Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.01_torres_pgs_01_17.pdf
T. Torres, Bibiana CUERVO MONTOYA, Katerin Valencia
Background: Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE) is an educational strategy in which students follow methods and practices similar to those carried out by scientists to build new knowledge. Aims: The objective of this research has been to analyze the challenges posed by inquiry activities in the initial training of physics teachers. Methods: The present study was exploratory in nature. The sample was made up of 60 students from a physics teacher training program. The data were collected through the Mathematics and Science in Life questionnaire, MASCIL. Results and Discussion: showed that inquiry activities are a potential resource for science education. In addition, it was found that when the activities are implemented systematically (that is, planned and designed with well-defined purposes), both students and teachers are more active and committed in their participation, and students can improve their performance. Likewise, the results showed that teachers have positive views based on the benefits for students and science learning and perceive significant systemic and personal barriers to implementing IBSE even after decades of political efforts to improve science education. Teachers expressed frustration at the lack of time, teaching resources, classroom management, and the demands of delivery, evaluation, and accountability of the curriculum. Furthermore, there is an emphasis on practical activities and student motivation but not on cognitive and epistemic aspects showing points of view that are not well aligned with the current understanding of the type of research that best supports learning. Conclusions: The implications for research and practice suggest that there is still a need to expand knowledge on how to help teachers make the most of this strategy.
{"title":"CONTRIBUTION OF INQUIRY-BASED PHYSICS TEACHING AND LEARNING IN INITIAL TEACHER TRAINING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES","authors":"T. Torres, Bibiana CUERVO MONTOYA, Katerin Valencia","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.01_torres_pgs_01_17.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.01_torres_pgs_01_17.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE) is an educational strategy in which students follow methods and practices similar to those carried out by scientists to build new knowledge. Aims: The objective of this research has been to analyze the challenges posed by inquiry activities in the initial training of physics teachers. Methods: The present study was exploratory in nature. The sample was made up of 60 students from a physics teacher training program. The data were collected through the Mathematics and Science in Life questionnaire, MASCIL. Results and Discussion: showed that inquiry activities are a potential resource for science education. In addition, it was found that when the activities are implemented systematically (that is, planned and designed with well-defined purposes), both students and teachers are more active and committed in their participation, and students can improve their performance. Likewise, the results showed that teachers have positive views based on the benefits for students and science learning and perceive significant systemic and personal barriers to implementing IBSE even after decades of political efforts to improve science education. Teachers expressed frustration at the lack of time, teaching resources, classroom management, and the demands of delivery, evaluation, and accountability of the curriculum. Furthermore, there is an emphasis on practical activities and student motivation but not on cognitive and epistemic aspects showing points of view that are not well aligned with the current understanding of the type of research that best supports learning. Conclusions: The implications for research and practice suggest that there is still a need to expand knowledge on how to help teachers make the most of this strategy.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44830785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.03_gomes_pgs_26_34.pdf
P. R. B. Gomes, Romicy Dermondes Souza, H. C. Louzeiro, Silvio Carvalho Marinho, V. E. Mouchrek Filho
Background: The drugs normally used to combat food pathogens have some limitations, such as waste accumulation in the environment and bacterial resistance. Given this problem, alternative treatments, such as the use of essential oils, have been investigated. Essential oils containing linalool usually have high biological activity, despite this, few investigations have been dedicated to the biological activity of the essential oil of Aniba duckei, which has as major component linalool. Aim: In this work, we investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves of Aniba duckei obtained by hydrodistillation. Methods: The leaves and branches of the species Aniba duckei were collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, in the morning. The essential oil was obtained by the hydrodistillation method and characterized by GC/MS gas chromatography to identify the major components present in the oil. Soon after, the biological activity of the essential oil was tested using the Bauer Kirby method. The strains tested were Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results and Discussion: The findings show that the major component of the oil is linalool. The most relevant secondary components are ?-terpineol, ?-copaene and ?