Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1748836
Xuedong Yang, Jian Yan
Abstract In theory, representation is the primary function of the people’s congresses. In practice, under China’s party-state system, the ruling party imposes specific governance tasks on the congresses with the effect that the representative function of the People’s Congress System has largely given way to its governance functions. The uneven practice of these functions has left the System facing a serious representation deficit. Based on a careful analysis of historical archives and findings from interviews and observations, this paper examines the causes and repercussions of the imbalanced functions of the People’s Congress System. By proposing a Monitoring and Adaptation Model, we adopt a historical perspective to reexamine the interplay between the people’s congresses and the ruling party, arguing that the imbalanced functions of the People’s Congress System result from the interplay between Party monitoring and the corresponding adaptations of the people’s congresses. The Party, to bolster its governing performance, has introduced an array of institutional arrangements to have the people’s congresses fulfill specific governance tasks. However, the people’s congresses have gained a measure of autonomy thanks to their organizational growth and institutionalization, changes to the makeup of deputies, and significant efforts by certain leaders since the end of the Cultural Revolution. Although they are expected to take on the governance functions assigned by the ruling party, the people’s congresses thus enjoy greater leeway to carry out their functions selectively with an eye to improving their standing and relevance in China’s political system. Ironically, the fact that the people’s congresses prioritize their governance functions and that the overall performance of the party-state system gains consistent improvement may have warded off a potential representation crisis as the weak representativeness of the People’s Congress System would otherwise predict. Abbreviations: PCS: The People's Congress System; CPC: The Communist Party of China; The “M&A model”: The Monitoring and Adaptation Model; NPC: National People's Congress; LPCs: Local People's Congresses; CPPCC: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
{"title":"Governance edging out representation? Explaining the imbalanced functions of China’s people’s congress system","authors":"Xuedong Yang, Jian Yan","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1748836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1748836","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In theory, representation is the primary function of the people’s congresses. In practice, under China’s party-state system, the ruling party imposes specific governance tasks on the congresses with the effect that the representative function of the People’s Congress System has largely given way to its governance functions. The uneven practice of these functions has left the System facing a serious representation deficit. Based on a careful analysis of historical archives and findings from interviews and observations, this paper examines the causes and repercussions of the imbalanced functions of the People’s Congress System. By proposing a Monitoring and Adaptation Model, we adopt a historical perspective to reexamine the interplay between the people’s congresses and the ruling party, arguing that the imbalanced functions of the People’s Congress System result from the interplay between Party monitoring and the corresponding adaptations of the people’s congresses. The Party, to bolster its governing performance, has introduced an array of institutional arrangements to have the people’s congresses fulfill specific governance tasks. However, the people’s congresses have gained a measure of autonomy thanks to their organizational growth and institutionalization, changes to the makeup of deputies, and significant efforts by certain leaders since the end of the Cultural Revolution. Although they are expected to take on the governance functions assigned by the ruling party, the people’s congresses thus enjoy greater leeway to carry out their functions selectively with an eye to improving their standing and relevance in China’s political system. Ironically, the fact that the people’s congresses prioritize their governance functions and that the overall performance of the party-state system gains consistent improvement may have warded off a potential representation crisis as the weak representativeness of the People’s Congress System would otherwise predict. Abbreviations: PCS: The People's Congress System; CPC: The Communist Party of China; The “M&A model”: The Monitoring and Adaptation Model; NPC: National People's Congress; LPCs: Local People's Congresses; CPPCC: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"6 1","pages":"110 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1748836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46483435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2019.1666544
Tao Liu
The function and dysfunction of modern bureaucracy represent a puzzle perplexing both researchers and practitioners of public administration. On the one hand, modern bureaucracy requires a certain ...
