Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.52571/PTQ.V18.N37.2021.04_MUTHMAINNAH_PGS_48_56.PDF
Y. Devi, Rumaisah Abdillah, M. Muthmainnah
Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a glucose tolerance disorder that first appears during pregnancy. GDM can cause a variety of obstetric and perinatal complications for pregnant women and their fetuses. The prevalence of GDM in the city of Surabaya in 2015 amounted to 2.29%, increasing to 3.88% in 2018. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants (family history of diabetes mellitus, BMI, history of birth weight, parity, and the age of the pregnant woman) that influence the GDM. Methods: This research is an analytical study with an observational approach. The research design was carried out using a case-control study. In this study, the number of samples was 36 people, 6 cases, and 30 people as controls, and were taken randomly. The data source obtained from secondary data (medical records of pregnant women) at Mulyorejo Health Center Surabaya. The analysis used in this study was a simple logistic regression test. Results and Discussion: The result showed an effect of a family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.035) on the incidence of GDM. Parity was a potential variable (p = 0.077) on the incidence of GDM. Meanwhile, BMI, history of birth weight, and mother's age did not affect the incidence of GDM. Conclusion: Pregnant women with a family history of diabetes who are not balanced with maintaining a good lifestyle can experience complications of developing GDM.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS","authors":"Y. Devi, Rumaisah Abdillah, M. Muthmainnah","doi":"10.52571/PTQ.V18.N37.2021.04_MUTHMAINNAH_PGS_48_56.PDF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/PTQ.V18.N37.2021.04_MUTHMAINNAH_PGS_48_56.PDF","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a glucose tolerance disorder that first appears during pregnancy. GDM can cause a variety of obstetric and perinatal complications for pregnant women and their fetuses. The prevalence of GDM in the city of Surabaya in 2015 amounted to 2.29%, increasing to 3.88% in 2018. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants (family history of diabetes mellitus, BMI, history of birth weight, parity, and the age of the pregnant woman) that influence the GDM. Methods: This research is an analytical study with an observational approach. The research design was carried out using a case-control study. In this study, the number of samples was 36 people, 6 cases, and 30 people as controls, and were taken randomly. The data source obtained from secondary data (medical records of pregnant women) at Mulyorejo Health Center Surabaya. The analysis used in this study was a simple logistic regression test. Results and Discussion: The result showed an effect of a family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.035) on the incidence of GDM. Parity was a potential variable (p = 0.077) on the incidence of GDM. Meanwhile, BMI, history of birth weight, and mother's age did not affect the incidence of GDM. Conclusion: Pregnant women with a family history of diabetes who are not balanced with maintaining a good lifestyle can experience complications of developing GDM.","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70710343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.613_periodico36_pgs_598_607.pdf
Farhan Baehaki, Gita Nur Fajriani, Ani Haerani, Suci Rizki Nurul Aeni, Ayu Yunita Sari
As industrial and transportation activities in Bandung Regency are growing rapidly, Indonesia could be at risk of increasing air pollution levels. One of the air pollutants that are very harmful to the body is lead (Pb) generated from industrial activities, mining, vehicle exhaust gas, and dust from the ground. Lead is a heavy metal that is very dangerous for the body because it is carcinogenic with its activity character as an inhibitor in cell metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of lead in the blood of public transport drivers who are active on the highway every day and are most at risk of being exposed to Pb. Measurement of Pb concentration was carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Blood samples were taken from public transport drivers at Soreang Terminal, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The analysis results showed that the average blood lead content of public transport drivers was 1,032 mg/L. The lowest level was 0.889 mg/L, and the highest was 1,200 mg/L. This shows that the lead content in the blood of public transport drivers is already in excess levels (range numbers 0.800-1.200 mg/L) when compared with the threshold for lead in the blood based on the Regulation of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (0.10 - 0.25 mg/L) and the threshold value set by the World Health Organization, which is 0.4 mg/L.
