Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v20.n43.2023_02_hasan_12_25.pdf
A. A. Khalifa, Methaq Mohamed Hasan
Background: ACE2 and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are complex physiological systems that contribute to blood pressure control, whereas the activity and responsiveness of the ACE2 and RAAS be changed due to advanced age and hypertension. Aim: This study is to investigate the ACE2, Renin, Ang I, Ang II, and aldosterone levels in various ages of hypertensive men in order to provide insights into the effect of aging and high blood pressure on some body organs. Methods: It was compared ACE2, Renin, Ang I, Ang II, and aldosterone levels across 80 hypertensive men with ages between 30 years - 69 years. The persons were divided into four groups (20 men/group) according to their ages. The first group was 30-39 years, the second group was 40-49 years, the third group was 50-59 years, and the fourth group was 60-69. It used a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan s test for the groups. Results: It was observed that the concentration of ACE2 decreased significantly in different groups with advanced age (p ≤ 0.01), except in the fourth sample group vs. the third group. The renin was reduced considerably in other groups with aging (p ≤ 0.01), except in the second sample group vs. the first group. The peptides Angiotensin I (Ang I) and Angiotensin II (Ang II) had opposite growth directions, decreasing and increasing, respectively, it was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). Also, aldosterone increased significantly in different groups with advanced age (p ≤ 0.01), not including the fourth group vs. the third group). Discussion: The physiological impact of these results is discussed according to the effects of hypertension and advanced age on all the studied parameters, particularly ACE2 deficiency and high levels of Ang II, pointed out an apparent dysfunction in blood pressure regulation during advanced age. Conclusions: ACE2 deficiency may be mediated by a series of dysfunctional events caused by the present changes in RAAS and other parameters in response to hypertension and advanced ages. Low renin levels and other following changes might cause an imbalance of Ang I and Ang II ratios. In addition, high levels of Ang II might reflect the unfavorable and negative changes that contributed to the disruption of many organs and systems during hypertension and advanced age.
{"title":"THE ACTIVITY OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME 2 AND OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM (RAAS) DURING PROGRESSIVE AGE IN HYPERTENSIVE MEN","authors":"A. A. Khalifa, Methaq Mohamed Hasan","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v20.n43.2023_02_hasan_12_25.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v20.n43.2023_02_hasan_12_25.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ACE2 and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are complex physiological systems that contribute to blood pressure control, whereas the activity and responsiveness of the ACE2 and RAAS be changed due to advanced age and hypertension. Aim: This study is to investigate the ACE2, Renin, Ang I, Ang II, and aldosterone levels in various ages of hypertensive men in order to provide insights into the effect of aging and high blood pressure on some body organs. Methods: It was compared ACE2, Renin, Ang I, Ang II, and aldosterone levels across 80 hypertensive men with ages between 30 years - 69 years. The persons were divided into four groups (20 men/group) according to their ages. The first group was 30-39 years, the second group was 40-49 years, the third group was 50-59 years, and the fourth group was 60-69. It used a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan s test for the groups. Results: It was observed that the concentration of ACE2 decreased significantly in different groups with advanced age (p ≤ 0.01), except in the fourth sample group vs. the third group. The renin was reduced considerably in other groups with aging (p ≤ 0.01), except in the second sample group vs. the first group. The peptides Angiotensin I (Ang I) and Angiotensin II (Ang II) had opposite growth directions, decreasing and increasing, respectively, it was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). Also, aldosterone increased significantly in different groups with advanced age (p ≤ 0.01), not including the fourth group vs. the third group). Discussion: The physiological impact of these results is discussed according to the effects of hypertension and advanced age on all the studied parameters, particularly ACE2 deficiency and high levels of Ang II, pointed out an apparent dysfunction in blood pressure regulation during advanced age. Conclusions: ACE2 deficiency may be mediated by a series of dysfunctional events caused by the present changes in RAAS and other parameters in response to hypertension and advanced ages. Low renin levels and other following changes might cause an imbalance of Ang I and Ang II ratios. In addition, high levels of Ang II might reflect the unfavorable and negative changes that contributed to the disruption of many organs and systems during hypertension and advanced age.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70710704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.02_munther_pgs_12_28.pdf
Abeer Essa Mohammad, M. A. Muhammad-Ali, E. Q. Jasim