{"title":"Run at most once. Zhejiang experiences and Chinese concept","authors":"Tao Liu","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2019.1666544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2019.1666544","url":null,"abstract":"The function and dysfunction of modern bureaucracy represent a puzzle perplexing both researchers and practitioners of public administration. On the one hand, modern bureaucracy requires a certain ...","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"269 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2019.1666544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43350335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1759292
{"title":"Correction","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1759292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1759292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"272 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1759292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1745412
Peng Liu, Xiao Zhong, Suyang Yu
Abstract The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China is, essentially, a public health emergency. Therefore, it becomes a critical issue to make policies by using scientific knowledge in a highly uncertain and unpredictable context. The key issue of risk-based decision-making (RBDM) is how to strike a balance between science and politics. After reviewing existing literature and practice, three main approaches to risk-based decision-making (RBDM) can be summarized: politics-based, science-led, and the integration and negotiation of science and politics. On the basis of public reports from current mass media, this article focuses on the time period from the releasing of the first COVID-19 case in Wuhan to the lockdown policy made by Wuhan municipal government, and we divide important stakeholders in early stage into two groups：scientist group and politician group. It finds that the RBDM process of Wuhan municipal government against COVID-19 demonstrated that politics intertwined tightly with science. Its RBDM process could be categorized into three phases: politics-based, science-involved, and science-led. We conclude six main characteristics of RBDM mechanisms in contemporary China. Finally, we argue that Chinese governments should establish institutionalized mechanisms for the negotiation and cooperation of science and politics in its RBDM process like COVID-19 epidemic. Five policy recommendations have been discussed to improve its RBDM quality in China’s context.
{"title":"Striking a balance between science and politics: understanding the risk-based policy-making process during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic in China","authors":"Peng Liu, Xiao Zhong, Suyang Yu","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1745412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1745412","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China is, essentially, a public health emergency. Therefore, it becomes a critical issue to make policies by using scientific knowledge in a highly uncertain and unpredictable context. The key issue of risk-based decision-making (RBDM) is how to strike a balance between science and politics. After reviewing existing literature and practice, three main approaches to risk-based decision-making (RBDM) can be summarized: politics-based, science-led, and the integration and negotiation of science and politics. On the basis of public reports from current mass media, this article focuses on the time period from the releasing of the first COVID-19 case in Wuhan to the lockdown policy made by Wuhan municipal government, and we divide important stakeholders in early stage into two groups：scientist group and politician group. It finds that the RBDM process of Wuhan municipal government against COVID-19 demonstrated that politics intertwined tightly with science. Its RBDM process could be categorized into three phases: politics-based, science-involved, and science-led. We conclude six main characteristics of RBDM mechanisms in contemporary China. Finally, we argue that Chinese governments should establish institutionalized mechanisms for the negotiation and cooperation of science and politics in its RBDM process like COVID-19 epidemic. Five policy recommendations have been discussed to improve its RBDM quality in China’s context.","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"198 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1745412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48698592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1744260
Jianxing Yu
{"title":"Confronting and Governing the Public Health Emergency","authors":"Jianxing Yu","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1744260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1744260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"137 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1744260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48905818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1745411
Huan Yang, Peng Bin, A. He
Abstract The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCov, COVID) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 quickly escalated into a global health emergency. This study seeks to investigate the attitudinal and behavioral patterns of university students in Wuhan, the epicenter. Conducted in late January 2020, an online survey collected data from more than 8000 students of four elite national universities located in Wuhan. The students sampled included both Wuhan natives and non-locals who returned home in the early stages of the outbreak. The study notes widespread psychological stress among students but positive behavioral compliance with personal hygiene practices. Official announcements were the chief source of information for the respondents, who also demonstrated high demand for transparency of information disclosure. Some highly tight anti-epidemic measures were found at the local level. Albeit aggressive to certain extent, they may be necessary under such critical circumstances. The respondents offered varying evaluations of the performance of central government, local governments, civil society, and the health system in this public health crisis. The article concludes with policy implications and caveats.