{"title":"MEASUREMENT OF LEAD CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DRIVERS IN BANDUNG REGENCY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA","authors":"Farhan Baehaki, Gita Nur Fajriani, Ani Haerani, Suci Rizki Nurul Aeni, Ayu Yunita Sari","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.613_periodico36_pgs_598_607.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.613_periodico36_pgs_598_607.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000As industrial and transportation activities in Bandung Regency are growing rapidly, Indonesia could be at risk of increasing air pollution levels. One of the air pollutants that are very harmful to the body is lead (Pb) generated from industrial activities, mining, vehicle exhaust gas, and dust from the ground. Lead is a heavy metal that is very dangerous for the body because it is carcinogenic with its activity character as an inhibitor in cell metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of lead in the blood of public transport drivers who are active on the highway every day and are most at risk of being exposed to Pb. Measurement of Pb concentration was carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Blood samples were taken from public transport drivers at Soreang Terminal, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The analysis results showed that the average blood lead content of public transport drivers was 1,032 mg/L. The lowest level was 0.889 mg/L, and the highest was 1,200 mg/L. This shows that the lead content in the blood of public transport drivers is already in excess levels (range numbers 0.800-1.200 mg/L) when compared with the threshold for lead in the blood based on the Regulation of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (0.10 - 0.25 mg/L) and the threshold value set by the World Health Organization, which is 0.4 mg/L.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.599_periodico36_pgs_584_597.pdf
Ahmed M. Sadoon, O. S. Ahmad
The Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of alkali earth halide salt (MX2) complexes with few numbers of water molecules have been investigated for the first time in this work. BeCl2 and MgCl2 are divalent salts and have been incorporated with water as a polar solvent to form complexes of type MX2(H2O)n. The effect of ion size plays a critical rule in the interactions between solvent and solute. Therefore, Beryllium and Magnesium salts with chloride were chosen to explore this difference. The importance of BeCl2 and MgCl2 comes from their several applications in the industry and pharmacy. For instance, BeCl2 is widely used in the industry as a catalysis of Friede-Craft reactions, while the main application of MgCl2 in pharmacy is as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis fluids. Three complexes of each BeCl2 and MgCl2 with water, MX2(H2O)n (n=1-3), were studied, and the chemical structures of these complexes have been performed using ab initio calculations. Ab initio calculations were used to predict possible structures, isomers, and their corresponding IR spectra using Second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with 6-311++G as a basis sets. The Geometry evaluations, energy searches, vibrational frequency calculations, and the binding energy of each complex were also extracted theoretically. The minimum energy of complexes structures was calculated, and different isomers have been recorded. Ionic hydrogen bonds (IHBs) between the OH in each water molecule and the chloride ion in the MCl2 was proposed to be the main prevalent contribution to the binding between the salt and water. The bond length between the alkaline metal and chlorine showed a significant increase with increasing the attached water molecule as a result of forming the IHB. Also, the infrared vibrational bands of the OH stretching region were recorded for the minimum structures, and dramatic redshift was performed. The formation of contact-ion pair structures in which each solvent molecule forms an ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) to the salt ion-pair (X-M+X-) has been confirmed by the predicted infrared spectra.
本文首次研究了含少量水分子的碱土卤化物配合物的红外光谱。BeCl2和MgCl2是二价盐，作为极性溶剂与水结合形成MX2(H2O)n型配合物。离子大小的影响在溶剂与溶质的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。因此，选择含氯的铍盐和镁盐来探索这种差异。BeCl2和MgCl2的重要性来自于它们在工业和制药中的一些应用。例如，BeCl2作为Friede-Craft反应的催化剂在工业上被广泛使用，而MgCl2在药学上的主要应用是作为血液透析和腹膜透析液。本文研究了BeCl2和MgCl2与水的配合物MX2(H2O)n (n=1-3)，并用从头算法计算了配合物的化学结构。以6-311++G为基集，采用二阶Møller-Plesset微扰理论(MP2)从头计算，预测了可能的结构、异构体及其相应的红外光谱。从理论上提取了每个配合物的几何评价、能量搜索、振动频率计算和结合能。计算了配合物结构的最小能量，并记录了不同的异构体。离子氢键(IHBs)在每个水分子中的OH和MCl2中的氯离子之间被认为是盐和水之间结合的主要普遍贡献。碱金属与氯之间的键长随着水分子的增加而显著增加。同时记录了最小结构的氢氧根拉伸区红外振动带，并发生了明显的红移。预测的红外光谱证实了溶剂分子与盐离子对(X- m +X-)形成离子氢键(IHB)的接触离子对结构的形成。
{"title":"SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF MCl2(H2O)n CLUSTER USING AB INITIO CALCULATIONS","authors":"Ahmed M. Sadoon, O. S. Ahmad","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.599_periodico36_pgs_584_597.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.599_periodico36_pgs_584_597.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of alkali earth halide salt (MX2) complexes with few numbers of water molecules have been investigated for the first time in this work. BeCl2 and MgCl2 are divalent salts and have been incorporated with water as a polar solvent to form complexes of type MX2(H2O)n. The effect of ion size plays a critical rule in the interactions between solvent and solute. Therefore, Beryllium and Magnesium salts with chloride were chosen to explore this difference. The importance of BeCl2 and MgCl2 comes from their several applications in the industry and pharmacy. For instance, BeCl2 is widely used in the industry as a catalysis of Friede-Craft reactions, while the main application of MgCl2 in pharmacy is as hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis fluids. Three complexes of each BeCl2 and MgCl2 with water, MX2(H2O)n (n=1-3), were studied, and the chemical structures of these complexes have been performed using ab initio calculations. Ab initio calculations were used to predict possible structures, isomers, and their corresponding IR spectra using Second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with 6-311++G as a basis sets. The Geometry evaluations, energy searches, vibrational frequency calculations, and the binding energy of each complex were also extracted theoretically. The minimum energy of complexes structures was calculated, and different isomers have been recorded. Ionic hydrogen bonds (IHBs) between the OH in each water molecule and the chloride ion in the MCl2 was proposed to be the main prevalent contribution to the binding between the salt and water. The bond length between the alkaline metal and chlorine showed a significant increase with increasing the attached water molecule as a result of forming the IHB. Also, the infrared vibrational bands of the OH stretching region were recorded for the minimum structures, and dramatic redshift was performed. The formation of contact-ion pair structures in which each solvent molecule forms an ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) to the salt ion-pair (X-M+X-) has been confirmed by the predicted infrared spectra.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47370673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1098_periodico36_pgs_1083_1098.pdf