Background: 4-aminoantipyrine is one of the pyrazolone derivatives, it has been exposed to a large range of biological activities as an antimicrobial, analgesic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compound. One of the important derivatives is the hybrid pyrazolone which includes two organic or inorganic drugs attached to give new pharmaceutical agents which may be the same or different activity from the original drugs. Aim: This research aimed to synthesize novel compounds derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and test their biological activity. Methods: Synthesis of 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives, which contain structurally two heterocyclic moieties, pyrazolone with oxadiazole, triazole, or tetrazole rings. The structures of the compounds were identified by 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The in vitro, developed compounds were screened for their analgesic activity and antibacterial activity against medically important gram (+) and gram (-) bacterial strains. Results: The antibacterial evaluation tests showed that some compounds gave good activity and others had no activity. The analgesic activity referred that the synthesized compounds had promising potency. The free binding energy (S) of the compounds with the protein 6B73 were ?4.90 to ?8.76 kcal/mol, whereas free energy (S) with the protein 5C1M gave ?4.94 to ?9.21 kcal/mol. Discussion: Among the tested compounds, it was found that compounds 1a, 4b, and 5a had more potent antibacterial activity. The analgesic activity showed that compounds 1b, 4b, and 5a gave the best activity using hot plate methods compared with the standard drug. On the other hand, compounds 1a, 4b, and 5b gave good activity using the writhing test method. Conclusions: Potent, good, or moderate analgesic and antibacterial agents were synthesized using simple and high-yield chemical reactions. The chemical reactions include the synthesis of hybrid antibacterial and analgesic agents using pyrazolone compounds.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS, DOCKING STUDY, AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 4-AMINOANTIPYRINE-ISONIAZID DERIVATIVES AS A HYBRID ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANALGESIC AGENTS","authors":"Abeer Essa Mohammad, M. A. Muhammad-Ali, E. Q. Jasim","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.02_munther_pgs_12_28.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.02_munther_pgs_12_28.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 4-aminoantipyrine is one of the pyrazolone derivatives, it has been exposed to a large range of biological activities as an antimicrobial, analgesic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compound. One of the important derivatives is the hybrid pyrazolone which includes two organic or inorganic drugs attached to give new pharmaceutical agents which may be the same or different activity from the original drugs. Aim: This research aimed to synthesize novel compounds derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and test their biological activity. Methods: Synthesis of 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives, which contain structurally two heterocyclic moieties, pyrazolone with oxadiazole, triazole, or tetrazole rings. The structures of the compounds were identified by 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The in vitro, developed compounds were screened for their analgesic activity and antibacterial activity against medically important gram (+) and gram (-) bacterial strains. Results: The antibacterial evaluation tests showed that some compounds gave good activity and others had no activity. The analgesic activity referred that the synthesized compounds had promising potency. The free binding energy (S) of the compounds with the protein 6B73 were ?4.90 to ?8.76 kcal/mol, whereas free energy (S) with the protein 5C1M gave ?4.94 to ?9.21 kcal/mol. Discussion: Among the tested compounds, it was found that compounds 1a, 4b, and 5a had more potent antibacterial activity. The analgesic activity showed that compounds 1b, 4b, and 5a gave the best activity using hot plate methods compared with the standard drug. On the other hand, compounds 1a, 4b, and 5b gave good activity using the writhing test method. Conclusions: Potent, good, or moderate analgesic and antibacterial agents were synthesized using simple and high-yield chemical reactions. The chemical reactions include the synthesis of hybrid antibacterial and analgesic agents using pyrazolone compounds.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46150381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.05_messias_pgs_46_59.pdf
Fábia Martins Silva, Clécio Sousa Ramos, L. Scotti, A. Monteiro
Introduction: HIV, whose viral multiplication is associated with three enzymes. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for synthesizing vital DNA based on its RNA; integrase is responsible for integrating viral DNA into human DNA; and protease is responsible for cleaving the genetic code into smaller, functional units. Many research groups around the world are motivated by the proposal of a new bioactive against HIV. Objectives: To propose natural diterpenes or synthetic products from the Pau-Brasil plant species against HIV through in silico techniques. Methods: Diterpenes found in the ethanolic extract of Pau-Brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam.) were used, as well as some of their products that were known by computational means. The work was developed through a hybrid screening (ligand-based and structure-based) for a possible biological activity of these phytoconstituents against the main enzymes of HIV-1 multiplication. Results: Computational assays showed that the compounds ALX04 and ALX07 showed possible activity against HIV-integrase and reverse transcriptase proteins, respectively. No compound was simultaneously active against the two enzymes (HIV-integrase and reverse transcriptase), and all other compounds proved inactive. Discussion: Diterpenes found in the ethanolic extract of Pau-Brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam.) were used, and some results were obtained through computational methods. The work was developed to achieve a viable observable activity to the tested prediction models. Conclusions: Computational assays showed that the diterpenes ALX04 and ALX07 had promising assays of retroviral activity.