-guaieno. As for biological activity, it was observed that the oil showed inhibition halos ranging from 10-22 mm, indicating strong activity against the microorganisms tested. Conclusions: The essential oil of Aniba duckei has potential for application as an antimicrobial agent.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ANIBA DUCKEI ESSENTIAL OIL","authors":"P. R. B. Gomes, Romicy Dermondes Souza, H. C. Louzeiro, Silvio Carvalho Marinho, V. E. Mouchrek Filho","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.03_gomes_pgs_26_34.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.03_gomes_pgs_26_34.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The drugs normally used to combat food pathogens have some limitations, such as waste accumulation in the environment and bacterial resistance. Given this problem, alternative treatments, such as the use of essential oils, have been investigated. Essential oils containing linalool usually have high biological activity, despite this, few investigations have been dedicated to the biological activity of the essential oil of Aniba duckei, which has as major component linalool. Aim: In this work, we investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves of Aniba duckei obtained by hydrodistillation. Methods: The leaves and branches of the species Aniba duckei were collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, in the morning. The essential oil was obtained by the hydrodistillation method and characterized by GC/MS gas chromatography to identify the major components present in the oil. Soon after, the biological activity of the essential oil was tested using the Bauer Kirby method. The strains tested were Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results and Discussion: The findings show that the major component of the oil is linalool. The most relevant secondary components are ?-terpineol, ?-copaene and ?-guaieno. As for biological activity, it was observed that the oil showed inhibition halos ranging from 10-22 mm, indicating strong activity against the microorganisms tested. Conclusions: The essential oil of Aniba duckei has potential for application as an antimicrobial agent.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.04_gul_pgs_35_47.pdf
Gül Kozalak, Nazente Atçeken, R. Ozgul
Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases are the long-term response of the organism to any stimulus. Crohn's (CD) and Celiac (CeD) diseases are among chronic inflammatory diseases, and both cause chronic inflammation in the intestines. Both diseases are caused by polygenic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors. Inflammation can perpetuate disease and cause it to become chronic. For this reason, CD and CeD that choose the intestine as the target organ may trigger each other. Although the relationship between these diseases is widely mentioned in the literature, scanty knowledge and research have been done on the immune mechanisms of these inflammatory diseases. Aim: This study aimed to determine hub genes, transcription factors-miRNAs, and protein-chemical interaction networks shared between CD and CeD. Methods: The NCBI-GEO datasets were downloaded and analyzed in GEO2R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). STRING tool for Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and NetworkAnalyst tool were used for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Transcription factor (TF) - miRNA Coregulatory Networks, and Protein-Chemical Interactions. Results and Discussion: GSE11501 and GSE3365 datasets were utilized to recognize 54 DEGs in CD, and CeD. 13 of these commonly expressed genes were defined as hub genes. GSEA has indicated that these genes are associated with immune system processes, cellular defense response, proteolysis, and apoptosis. KAT6A and SPI1 are transcription factors that direct the continuity of intestinal epithelial cells. Antirheumatic agents and Methotrexate are likely to be used to treat these diseases. Conclusions: In conclusion, we think that delayed-type hypersensitivity resulting from epitope propagation is a common immune mechanism of CD and CeD. Given the increasing prevalence of both CD and CeD in the population, it is clear that more studies are needed to understand the shared pathogenesis and overlapping immune mechanisms of these diseases.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF HUB GENES AND KEY PATHWAYS BETWEEN CELIAC AND CROHN'S DISEASES VIA BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS","authors":"Gül Kozalak, Nazente Atçeken, R. Ozgul","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.04_gul_pgs_35_47.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n41.2022.04_gul_pgs_35_47.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases are the long-term response of the organism to any stimulus. Crohn's (CD) and Celiac (CeD) diseases are among chronic inflammatory diseases, and both cause chronic inflammation in the intestines. Both diseases are caused by polygenic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors. Inflammation can perpetuate disease and cause it to become chronic. For this reason, CD and CeD that choose the intestine as the target organ may trigger each other. Although the relationship between these diseases is widely mentioned in the literature, scanty knowledge and research have been done on the immune mechanisms of these inflammatory diseases. Aim: This study aimed to determine hub genes, transcription factors-miRNAs, and protein-chemical interaction networks shared between CD and CeD. Methods: The NCBI-GEO datasets were downloaded and analyzed in GEO2R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). STRING tool for Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and NetworkAnalyst tool were used for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Transcription factor (TF) - miRNA Coregulatory Networks, and Protein-Chemical Interactions. Results and Discussion: GSE11501 and GSE3365 datasets were utilized to recognize 54 DEGs in CD, and CeD. 13 of these commonly expressed genes were defined as hub genes. GSEA has indicated that these genes are associated with immune system processes, cellular defense response, proteolysis, and apoptosis. KAT6A and SPI1 are transcription factors that direct the continuity of intestinal epithelial cells. Antirheumatic agents and Methotrexate are likely to be used to treat these diseases. Conclusions: In conclusion, we think that delayed-type hypersensitivity resulting from epitope propagation is a common immune mechanism of CD and CeD. Given the increasing prevalence of both CD and CeD in the population, it is clear that more studies are needed to understand the shared pathogenesis and overlapping immune mechanisms of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42311912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.07_galiassi_pgs_69_75.pdf
Gabriela Regina Rosa Galiassi, Maribel Valverde Ramirez
Background: Heat treatment is one of the most used methods to preserve food, such as orange juice, increasing its shelf life. However, little is known about the temperature and speed profiles during heat treatment of liquid food in commercial packaging. Aim: This work aimed to determine the vitamin C content and the convective heat transfer coefficient in the pasteurization of orange juice. Methods: Two tests were performed: in test 1, the heating started with a water bath at 22 ºC and was heated to 80 ºC. In test 2, the water bath started at 80 ºC. Results and Discussion: The convective heat transfer coefficient was analyzed in the wall region, and it is higher in test 2. In both tests, the curve graphic profile follows the same literature trend. Regarding vitamin C, in test 1, there was a reduction in it. In test 2, it remained constant. Conclusions: Studying the thermal behavior of orange juice is extremely important to ensure its quality. In order to avoid this degradation and reduce its loss, it is necessary that in thermal treatments, rapid heating is carried out and that the juice has low exposure to air and heat at the time of its preparation.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL INFLUENCE ON VITAMIN C CONTENT IN PASTEURIZATION OF ORANGE JUICE IN TWO TYPES OF HEATING","authors":"Gabriela Regina Rosa Galiassi, Maribel Valverde Ramirez","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.07_galiassi_pgs_69_75.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.07_galiassi_pgs_69_75.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heat treatment is one of the most used methods to preserve food, such as orange juice, increasing its shelf life. However, little is known about the temperature and speed profiles during heat treatment of liquid food in commercial packaging. Aim: This work aimed to determine the vitamin C content and the convective heat transfer coefficient in the pasteurization of orange juice. Methods: Two tests were performed: in test 1, the heating started with a water bath at 22 ºC and was heated to 80 ºC. In test 2, the water bath started at 80 ºC. Results and Discussion: The convective heat transfer coefficient was analyzed in the wall region, and it is higher in test 2. In both tests, the curve graphic profile follows the same literature trend. Regarding vitamin C, in test 1, there was a reduction in it. In test 2, it remained constant. Conclusions: Studying the thermal behavior of orange juice is extremely important to ensure its quality. In order to avoid this degradation and reduce its loss, it is necessary that in thermal treatments, rapid heating is carried out and that the juice has low exposure to air and heat at the time of its preparation.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44333887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.04_rosa_pgs_35_42.pdf
Beatriz Pereira Borges Rosa, Ligia Marcondes Rodrigues dos Santos
Background: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is a fruit of socioeconomic importance in Brazil, and its consumption occurs in natura and also in the form of processed products. There are a lot of losses that occur along the entire production chain. The disadvantage due to its high perishability becomes a problem for producers. One of the alternatives developed for its use is fermentation, which is an efficient and low-cost technology, being an option for the food industry and the production of fermented beverages. The use of tomato pulp for this type of production will avoid waste, add important nutritional value to the drink and reduce food waste. In the present study, the production of alcoholic fermented beverages was elaborated, analyzed, and compared through the pulp of two tomato varieties, Italian (Solanum lycopersicum) and Sweet Grape (Sweet heaven). Aims: To study the production of alcoholic fermented two tomato varieties, Italian and Sweet Grape. Methods: The concentration of soluble solids, pH and alcohol content (%v/v) were analyzed, in the fermentation process of the two varieties, higher alcohol content was observed in Sweet Grape. Results and Discussion: The results were acceptable, demonstrating that there is a possibility of producing a fermented tomato drink Conclusions: The production of a fermented tomato drink becomes an alternative for the use of the fruits, but it is necessary to make the chaptalization to obtain a higher alcohol content.