{"title":"Opinions from the epicenter: an online survey of university students in Wuhan amidst the COVID-19 outbreak11","authors":"Huan Yang, Peng Bin, A. He","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1745411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1745411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCov, COVID) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 quickly escalated into a global health emergency. This study seeks to investigate the attitudinal and behavioral patterns of university students in Wuhan, the epicenter. Conducted in late January 2020, an online survey collected data from more than 8000 students of four elite national universities located in Wuhan. The students sampled included both Wuhan natives and non-locals who returned home in the early stages of the outbreak. The study notes widespread psychological stress among students but positive behavioral compliance with personal hygiene practices. Official announcements were the chief source of information for the respondents, who also demonstrated high demand for transparency of information disclosure. Some highly tight anti-epidemic measures were found at the local level. Albeit aggressive to certain extent, they may be necessary under such critical circumstances. The respondents offered varying evaluations of the performance of central government, local governments, civil society, and the health system in this public health crisis. The article concludes with policy implications and caveats.","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"234 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1745411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48639796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1744922
Xiang Gao, Jianxing Yu
Abstract In China, sub-provincial governments are responsible for managing public health emergencies. In the context of coordinating multiple stakeholders, the role of the local government can be defined as ‘meta-governance’. It shall provide rules to facilitate collective action and co-produce quality public services. However, the case of Wuhan suggests that some local governments still rely on the traditional administrative system, which hampers them in terms of issuing a sufficient response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Three measures can be taken to facilitate a public governance mechanism in public health emergency management. First, local governments can use the ICTs to create a more transparent information mechanism. The free flow of information could alert all stakeholders to potential emergencies, while the open government data form the base for cross-border collaboration. Second, a more comprehensive Public Health Emergency Preparedness is constructive for local governments in making quality and immediate decisions. This preparedness shall clearly define the responsibility of the involved agencies based on a careful evaluation of their qualification and capability. Third, the local government shall note that good governance requires more than an executive capacity based on command-and-control. It is necessary to develop the ability to work with stakeholders outside the bureaucratic system.
{"title":"Public governance mechanism in the prevention and control of the COVID-19: information, decision-making and execution","authors":"Xiang Gao, Jianxing Yu","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1744922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1744922","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In China, sub-provincial governments are responsible for managing public health emergencies. In the context of coordinating multiple stakeholders, the role of the local government can be defined as ‘meta-governance’. It shall provide rules to facilitate collective action and co-produce quality public services. However, the case of Wuhan suggests that some local governments still rely on the traditional administrative system, which hampers them in terms of issuing a sufficient response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Three measures can be taken to facilitate a public governance mechanism in public health emergency management. First, local governments can use the ICTs to create a more transparent information mechanism. The free flow of information could alert all stakeholders to potential emergencies, while the open government data form the base for cross-border collaboration. Second, a more comprehensive Public Health Emergency Preparedness is constructive for local governments in making quality and immediate decisions. This preparedness shall clearly define the responsibility of the involved agencies based on a careful evaluation of their qualification and capability. Third, the local government shall note that good governance requires more than an executive capacity based on command-and-control. It is necessary to develop the ability to work with stakeholders outside the bureaucratic system.","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"178 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1744922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49518201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The all-round and multilevel responses to the epidemic, with professional medical institutions, the governments and the public as the main agents of response and the media as the bridge of communication, are key to developing the public health emergency management system with regard to emerging infectious diseases and diseases with unknown etiology in the information age. This study creates an analysis framework concerning the five dimensions of information—the epidemic itself and the medical, governmental, public and media responses—and analyzes the evolution, interaction and trends of five dimensions using big data within the period of observation For the four dimensions other than the media response, the level of information related to the epidemic and the medical response is relatively high, while the level of response by medical institutions and the governments are similar, and both are higher than the public response. The media coverage of the epidemic remains at a high level of information. In relation to such diseases, the government should take the role of big data analytics seriously, lead a multi-agent social collaboration network, and further strengthen the ‘One Planning Plus Three Systems’ framework related to emergency management in China.