{"title":"IN SILICO STUDIES OF DITERPENES EXTRACTED FROM Paubrasilia echinata Lam. AND DERIVATIVES AGAINST HIV-1 INTEGRASE AND REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE","authors":"Fábia Martins Silva, Clécio Sousa Ramos, L. Scotti, A. Monteiro","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.05_messias_pgs_46_59.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.05_messias_pgs_46_59.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: HIV, whose viral multiplication is associated with three enzymes. Reverse transcriptase is responsible for synthesizing vital DNA based on its RNA; integrase is responsible for integrating viral DNA into human DNA; and protease is responsible for cleaving the genetic code into smaller, functional units. Many research groups around the world are motivated by the proposal of a new bioactive against HIV. Objectives: To propose natural diterpenes or synthetic products from the Pau-Brasil plant species against HIV through in silico techniques. Methods: Diterpenes found in the ethanolic extract of Pau-Brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam.) were used, as well as some of their products that were known by computational means. The work was developed through a hybrid screening (ligand-based and structure-based) for a possible biological activity of these phytoconstituents against the main enzymes of HIV-1 multiplication. Results: Computational assays showed that the compounds ALX04 and ALX07 showed possible activity against HIV-integrase and reverse transcriptase proteins, respectively. No compound was simultaneously active against the two enzymes (HIV-integrase and reverse transcriptase), and all other compounds proved inactive. Discussion: Diterpenes found in the ethanolic extract of Pau-Brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam.) were used, and some results were obtained through computational methods. The work was developed to achieve a viable observable activity to the tested prediction models. Conclusions: Computational assays showed that the diterpenes ALX04 and ALX07 had promising assays of retroviral activity.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42642581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.01_veloso_pgs_01_12.pdf
Pedro Henrique F Veloso, V. D. M. Sacramento, V. Royo
Background: The use of alternatives for teaching analytical chemistry in undergraduate studies has been a challenge for teachers since most methods require high-cost equipment and functional analytical skills. This work presents the use of RGB, an additive color system n digital media, as a method of quantifying of a given analyte in samples. Aim: To analyze different samples containing different concentrations of coffee, comparing them using two techniques: 1) spectrophotometry and 2) RGB, and then perform the calculations for the determination of an unknown concentration. Methods: Eight samples were prepared, six with defined concentrations of coffee, one in white, and one without a defined concentration. Method 1 used the spectrophotometer to read the absorbance at 420 nm wavelength for melanoidin reading, in method 2 the RGB was used, positioning buckets in front of a digital screen emitting light at the corresponding wavelength. Microsoft Powerpoint was used to collect RGB and Microsoft Excel data for data processing. Results: The data obtained through the analytical equipment, as well as those obtained via RGB, were able to estimate the unknown concentration of coffee, both techniques estimated a concentration between 3 and 4%, both with the equation of the line and r² capable of estimating values corresponding to the concentrations of the samples. Discussion: The RGB technique has been studied in recent decades, mainly for colorimetric analyses, since it makes the study or laboratory experiments available in an accessible way. Bringing the student closer to the spectrophotometric technique, promoting scientific development, and elaborating the hypothesis about using technology as an analysis tool. Conclusions: Experimental practices promote the development of research, which guide both teachers and students in the use of new technologies and in the development of new activities aimed at teaching, this work in question opens a range for the use of tools and methods of easy access and low cost.
{"title":"USE OF RGB AS A QUANTITATIVE METHOD APPLIED TO THE TEACHING OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY","authors":"Pedro Henrique F Veloso, V. D. M. Sacramento, V. Royo","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.01_veloso_pgs_01_12.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.01_veloso_pgs_01_12.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of alternatives for teaching analytical chemistry in undergraduate studies has been a challenge for teachers since most methods require high-cost equipment and functional analytical skills. This work presents the use of RGB, an additive color system n digital media, as a method of quantifying of a given analyte in samples. Aim: To analyze different samples containing different concentrations of coffee, comparing them using two techniques: 1) spectrophotometry and 2) RGB, and then perform the calculations for the determination of an unknown concentration. Methods: Eight samples were prepared, six with defined concentrations of coffee, one in white, and one without a defined concentration. Method 1 used the spectrophotometer to read the absorbance at 420 nm wavelength for melanoidin reading, in method 2 the RGB was used, positioning buckets in front of a digital screen emitting light at the corresponding wavelength. Microsoft Powerpoint was used to collect RGB and Microsoft Excel data for data processing. Results: The data obtained through the analytical equipment, as well as those obtained via RGB, were able to estimate the unknown concentration of coffee, both techniques estimated a concentration between 3 and 4%, both with the equation of the line and r² capable of estimating values corresponding to the concentrations of the samples. Discussion: The RGB technique has been studied in recent decades, mainly for colorimetric analyses, since it makes the study or laboratory experiments available in an accessible way. Bringing the student closer to the spectrophotometric technique, promoting scientific development, and elaborating the hypothesis about using technology as an analysis tool. Conclusions: Experimental practices promote the development of research, which guide both teachers and students in the use of new technologies and in the development of new activities aimed at teaching, this work in question opens a range for the use of tools and methods of easy access and low cost.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48884807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.03_riss_pgs_29_36.pdf