{"title":"STUDY OF FERMENTED BEVERAGES WITH ITALIAN TOMATOES AND SWEET GRAPE TOMATOES.","authors":"Beatriz Pereira Borges Rosa, Ligia Marcondes Rodrigues dos Santos","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.04_rosa_pgs_35_42.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.04_rosa_pgs_35_42.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is a fruit of socioeconomic importance in Brazil, and its consumption occurs in natura and also in the form of processed products. There are a lot of losses that occur along the entire production chain. The disadvantage due to its high perishability becomes a problem for producers. One of the alternatives developed for its use is fermentation, which is an efficient and low-cost technology, being an option for the food industry and the production of fermented beverages. The use of tomato pulp for this type of production will avoid waste, add important nutritional value to the drink and reduce food waste. In the present study, the production of alcoholic fermented beverages was elaborated, analyzed, and compared through the pulp of two tomato varieties, Italian (Solanum lycopersicum) and Sweet Grape (Sweet heaven). Aims: To study the production of alcoholic fermented two tomato varieties, Italian and Sweet Grape. Methods: The concentration of soluble solids, pH and alcohol content (%v/v) were analyzed, in the fermentation process of the two varieties, higher alcohol content was observed in Sweet Grape. Results and Discussion: The results were acceptable, demonstrating that there is a possibility of producing a fermented tomato drink Conclusions: The production of a fermented tomato drink becomes an alternative for the use of the fruits, but it is necessary to make the chaptalization to obtain a higher alcohol content.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43403039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.02_isaac_pgs_20_25.pdf
Isaac N. L. Silva, Marta Lorenzini, Simone Ávila
Background: The Cobb angle is broadly used for measuring scoliotic curvatures. But this method requires patients to undergo radiography. Objective: in this work, a new methodology for human vertebral spine deviation measurement is presented as a way to better the clinic monitoring of the evolution of scoliosis. Method: the proposed method consists of routines for measuring curvatures and angles, which can be implemented in computer programs. The new methodology can be applied to photographs of the patient column, needing only the identification of the points that define each vertebra by markers. The deviation is determined on two dimensions photos, though the routines presented here can be adapted to three-dimension data. Results: the results attained so far point to a robust method and suitable for clinical use, with uncertainties consistent with those obtained with the Cobb method, thus avoiding the recurrent use of expensive examinations and patient health deleterious exposition to X-rays. Conclusions: the method for evaluating the scoliotic angle presented in this study may be a more objective, simple to use, and low-cost alternative compared to the Cobb method, and although it still requires follow-up and analysis by a qualified healthcare professional, it can reduce x-ray exposure of patients being treated for spinal deviations.