{"title":"A big data analysis on the five dimensions of emergency management information in the early stage of COVID-19 in China","authors":"Hao-Jie Huang, Zongchao Peng, Hongtao Wu, Qihui Xie","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1744923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1744923","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The all-round and multilevel responses to the epidemic, with professional medical institutions, the governments and the public as the main agents of response and the media as the bridge of communication, are key to developing the public health emergency management system with regard to emerging infectious diseases and diseases with unknown etiology in the information age. This study creates an analysis framework concerning the five dimensions of information—the epidemic itself and the medical, governmental, public and media responses—and analyzes the evolution, interaction and trends of five dimensions using big data within the period of observation For the four dimensions other than the media response, the level of information related to the epidemic and the medical response is relatively high, while the level of response by medical institutions and the governments are similar, and both are higher than the public response. The media coverage of the epidemic remains at a high level of information. In relation to such diseases, the government should take the role of big data analytics seriously, lead a multi-agent social collaboration network, and further strengthen the ‘One Planning Plus Three Systems’ framework related to emergency management in China.","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"213 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1744923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47903225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-24DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1740468
E. Gu, Lantian Li
Abstract The public governance of epidemic outbreaks faces great uncertainty. Successful governance is only possible with a competent early warning system, which hinges upon efficient production, sharing, and use of relevant knowledge and information. In this process, functional scientific/professional communities are critical gatekeepers. Analyzing China’s failed early warning for the COVID-19 outbreak, we show that an epidemic governance system dominated by bureaucratic forces is doomed to failure. In particular, we identify the lack of autonomy of scientific/professional communities—in this case, virologists, physicians, and epidemiologists—as one of the major contributing factors to the malfunction of the early warning system. Drawing upon the idea of community governance, we argue that only by empowering scientific/professional groups to exert efficient community governance can a state modernize its early warning system and perform better in combatting epidemics.
{"title":"Crippled community governance and suppressed scientific/professional communities: a critical assessment of failed early warning for the COVID-19 outbreak in China","authors":"E. Gu, Lantian Li","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1740468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1740468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The public governance of epidemic outbreaks faces great uncertainty. Successful governance is only possible with a competent early warning system, which hinges upon efficient production, sharing, and use of relevant knowledge and information. In this process, functional scientific/professional communities are critical gatekeepers. Analyzing China’s failed early warning for the COVID-19 outbreak, we show that an epidemic governance system dominated by bureaucratic forces is doomed to failure. In particular, we identify the lack of autonomy of scientific/professional communities—in this case, virologists, physicians, and epidemiologists—as one of the major contributing factors to the malfunction of the early warning system. Drawing upon the idea of community governance, we argue that only by empowering scientific/professional groups to exert efficient community governance can a state modernize its early warning system and perform better in combatting epidemics.","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"160 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1740468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45149490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.1080/23812346.2020.1741240
Yepeng Qi, C. Du, Tianle Liu, Xiaofan Zhao, Changgui Dong
Abstract We present the case of the outbreak and containment of COVID-19 in its early stage and analyze the causes for conservative judgment of the disease control experts who are blamed for delayed action and inadequate response by the government. We find that the disease control experts have a clear tendency and preference to make conservative judgment about the epidemic risk of a low probability and high impact new disease. This conservative preference may have been a major factor in the judging and communicating the risk of COVID-19 epidemic. The experts’ perception of the epidemic risk is affected by their habitual thinking facing a low probability event with uncertain progression. Their conservative preference is augmented by political concerns due to the high social and political impact of the event and the potential political consequence of a false judgment. Balancing personal payoffs of decision options, the experts’ rational choice would lean towards a conservative decision. We propose a three-factor decision model that integrates habitual thinking, political concerns and rational choice to explain the experts’ conservative judgment, and corroborate the model with evidences from the case. We conclude the paper with policy implications for improving experts’ role in public health emergency response.
{"title":"Experts’ conservative judgment and containment of COVID-19 in early outbreak","authors":"Yepeng Qi, C. Du, Tianle Liu, Xiaofan Zhao, Changgui Dong","doi":"10.1080/23812346.2020.1741240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1741240","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present the case of the outbreak and containment of COVID-19 in its early stage and analyze the causes for conservative judgment of the disease control experts who are blamed for delayed action and inadequate response by the government. We find that the disease control experts have a clear tendency and preference to make conservative judgment about the epidemic risk of a low probability and high impact new disease. This conservative preference may have been a major factor in the judging and communicating the risk of COVID-19 epidemic. The experts’ perception of the epidemic risk is affected by their habitual thinking facing a low probability event with uncertain progression. Their conservative preference is augmented by political concerns due to the high social and political impact of the event and the potential political consequence of a false judgment. Balancing personal payoffs of decision options, the experts’ rational choice would lean towards a conservative decision. We propose a three-factor decision model that integrates habitual thinking, political concerns and rational choice to explain the experts’ conservative judgment, and corroborate the model with evidences from the case. We conclude the paper with policy implications for improving experts’ role in public health emergency response.","PeriodicalId":45091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"140 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23812346.2020.1741240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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