J. Riss, Leovergildo R. Farias, Verônica Paula Souza, Glécio Ísavo Araújo, M. S. Vital
Background: Brazil suffers from a lack of basic sanitation in many regions, intensified in the Amazon region due to its difficult access. The application of natural coagulants is a promising alternative since it eliminates the use of chemicals, is a simple, low-cost method that is easy to reproduce, and is accessible to any community, thus promoting health and environmental improvements. On the other hand, the use of chemical coagulants can cause harm to the environment and human health. Aim: Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the coagulation effect of a species of Amazonian cactus applied in the treatment of water for human consumption. Methods: For the study, about 500 grams of the aerial part of the Cereus jamacaru was collected on the banks of the BR 174 in the region of Roraima. The spines were removed in the laboratory, the plant material was washed, cut to a thickness, dried in an oven at 60 °C for 36 hours, then ground and sieved until obtaining a powder, which was tested as a natural coagulant. The water used in the study was collected from the Branco River in Boa Vista, Roraima, and characterized its initial turbidity. Results: The dosage of 0.2g of the natural cactus coagulant showed a significant reduction in the turbidity of the study water, leaving it within the potability standards established for groundwater. Discussion: Coagulation in the sanitary context is evidenced by the removal of microscopic particles associated with pathogenic microorganisms, normally found in raw water and with very low sedimentation speed. Replacing polluting chemical substances with natural coagulants in the treatment of water for human consumption contributes to the quality of life. Conclusion: The Amazonian cactus Cereus jamacaru demonstrated coagulation efficiency for analyzing the turbidity parameter of water for human consumption.
{"title":"EFFECT OF AMAZON CACTUS (Cereus jamacaru) AS A NATURAL COAGULANT FOR THE REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY FROM SURFACE WATER","authors":"J. Riss, Leovergildo R. Farias, Verônica Paula Souza, Glécio Ísavo Araújo, M. S. Vital","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.03_riss_pgs_29_36.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.03_riss_pgs_29_36.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brazil suffers from a lack of basic sanitation in many regions, intensified in the Amazon region due to its difficult access. The application of natural coagulants is a promising alternative since it eliminates the use of chemicals, is a simple, low-cost method that is easy to reproduce, and is accessible to any community, thus promoting health and environmental improvements. On the other hand, the use of chemical coagulants can cause harm to the environment and human health. Aim: Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the coagulation effect of a species of Amazonian cactus applied in the treatment of water for human consumption. Methods: For the study, about 500 grams of the aerial part of the Cereus jamacaru was collected on the banks of the BR 174 in the region of Roraima. The spines were removed in the laboratory, the plant material was washed, cut to a thickness, dried in an oven at 60 °C for 36 hours, then ground and sieved until obtaining a powder, which was tested as a natural coagulant. The water used in the study was collected from the Branco River in Boa Vista, Roraima, and characterized its initial turbidity. Results: The dosage of 0.2g of the natural cactus coagulant showed a significant reduction in the turbidity of the study water, leaving it within the potability standards established for groundwater. Discussion: Coagulation in the sanitary context is evidenced by the removal of microscopic particles associated with pathogenic microorganisms, normally found in raw water and with very low sedimentation speed. Replacing polluting chemical substances with natural coagulants in the treatment of water for human consumption contributes to the quality of life. Conclusion: The Amazonian cactus Cereus jamacaru demonstrated coagulation efficiency for analyzing the turbidity parameter of water for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41476759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.04_moradi_pgs_37_45.pdf
M. Asadi-Samani, M. Moghni, S. Kheiri, M. Moradi, Z. Khorrami
Background: Estimation of seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies can be used to predict the epidemic more accurately and estimate the vulnerability of the community, gain information on disease progression, and manage disease treatment. Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against the COVID-19 virus in the urban population of Shahrekord county (Iran). Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 690 people living in Shahrekord county referred to medical diagnostic laboratories in the county between October to December 2020 were identified, and their serum IgG levels were measured using ELISA. Chi-square and Spearman’s test in SPSS 20 were used to investigate the relationship between variables. Results: Out of 690 samples, 190 were positive for IgG antibodies against COVID-19. The frequency of positive antibodies was 27.5% [CI 95%: 23.1-30 (26.9% in men and 28% in women)]. There was no significant relationship between the seroprevalence of COVID-19 and gender, occupation, marital status, and BMI (P>0.05). Seroprevalence of COVID-19 was significantly higher in individuals with a history of contact with an infected person, individuals with COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic, individuals with a history of definitive diagnosis based on PCR, and individuals aged over 60 years (P<0.05). Discussion: Based on the results, the seroprevalence of antibodies against COVID-19 in the study population was 27.5% and more than the prevalence of the disease based on molecular screening tests. Conclusion: Determination of IgG antibodies prevalence against COVID-19 in the community to help in more accurate prediction of the epidemic can be used in managing the disease.