{"title":"NEW METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN SPINE SCOLIOSIS BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHY","authors":"Isaac N. L. Silva, Marta Lorenzini, Simone Ávila","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.02_isaac_pgs_20_25.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.02_isaac_pgs_20_25.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Cobb angle is broadly used for measuring scoliotic curvatures. But this method requires patients to undergo radiography. Objective: in this work, a new methodology for human vertebral spine deviation measurement is presented as a way to better the clinic monitoring of the evolution of scoliosis. Method: the proposed method consists of routines for measuring curvatures and angles, which can be implemented in computer programs. The new methodology can be applied to photographs of the patient column, needing only the identification of the points that define each vertebra by markers. The deviation is determined on two dimensions photos, though the routines presented here can be adapted to three-dimension data. Results: the results attained so far point to a robust method and suitable for clinical use, with uncertainties consistent with those obtained with the Cobb method, thus avoiding the recurrent use of expensive examinations and patient health deleterious exposition to X-rays. Conclusions: the method for evaluating the scoliotic angle presented in this study may be a more objective, simple to use, and low-cost alternative compared to the Cobb method, and although it still requires follow-up and analysis by a qualified healthcare professional, it can reduce x-ray exposure of patients being treated for spinal deviations.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46061662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.06_turki_pgs_54_68.pdf
A. T. Al-Musawi, E. E. Al-Shamary
Background: Levan is a promising safe, renewable, and environmentally friendly exocellular homopolysaccharides. It has recently gained increasing research interest because of its significant impact on biotechnology applications due to its biocompatibility and ability to biodegradability. Aim: The study aimed to determine some of the optimal cultural conditions for levan production by studying many parameters affecting production by local isolation Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis Strain AE77). Methods: B. subtilis Strain AE77 It was obtained from the Department of Food Science/College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences as a local levan-producing isolate isolated from rotten sweets. The Mineral Salts Broth (MSB) medium was approved to study the optimized conditions for levan production. Then precipitation of levan from the fermentation medium. Then the identification of levan with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology by estimating the retention time of levan, compared with the standard model produced from the bacterial isolate Erwinia herbicola (E.herbicola). Besides, each of the standard solutions of sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose). Results: The study results proved that the polysaccharide produced from this isolate is pure and consists of fructose and is a homopolysaccharide with the HPLC technique. The best levan production was from B. subtilis Strain AE77 using a modified MSB medium of 20% sucrose in a 48 hours incubation period. An inoculum volume of 1×108 cell/ml at a concentration of 2% at an incubation temperature of 35 °C and pH = 7.0 and agitation speed of 150 rpm reached 4.80 g/100ml. Conclusion: HPLC was used to separate, identify and quantify both B.subtilis Strain AE77 and standard levan produced from the bacterial isolate E. herbicola, as well as standard fructose, glucose, and sucrose, respectively. The results showed that levan is a homopolysaccharide consisting of one type of monomer (the fructose sugar units). Conditions for levan production were determined by isolating B. subtilis Strain AE77 in a sucrose medium. The results showed that the optimal medium for production contained 20% sucrose without any nitrogen source, pH7.0, and inoculum volume 1x108 cell/ml at a concentration of 2% at a temperature of 35 °C agitation speed 150 rpm, and incubation period of 48 hours.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR LEVAN PRODUCTION FROM THE LOCAL ISOLATE OF Bacillus subtilis Strain AE77","authors":"A. T. Al-Musawi, E. E. Al-Shamary","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.06_turki_pgs_54_68.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.06_turki_pgs_54_68.