tactics of lived citizenship and of participation in contemporary Georgia.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2169023
Agnieszka Halemba
ABSTRACT The aim of this contribution is to further understanding of how religious materiality becomes a focus of activism. Religion is present in a variety of ways in a secularised public space, and various people focus their activism around this presence – there are those who identify themselves as believers, those for whom religion is a part of cultural heritage, as well as those for whom religious materiality is mostly about aesthetics and cultural pleasures. In order to show a range of possible argumentations and motivations, I analyse just one event in a very complex story of the reconstruction of the tower of the Garrison Church in Potsdam, looking at various activist groups that took part in it. All these groups focus their activism around the rebuilding of a church – an ostensibly religious building – which is among the most prominent, but also the most controversial projects of this kind in contemporary Germany. This contribution brings into focus those elements of this long-term and unfinished debate that shed light on our understanding of religion-centred activism and proposes a differentiation between nonreligious and faith-based activism, as forms of religious activism.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2023.2180240
R. Elsner
ABSTRACT Most analyses of secularisation and desecularisation in Russia focus on the growing political role of institutionalised religion in the form of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), or on informal religious activism and the meaning of religiosity for the people. However, the faith-based activism of Orthodox believers in post-Soviet society is the most serious challenge for the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church. The heterogeneity of this activism questions the Church’s self-perception as a unified community balancing a hierarchical authority and a mission to affect worldly reality. Within Russian Orthodox clerical discourse, ‘activism’ has become an instrument to either appropriate activities as official ’Orthodox activism’ or to discredit dissent as ‘political activism’. The analytical frame of ‘religious activism’ thus impacts on the relationship between the hierarchy and the faithful, potentially strengthening the term’s pejorative implications. Based on official statements and media monitoring, this contribution makes a first attempt to analyse how believers, the ecclesiastical hierarchy, and theology negotiate the social role of the Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) in the post-Soviet region, specifically in the Russian Federation and Belarus. Exploring the concept of ‘religious activism’ from a theological perspective, the contribution also highlights a necessary interdisciplinary dialogue between anthropology and theology.
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Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2022.2159734
Mariëtta Van der Tol, P. Gorski
ABSTRACT This collection reflects on ways in which right-wing populisms in Europe and the USA unsettle what had become common understandings of the sacred in the study of religion and politics. Whereas secularisation theories long associated the sacred with religion, and in particular Latin Christianity, right-wing populism has demonstrated a remarkable potential for mobilising the sacred through relentless sacralisations of nationhood. Their reliance on Christian imaginaries and symbols for predominantly and possibly exclusively secular purposes means that scholarship must rethink ‘the sacred’ as a potentially immanent phenomenon. Contributions from politics, sociology, and theology discuss the relationship between sacralisations of nationhood and meanings of public space, public policy on migration and integration, and ways in which Christian theology might critique the secular appropriation of religious repertoires.
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Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/09637494.2022.2152213
Effie Fokas
European Union (by Lucian N. Leustean and Jeffrey Haynes, in Chapter 18). It is interesting to note how the uncovering of the religious matrix – for too long hidden and forgotten – operating at the origins of both these two remarkable institutions of post-Second World War international society is happening at the same time as both these international/supranational organisations strengthen their effort to include religious voices and build better religious literacy and religious engagement capacity as part of their international policymaking toolkit. In a similar way, it was refreshing to read about some ‘old’ and ‘new’ religious actors and international dynamics. There is the thoughtful, knowledgeable Chapter 20 by Mariano Barbato on one of the oldest – and probably among the least well understood – religious actors in international relations, the Papacy, an ‘old’ actor of great contemporary political relevance given the global-political role the head of the Catholic Church has assumed on such different important issues such as the refugee crisis, climate change, and the current Ukrainian crisis, to mention just a few. A fascinating analysis by Daniel G. Hummel explores the new, less well-known, and clearly very important religious diplomacy of the state of Israel as part of US – Israeli bilateral relations (Chapter 25). In sum, as scholars and students of politics with an interest in this growing subfield, we have good reason to be very grateful to Jeffrey Haynes for his herculean effort in bringing this substantial volume together. It is a useful teaching and research addition to what is becoming one of the most dynamic and interesting areas of research in International Relations.
欧盟(Lucian N. Leustean和Jeffrey Haynes著，第18章)。有趣的是，在二战后国际社会的这两个卓越机构的起源上，宗教矩阵的揭示——被隐藏和遗忘的时间太长了——是如何同时发生的，因为这两个国际/超国家组织都加强了他们的努力，包括宗教的声音，建立更好的宗教知识和宗教参与能力，作为他们国际政策制定工具包的一部分。同样，读到一些“旧的”和“新的”宗教角色以及国际动态，也让人耳目一新。马里亚诺·巴巴托(Mariano Barbato)撰写的第20章内容深思熟虑，知识渊博，讲述了国际关系中最古老的——可能也是最不为人所了解的——宗教角色之一——教皇。鉴于天主教会的领袖在难民危机、气候变化和当前乌克兰危机等不同重要问题上所扮演的全球政治角色，教皇是一个具有重大当代政治意义的“老”角色。丹尼尔·g·哈梅尔(Daniel G. Hummel)的一篇精彩分析探讨了以色列作为美以双边关系一部分的新的、不太为人所知的、显然非常重要的宗教外交(第25章)。总而言之，作为对这一不断发展的分支领域感兴趣的政治学者和学生，我们有充分的理由非常感谢杰弗里·海恩斯(Jeffrey Haynes)的巨大努力，他将这本庞大的书汇集在一起。对于正在成为国际关系中最具活力和最有趣的研究领域之一的研究来说，这是一个有用的教学和研究领域。
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