{"title":"SEROPREVALENCE OF COVID-19 IGG ANTIBODIES IN SHAHREKORD COUNTY, IRAN","authors":"M. Asadi-Samani, M. Moghni, S. Kheiri, M. Moradi, Z. Khorrami","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.04_moradi_pgs_37_45.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022.04_moradi_pgs_37_45.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Estimation of seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies can be used to predict the epidemic more accurately and estimate the vulnerability of the community, gain information on disease progression, and manage disease treatment. Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against the COVID-19 virus in the urban population of Shahrekord county (Iran). Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 690 people living in Shahrekord county referred to medical diagnostic laboratories in the county between October to December 2020 were identified, and their serum IgG levels were measured using ELISA. Chi-square and Spearman’s test in SPSS 20 were used to investigate the relationship between variables. Results: Out of 690 samples, 190 were positive for IgG antibodies against COVID-19. The frequency of positive antibodies was 27.5% [CI 95%: 23.1-30 (26.9% in men and 28% in women)]. There was no significant relationship between the seroprevalence of COVID-19 and gender, occupation, marital status, and BMI (P>0.05). Seroprevalence of COVID-19 was significantly higher in individuals with a history of contact with an infected person, individuals with COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic, individuals with a history of definitive diagnosis based on PCR, and individuals aged over 60 years (P<0.05). Discussion: Based on the results, the seroprevalence of antibodies against COVID-19 in the study population was 27.5% and more than the prevalence of the disease based on molecular screening tests. Conclusion: Determination of IgG antibodies prevalence against COVID-19 in the community to help in more accurate prediction of the epidemic can be used in managing the disease.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41780037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022_06_rubashvili_pgs_60_74.pdf
I. Rubashvili, Mzia Tsitsagi, K. Ebralidze
Background: Apple pomace represents a low-cost and rich source of bioactive compounds with valuable properties - ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA). Due to the wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, these compounds have a high commercial value, and possessing a suitable analytical method with measurement uncertainty is of great significance and practicability. Aim: The purpose of the present work was to estimate detailed measurement uncertainty for the validated HPLC method combined with the extraction procedure for the determination of UA and OA in apple pomace. Methods: The chromatographic analysis using LC-20AD Prominence Shimadzu System and ultrasound-assisted extraction using the ultrasonic bath DW-5200DTS were performed to obtain and determine UA and OA in apple pomace. The process of measurement uncertainty evaluation was performed by the Ishikawa diagram and a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches. Results: The content of UA and OA (mg/g) in apple pomace with the value of the expanded uncertainty was calculated, which is 7.06 ± 0.647 mg/g (k=1.96; P=95%) and 4.70 ± 0.422 mg/g (k=1.96; P=95%), respectively. Six sources of all the contributors of uncertainties were observed that affected the measurement. Discussion: The A-type standard uncertainty value was 3 times less than the B-type standard uncertainty for both analytes. The results show that B-type standard uncertainty is a major contributor, and the value of the expanded uncertainty of the validated method will not change from test to test in the same laboratory conditions. Conclusions: The methodology described in this work explains well the details and practical aspects of the hybrid approach using the method validation data and proposes step-by-step instructions to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the quantitative method.