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Levan is a promising safe, renewable, and environmentally friendly exocellular homopolysaccharides. It has recently gained increasing research interest because of its significant impact on biotechnology applications due to its biocompatibility and ability to biodegradability. Aim: The study aimed to determine some of the optimal cultural conditions for levan production by studying many parameters affecting production by local isolation Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis Strain AE77). Methods: B. subtilis Strain AE77 It was obtained from the Department of Food Science/College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences as a local levan-producing isolate isolated from rotten sweets. The Mineral Salts Broth (MSB) medium was approved to study the optimized conditions for levan production. Then precipitation of levan from the fermentation medium. Then the identification of levan with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology by estimating the retention time of levan, compared with the standard model produced from the bacterial isolate Erwinia herbicola (E.herbicola). Besides, each of the standard solutions of sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose). Results: The study results proved that the polysaccharide produced from this isolate is pure and consists of fructose and is a homopolysaccharide with the HPLC technique. The best levan production was from B. subtilis Strain AE77 using a modified MSB medium of 20% sucrose in a 48 hours incubation period. An inoculum volume of 1×108 cell/ml at a concentration of 2% at an incubation temperature of 35 °C and pH = 7.0 and agitation speed of 150 rpm reached 4.80 g/100ml. Conclusion: HPLC was used to separate, identify and quantify both B.subtilis Strain AE77 and standard levan produced from the bacterial isolate E. herbicola, as well as standard fructose, glucose, and sucrose, respectively. The results showed that levan is a homopolysaccharide consisting of one type of monomer (the fructose sugar units). Conditions for levan production were determined by isolating B. subtilis Strain AE77 in a sucrose medium. The results showed that the optimal medium for production contained 20% sucrose without any nitrogen source, pH7.0, and inoculum volume 1x108 cell/ml at a concentration of 2% at a temperature of 35 °C agitation speed 150 rpm, and incubation period of 48 hours.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.03_rubashvili_pgs_26_34.pdf
I. Rubashvili
Background: Cleaning validation is a critical analytical responsibility required by GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice), which confirms the effectiveness of the cleaning standard procedure in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process for all the produced drug products contacting the shared pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment. The need to carry out cleaning validation is especially important when the drug product is the “worst-case” for the cleaning procedure regarding solubility, therapeutic potency, toxicity, and surface adherence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Estimation of API residues requires a selective and sensitive method capable of quantitative determination of API traces remaining over the surface of manufacturing equipment after the cleaning procedure. Aim: The present study demonstrates the suitability and the applicability of the proposed method obtained with a combination of a sensitive, selective, and specific analytical HPLC and effective swab wipe sampling procedures for quantitative estimation of terbinafine residues in samples collected from pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment surfaces and the efficiency of the developed standard procedure for cleaning of the shared manufacturing equipment in support of cleaning validation. Methods: The swab sampling procedure was developed to obtain a suitable recovery (>80 %). The surface (sampling area – 25 cm2) was wiped with one swab moistened with methanol. The analytical procedure was developed using the HPLC system “Agilent 1260 Infinity II” and BDS Hypersil C18 250×4.6 mm, 5 ?m column with an isocratic elution of mobile phase. Results and Discussion: The developed combined method was validated concerning chromatographic system suitability test, specificity, linearity range, accuracy, precision, the limit of detection (LOD), and quantitation (LOQ). The stability of terbinafine HCl solutions in methanol, the swab material, and membrane filter compatibility was also studied. The calibration curve was linear (R2=0.99999) over a concentration range 0.00003-0.025 mg/mL; LOD – 0.000015 mg/mL, and LOQ – 0.00003 mg/mL; The determined concentrations of terbinafine residues in test solutions were not more than 0.00090 mg/mL which are below the limit of cross-contamination of the next drug product. Conclusions: The performed analytical study using the developed method with a combination of an analytical HPLC and swab sampling procedures for estimation of terbinafine residues on surfaces of the pharmaceutical equipment used during the manufacture of Terbinafine HCl 250 mg uncoated tablets demonstrates the validity of the cleaning procedure. Other quality control laboratories can apply the proposed method to carry out cleaning validation on various drug formulations of terbinafine HCl.
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TERBINAFINE RESIDUES ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT SURFACES","authors":"I. Rubashvili","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.03_rubashvili_pgs_26_34.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.03_rubashvili_pgs_26_34.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cleaning validation is a critical analytical responsibility required by GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice), which confirms the effectiveness of the cleaning standard procedure in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process for all the produced drug products contacting the shared pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment. The need to carry out cleaning validation is especially important when the drug product is the “worst-case” for the cleaning procedure regarding solubility, therapeutic potency, toxicity, and surface adherence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Estimation of API residues requires a selective and sensitive method capable of quantitative determination of API traces remaining over the surface of manufacturing equipment after the cleaning procedure. Aim: The present study demonstrates the suitability and the applicability of the proposed method obtained with a combination of a sensitive, selective, and specific analytical HPLC and effective swab wipe sampling procedures for quantitative estimation of terbinafine residues in samples collected from pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment surfaces and the efficiency of the developed standard procedure for cleaning of the shared manufacturing equipment in support of cleaning validation. Methods: The swab sampling procedure was developed to obtain a suitable recovery (>80 %). The surface (sampling area – 25 cm2) was wiped with one swab moistened with methanol. The analytical procedure was developed using the HPLC system “Agilent 1260 Infinity II” and BDS Hypersil C18 250×4.6 mm, 5 ?m column with an isocratic elution of mobile phase. Results and Discussion: The developed combined method was validated concerning chromatographic system suitability test, specificity, linearity range, accuracy, precision, the limit of detection (LOD), and quantitation (LOQ). The stability of terbinafine HCl solutions in methanol, the swab material, and membrane filter compatibility was also studied. The calibration curve was linear (R2=0.99999) over a concentration range 0.00003-0.025 mg/mL; LOD – 0.000015 mg/mL, and LOQ – 0.00003 mg/mL; The determined concentrations of terbinafine residues in test solutions were not more than 0.00090 mg/mL which are below the limit of cross-contamination of the next drug product. Conclusions: The performed analytical study using the developed method with a combination of an analytical HPLC and swab sampling procedures for estimation of terbinafine residues on surfaces of the pharmaceutical equipment used during the manufacture of Terbinafine HCl 250 mg uncoated tablets demonstrates the validity of the cleaning procedure. Other quality control laboratories can apply the proposed method to carry out cleaning validation on various drug formulations of terbinafine HCl.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43517005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.01_chirinos_pgs_01_19.pdf
C. Díez, Carlos Manuel Estrada, Oscar H. Varas, Caroline Pamela Camarena, Lari Jacson Atoc
Background: The world population has grown considerably, increasing the demand for primary resources, i.e., water, electricity; the generation of renewable electricity is the first aspiration of human beings. Radiation from the Sun is an extensive source of tenable energy, and this radiation fades in the depth of the ocean waters, making it possible to take benefit. Aim: The purpose of this work was to settle a process of absorbing Sun radiation and converting it into energy by considering a couple of geographical coordinate points, with a great differential of temperatures in the Oceans around South America, to implement thermal machines. Methods: This work processes temperature data taken from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) project, maintained by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Pacific Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Data were processed with Matlab 2009a Student Version. Water temperature implies the intensity degree of ocean heat energy. So, this study takes temperature data at Sea around South America to glean oceanic thermal energy means the Carnot machine method and gradients of temperatures. Results and Discussion: The more stable area annually to install thermal machines are farther than 35° from Panama Canal and Trujillo to the west meridian. The weaker values are found near Quito (Equator); but medium in the Atlantic Ocean, being the better location 15° to the East of Fortaleza de Sâo José de Macapá (Brazil). On the other side, a real gas could change its speed from 40.0 m/s below 500.0 m mean sea level (bmsl) up to 650.0 m/s at the Sea Surface, while an artificial gas from 20.0 m/s up to 400.0 m/s. Conclusions: This study exposes that the energy harvested on the coasts, the warmest of South America, brings sufficient energy to the neighboring population. During ENSO time (El Niño Southern Oscillation), the waters of the Pacific Ocean increase their thermal energy, so the output performance will be varied.