{"title":"MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF URSOLIC AND OLEANOLIC ACIDS IN APPLE PROCESSING AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTE MATERIAL","authors":"I. Rubashvili, Mzia Tsitsagi, K. Ebralidze","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022_06_rubashvili_pgs_60_74.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n42.2022_06_rubashvili_pgs_60_74.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Apple pomace represents a low-cost and rich source of bioactive compounds with valuable properties - ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA). Due to the wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, these compounds have a high commercial value, and possessing a suitable analytical method with measurement uncertainty is of great significance and practicability. Aim: The purpose of the present work was to estimate detailed measurement uncertainty for the validated HPLC method combined with the extraction procedure for the determination of UA and OA in apple pomace. Methods: The chromatographic analysis using LC-20AD Prominence Shimadzu System and ultrasound-assisted extraction using the ultrasonic bath DW-5200DTS were performed to obtain and determine UA and OA in apple pomace. The process of measurement uncertainty evaluation was performed by the Ishikawa diagram and a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches. Results: The content of UA and OA (mg/g) in apple pomace with the value of the expanded uncertainty was calculated, which is 7.06 ± 0.647 mg/g (k=1.96; P=95%) and 4.70 ± 0.422 mg/g (k=1.96; P=95%), respectively. Six sources of all the contributors of uncertainties were observed that affected the measurement. Discussion: The A-type standard uncertainty value was 3 times less than the B-type standard uncertainty for both analytes. The results show that B-type standard uncertainty is a major contributor, and the value of the expanded uncertainty of the validated method will not change from test to test in the same laboratory conditions. Conclusions: The methodology described in this work explains well the details and practical aspects of the hybrid approach using the method validation data and proposes step-by-step instructions to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the quantitative method.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022_06_pankratova_pgs_63_82.pdf
Galina DEMIANOVA-ROY, Irina Mataryeva, É. Atamanova, A. Pankratova, Yu.A. Pankratov
Background: The advancement of soybeans to the northern regions is associated with the need to increase the production of plant feed protein. Aim: to improve the soil through biological nitrogen fixation done during the cultivation of soybeans. Methods: The study was conducted in the Kostroma region from 2007-2017. The objects of the study were: the crop soybean varieties Mageva, Svapa, Lancet, Light, Kasatka, and specific microorganisms used to activate the process of nitrogen fixation. Various methods of setting laboratory, field, and production experiments were applied in compliance with the requirements of collecting and processing the obtained data. Laboratory experiments on artificial inoculation of soybean seeds with nitrogen-fixing microflora were carried out according to the method of G. S. Posypanov. Setting, plotting, conducting field and production experiments, and processing of the collected experimental data was carried out according to the generally accepted methods in the Russian Federation by B. A. Dospekhov and V. E. Eshchenko. Results and Discussion: The possibility of obtaining soybean mature seed material up to 1.8-2.0 t/ha, with gross protein yield up to 800 kg/ha, was established. Inoculation of soybean seeds with breeding strains of bacteria increases their yield by 14-30%, while 80-90% of environmentally friendly biological nitrogen was accumulated in the seed mass, increasing the fodder and nutritional quality of products. A local culture (from Russia) of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (K-2) was successfully used. The symbiotic effect leads to the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen, which is spent both for crop formation and for replenishment of soil reserves of this most important chemical element. Such nitrogen is ecologically clean and is considered as "biological nitrogen" (BN). The supply of biological nitrogen in the soil-plant system (60-70 kg/ha) was calculated. These values do not fully compensate for nitrogen removal with the soybean crop but allow us to reduce the use of more expensive and less environmentally safe mineral fertilizers. Conclusions: The economic costs of producing equivalent feed protein decreased twofold compared to growing traditional crops such as oats and barley. For the first time, specific results on the feasibility of introducing the studied soybean varieties into the Kostroma region of the Russian Federation have been established.
背景:大豆向北方地区的推进与增加植物饲料蛋白产量的需要有关。目的:探讨大豆栽培过程中生物固氮对土壤的改良作用。方法:2007-2017年在科斯特罗马地区进行研究。研究对象为大豆品种Mageva、Svapa、Lancet、Light和Kasatka，以及激活固氮过程的特定微生物。根据收集和处理所得数据的要求，采用了各种设置实验室、现场和生产实验的方法。根据波西帕诺夫(G. S. Posypanov)的方法，进行了大豆种子人工接种固氮菌群的室内试验。根据Dospekhov和Eshchenko在俄罗斯联邦普遍接受的方法，设置、绘制、进行现场和生产实验，并处理收集到的实验数据。结果与讨论:确定了大豆成熟种子材料产量可达1.8 ~ 2.0 t/ha，蛋白质总产量可达800 kg/ha的可能性。用育种菌株接种大豆种子，产量可提高14-30%，同时80-90%的环境友好型生物氮在种体中积累，提高了饲料质量和产品营养品质。成功地使用了一种来自俄罗斯的固氮细菌(K-2)的本地培养物。共生效应导致大气氮的同化，这些氮既用于作物生长，也用于补充土壤中最重要的化学元素。这种氮是生态清洁的，被认为是“生物氮”(BN)。计算了土壤-植物系统的生物氮供给量(60 ~ 70 kg/ha)。这些值不能完全补偿大豆作物的氮去除，但使我们能够减少使用更昂贵和更不环保的矿物肥料。结论:与种植燕麦和大麦等传统作物相比，生产等量饲料蛋白的经济成本降低了两倍。首次确定了将所研究的大豆品种引入俄罗斯联邦科斯特罗马地区的可行性的具体结果。
{"title":"SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) AS AN ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL OBJECT OF INTRODUCTION TO THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF RUSSIA","authors":"Galina DEMIANOVA-ROY, Irina Mataryeva, É. Atamanova, A. Pankratova, Yu.A. Pankratov","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022_06_pankratova_pgs_63_82.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022_06_pankratova_pgs_63_82.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The advancement of soybeans to the northern regions is associated with the need to increase the production of plant feed protein. Aim: to improve the soil through biological nitrogen fixation done during the cultivation of soybeans. Methods: The study was conducted in the Kostroma region from 2007-2017. The objects of the study were: the crop soybean varieties Mageva, Svapa, Lancet, Light, Kasatka, and specific microorganisms used to activate the process of nitrogen fixation. Various methods of setting laboratory, field, and production experiments were applied in compliance with the requirements of collecting and processing the obtained data. Laboratory experiments on artificial inoculation of soybean seeds with nitrogen-fixing microflora were carried out according to the method of G. S. Posypanov. Setting, plotting, conducting field and production experiments, and processing of the collected experimental data was carried out according to the generally accepted methods in the Russian Federation by B. A. Dospekhov and V. E. Eshchenko. Results and Discussion: The possibility of obtaining soybean mature seed material up to 1.8-2.0 t/ha, with gross protein yield up to 800 kg/ha, was established. Inoculation of soybean seeds with breeding strains of bacteria increases their yield by 14-30%, while 80-90% of environmentally friendly biological nitrogen was accumulated in the seed mass, increasing the fodder and nutritional quality of products. A local culture (from Russia) of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (K-2) was successfully used. The symbiotic effect leads to the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen, which is spent both for crop formation and for replenishment of soil reserves of this most important chemical element. Such nitrogen is ecologically clean and is considered as \"biological nitrogen\" (BN). The supply of biological nitrogen in the soil-plant system (60-70 kg/ha) was calculated. These values do not fully compensate for nitrogen removal with the soybean crop but allow us to reduce the use of more expensive and less environmentally safe mineral fertilizers. Conclusions: The economic costs of producing equivalent feed protein decreased twofold compared to growing traditional crops such as oats and barley. For the first time, specific results on the feasibility of introducing the studied soybean varieties into the Kostroma region of the Russian Federation have been established.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48789688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2022.02_korotkaya_pgs_18_25.pdf
E. Korotkaya, Igor Korotkiy, E. Neverov, G. Sahabutdinova, E. Monastyrskaya
Background: The use of biopolymer packaging materials for freezing and low-temperature storage keeps food items qualitative and safe. It also reduces environmental pollution caused by biopolymer petrolic materials that have a long biodegradation period. Aim: It is necessary to find out the possibility of using biopolymer film “CornBag” in the low-temperature preservation of food items. Methods: Freezing and low-temperature storage of polymer films were carried out in chest freezers Liebherr LGT 2325 Mediline and VESTFROST Solutions VT 078. The tensile testing machine Labthink XLW (M) measured physical and mechanical properties. Results and Discussion: The article covers the results of researching low-temperature effects on physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength and tensile strength at break) of biopolymer film “CornBag” derived by polymerizing starch from corn and sweet potato, low-temperature action having been performed in the range of -60 º? to -20 ºC for 90 days. It has been found that during the storage period, the action of low temperatures does not reduce the strength properties of the biopolymer film significantly. Changes in the strength properties of the biopolymer film and the biaxially oriented polypropylene film under long-term effects of low temperatures have been differentially analyzed. Changes in tensile strength at the break having been analyzed, stretch diagrams of the biopolymer and biaxially oriented films were obtained. It has been concluded that the strength properties of biopolymer film “CornBag” decline to no more than 12.5 % after 90-day storage under -60 ºC. Conclusions: The biopolymer film is equal to the biaxially oriented polypropylene film and can be recommended for freezing and low-temperature storage of food items.