{"title":"RELIABILITY OF INSTALLING OCEANIC THERMAL ENERGY SOURCES AROUND SOUTH AMERICA BY DIVERGENCE OF TEMPERATURES","authors":"C. Díez, Carlos Manuel Estrada, Oscar H. Varas, Caroline Pamela Camarena, Lari Jacson Atoc","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.01_chirinos_pgs_01_19.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.01_chirinos_pgs_01_19.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world population has grown considerably, increasing the demand for primary resources, i.e., water, electricity; the generation of renewable electricity is the first aspiration of human beings. Radiation from the Sun is an extensive source of tenable energy, and this radiation fades in the depth of the ocean waters, making it possible to take benefit. Aim: The purpose of this work was to settle a process of absorbing Sun radiation and converting it into energy by considering a couple of geographical coordinate points, with a great differential of temperatures in the Oceans around South America, to implement thermal machines. Methods: This work processes temperature data taken from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) project, maintained by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Pacific Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Data were processed with Matlab 2009a Student Version. Water temperature implies the intensity degree of ocean heat energy. So, this study takes temperature data at Sea around South America to glean oceanic thermal energy means the Carnot machine method and gradients of temperatures. Results and Discussion: The more stable area annually to install thermal machines are farther than 35° from Panama Canal and Trujillo to the west meridian. The weaker values are found near Quito (Equator); but medium in the Atlantic Ocean, being the better location 15° to the East of Fortaleza de Sâo José de Macapá (Brazil). On the other side, a real gas could change its speed from 40.0 m/s below 500.0 m mean sea level (bmsl) up to 650.0 m/s at the Sea Surface, while an artificial gas from 20.0 m/s up to 400.0 m/s. Conclusions: This study exposes that the energy harvested on the coasts, the warmest of South America, brings sufficient energy to the neighboring population. During ENSO time (El Niño Southern Oscillation), the waters of the Pacific Ocean increase their thermal energy, so the output performance will be varied.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48480309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v18.n39.2021.05_prasetya_pgs_56_70.pdf
A. Prasetya, M. Alauhdin, S. Haryani
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has changed education dramatically. Teaching and learning are undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. Therefore, learning innovation needs to be carried out to keep and maintain the learning objectives. Unfortunately, some courses are challenging to carry out remotely, such as Instrumental analysis labwork. This chemistry labwork involves using modern analytical instrumentation, such as HPLC, AAS, and GC. Aim: In this study, an innovation of an online learning model of instrumental analysis labwork for chemistry students was carried out. The innovation aims to provide authentic and motivational experiences for students while learning remotely. Methods: The first innovation was carried out by verification experiments using an interactive virtual pH meter and visible spectrophotometer. The second was carried out by designing a creative project-based experiment. The experiment determined the concentration of colored solutions by utilizing digital cameras or smartphones and color image analysis software as a substitute for a visible spectrophotometer. The implementation of experiments with interactive virtual media was intended to introduce various analytical instrumentations. In addition, this also trained the students in processing and interpreting experimental data. Meanwhile, the project-based experiments were intended to prepare students to design and apply an experiment, then analyze and report the results creatively. Results and Discussion: The authentic assessment resulted in data literacy, technological literacy, and human literacy having high and very high criteria, namely 89%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. Meanwhile, students abilities in designing projects and processing data need to be improved. Conclusions: In general, the learning innovation developed is proven to increase the learning motivation of all students.
{"title":"LEARNING INNOVATION OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS LAB WORK FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS NEW LITERACIES AND LEARNING MOTIVATION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"A. Prasetya, M. Alauhdin, S. Haryani","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v18.n39.2021.05_prasetya_pgs_56_70.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n39.2021.05_prasetya_pgs_56_70.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has changed education dramatically. Teaching and learning are undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. Therefore, learning innovation needs to be carried out to keep and maintain the learning objectives. Unfortunately, some courses are challenging to carry out remotely, such as Instrumental analysis labwork. This chemistry labwork involves using modern analytical instrumentation, such as HPLC, AAS, and GC. Aim: In this study, an innovation of an online learning model of instrumental analysis labwork for chemistry students was carried out. The innovation aims to provide authentic and motivational experiences for students while learning remotely. Methods: The first innovation was carried out by verification experiments using an interactive virtual pH meter and visible spectrophotometer. The second was carried out by designing a creative project-based experiment. The experiment determined the concentration of colored solutions by utilizing digital cameras or smartphones and color image analysis software as a substitute for a visible spectrophotometer. The implementation of experiments with interactive virtual media was intended to introduce various analytical instrumentations. In addition, this also trained the students in processing and interpreting experimental data. Meanwhile, the project-based experiments were intended to prepare students to design and apply an experiment, then analyze and report the results creatively. Results and Discussion: The authentic assessment resulted in data literacy, technological literacy, and human literacy having high and very high criteria, namely 89%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. Meanwhile, students abilities in designing projects and processing data need to be improved. Conclusions: In general, the learning innovation developed is proven to increase the learning motivation of all students.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46075398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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