{"title":"BIOPOLYMER PACKAGING APPLICATION FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE FOOD PRESERVATION","authors":"E. Korotkaya, Igor Korotkiy, E. Neverov, G. Sahabutdinova, E. Monastyrskaya","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2022.02_korotkaya_pgs_18_25.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2022.02_korotkaya_pgs_18_25.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of biopolymer packaging materials for freezing and low-temperature storage keeps food items qualitative and safe. It also reduces environmental pollution caused by biopolymer petrolic materials that have a long biodegradation period. Aim: It is necessary to find out the possibility of using biopolymer film “CornBag” in the low-temperature preservation of food items. Methods: Freezing and low-temperature storage of polymer films were carried out in chest freezers Liebherr LGT 2325 Mediline and VESTFROST Solutions VT 078. The tensile testing machine Labthink XLW (M) measured physical and mechanical properties. Results and Discussion: The article covers the results of researching low-temperature effects on physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength and tensile strength at break) of biopolymer film “CornBag” derived by polymerizing starch from corn and sweet potato, low-temperature action having been performed in the range of -60 º? to -20 ºC for 90 days. It has been found that during the storage period, the action of low temperatures does not reduce the strength properties of the biopolymer film significantly. Changes in the strength properties of the biopolymer film and the biaxially oriented polypropylene film under long-term effects of low temperatures have been differentially analyzed. Changes in tensile strength at the break having been analyzed, stretch diagrams of the biopolymer and biaxially oriented films were obtained. It has been concluded that the strength properties of biopolymer film “CornBag” decline to no more than 12.5 % after 90-day storage under -60 ºC. Conclusions: The biopolymer film is equal to the biaxially oriented polypropylene film and can be recommended for freezing and low-temperature storage of food items.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.05_mohsen_pgs_48_62.pdf
Maysaa J. Mohsen, M. Al-Dawody
Background: The depletion of petroleum resources and strict environmental concerns have sparked researchers to focus on searching for alternative energy sources for conventional petroleum fuels. These issues call for increasing awareness of effectively using the present reserves and turning to the use of alternative fuels. One of the solutions to achieving this is using gaseous fuels in addition to diesel fuel in diesel engines, such as hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas. LPG dual-fuel engines are diesel engines modified to use LPG as the primary fuel and diesel as the secondary fuel. Aim: This study aimed to review the impact of inducting LPG through the intake manifold and directly into the combustion chamber on the combustion, performance, and emission parameters of diesel engines. Methods: This study presents a systematic review of the literature in which scientific articles were used as bibliographic sources. The selection of articles was carried out through a search in different databases. All articles found from the year 2001 to 2021 were initially selected. The following keywords were used diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, gas-powered diesel engines, and technologies. Terms were searched separately. The search strategy used to search the databases was based on the use of the following descriptors and keywords: (“diesel” AND “liquefied petroleum gas”) OR (“gas-powered diesel engines” AND “technologies”). As an exclusion criterion, all articles that did not approach LPG as the gaseous fuel in the dual-fuel engine were excluded from the work. After this survey, the total number of references used in this study was 66 articles. Results and Discussion: the results have shown that the qualities can be improved by using the techniques and concepts that have been developed. The engine and its component elements and the gas system were put through their paces in a laboratory setting. Other tests were conducted using theoretical analysis software like diesel RK. Combustion may occur either when the gas is introduced directly into the combustion chamber or when it is introduced indirectly via the air manifold and mixed with air. Conclusions: Using LPG in the CI engine improves mixing and combustion, lowers fuel consumption, and enhances emission characteristics while lowering costs. When LPG is put into an engine, the engine's performance dramatically improves. Gaseous LPG is injected into the combustion chamber to create a lean, uniform air-LPG mixture. Due to this consistent mixture, NOx emissions are drastically reduced. Increasing the temperature of the intake charge improves the thermal brake efficiency and reduces emissions of HC and CO.
{"title":"EFFECT OF USING LPG OF DIESEL ENGINE: A REVIEW","authors":"Maysaa J. Mohsen, M. Al-Dawody","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.05_mohsen_pgs_48_62.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.05_mohsen_pgs_48_62.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The depletion of petroleum resources and strict environmental concerns have sparked researchers to focus on searching for alternative energy sources for conventional petroleum fuels. These issues call for increasing awareness of effectively using the present reserves and turning to the use of alternative fuels. One of the solutions to achieving this is using gaseous fuels in addition to diesel fuel in diesel engines, such as hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas. LPG dual-fuel engines are diesel engines modified to use LPG as the primary fuel and diesel as the secondary fuel. Aim: This study aimed to review the impact of inducting LPG through the intake manifold and directly into the combustion chamber on the combustion, performance, and emission parameters of diesel engines. Methods: This study presents a systematic review of the literature in which scientific articles were used as bibliographic sources. The selection of articles was carried out through a search in different databases. All articles found from the year 2001 to 2021 were initially selected. The following keywords were used diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, gas-powered diesel engines, and technologies. Terms were searched separately. The search strategy used to search the databases was based on the use of the following descriptors and keywords: (“diesel” AND “liquefied petroleum gas”) OR (“gas-powered diesel engines” AND “technologies”). As an exclusion criterion, all articles that did not approach LPG as the gaseous fuel in the dual-fuel engine were excluded from the work. After this survey, the total number of references used in this study was 66 articles. Results and Discussion: the results have shown that the qualities can be improved by using the techniques and concepts that have been developed. The engine and its component elements and the gas system were put through their paces in a laboratory setting. Other tests were conducted using theoretical analysis software like diesel RK. Combustion may occur either when the gas is introduced directly into the combustion chamber or when it is introduced indirectly via the air manifold and mixed with air. Conclusions: Using LPG in the CI engine improves mixing and combustion, lowers fuel consumption, and enhances emission characteristics while lowering costs. When LPG is put into an engine, the engine's performance dramatically improves. Gaseous LPG is injected into the combustion chamber to create a lean, uniform air-LPG mixture. Due to this consistent mixture, NOx emissions are drastically reduced. Increasing the temperature of the intake charge improves the thermal brake efficiency and reduces emissions of HC and CO.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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