R. Polyakov
Recently, the development of modern equipment and early detection of ignition sources has become relevant due to many fires and the material and human damage caused by them. This study aimed to develop a method of searching for the ignition source by moving a mobile gas analyzer towards increasing the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) emitted in the initial stages of fire. According to the simplex and Kiefer method, an algorithm based on the spatial detection method and guaranteed trajectory definition was used to move the mobile gas analyzer towards increasing concentration. The dependence of the engine speed on the supply voltage, the angular speed of the engine with the supply voltage, the tractive force at the wing flap frequency, the supply voltage as well as the energy consumed by the engine during propulsion were calculated. To determine the direction of the azimuth towards the movement of increasing the concentration of CO, an equation was obtained that made it possible to determine the concentration of CO as a function of the distance from the carbon monoxide source. A diagram of the gradient dependence on the distance to the ignition point was plotted, and the number of points on the trajectory on which the CO concentration is measured was determined. One way to further improve early fire detection methods is to use mobile gas analyzers in the ignition source movement and determine their coordinates with the increase in CO concentration. However, further development is restricted due to insufficient research on design methods for mobile gas analyzers, communication analysis between subsystems, and calculation methods based on mathematical models that adequately describe the basic modes of movement of mobile gas analyzers.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF PORTABLE FLYING ROBOTIC SYSTEMS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF AN IGNITION SOURCE","authors":"R. Polyakov","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1098_periodico36_pgs_1083_1098.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1098_periodico36_pgs_1083_1098.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Recently, the development of modern equipment and early detection of ignition sources has become relevant due to many fires and the material and human damage caused by them. This study aimed to develop a method of searching for the ignition source by moving a mobile gas analyzer towards increasing the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) emitted in the initial stages of fire. According to the simplex and Kiefer method, an algorithm based on the spatial detection method and guaranteed trajectory definition was used to move the mobile gas analyzer towards increasing concentration. The dependence of the engine speed on the supply voltage, the angular speed of the engine with the supply voltage, the tractive force at the wing flap frequency, the supply voltage as well as the energy consumed by the engine during propulsion were calculated. To determine the direction of the azimuth towards the movement of increasing the concentration of CO, an equation was obtained that made it possible to determine the concentration of CO as a function of the distance from the carbon monoxide source. A diagram of the gradient dependence on the distance to the ignition point was plotted, and the number of points on the trajectory on which the CO concentration is measured was determined. One way to further improve early fire detection methods is to use mobile gas analyzers in the ignition source movement and determine their coordinates with the increase in CO concentration. However, further development is restricted due to insufficient research on design methods for mobile gas analyzers, communication analysis between subsystems, and calculation methods based on mathematical models that adequately describe the basic modes of movement of mobile gas analyzers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49286674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.580_periodico36_pgs_565_583.pdf
Dedy A. Bilaut, A. Suparmi, C. Cari, S. Faniandari
The exact solutions of the Schrodinger equations (SE) in the D-dimensional coordinate system have attracted the attention of many theoretical researchers in branches of quantum physics and quantum chemistry. The energy eigenvalues and the wave function are the solutions of the Schrodinger equation that implicitly represents the behavior of a quantum mechanical system. This study aimed to obtain the eigenvalues, wave functions, and thermodynamic properties of the 6-Dimensional Schrodinger equation under Double Ring-Shaped Oscillator (DRSO) and Manning-Rosen potential. The variable separation method was applied to reduce the one 6-Dimensional Schrodinger equation depending on radial and angular non-central potential into five onedimensional Schrodinger equations: one radial and five angular Schrodinger equations. Each of these onedimensional Schrodinger equations was solved using the SUSY QM method to obtain one eigenvalue and one wave function of the radial part, five eigenvalues, and five angular wave functions angular part. Some thermodynamic properties such, the vibrational mean energy 𝑈, vibrational specific heat 𝐶, vibrational free energy 𝐹, and vibrational entropy 𝑆, were obtained using the radial energy equations. The results showed that except the 𝑛𝑙1, all increment of angular quantum number decreases the energy values. Increments of all potential parameter increase the energy values. Increment of angular quantum number and potentials parameter increases the amplitude and shifts the wave functions to the left. However, the increment of 𝑛𝑙1, 𝛼, 𝜎, and 𝜌 decrease the amplitude and shift wavefunctions to the right. Moreover, the vibrational mean energy 𝑈 and free energy 𝐹 increased as the increasing value of potentials parameters, where the ω parameter has the dominant effect than the other parameters. The vibrational specific heat 𝐶 and entropy 𝑆 affected only by the 𝜔 parameter, where 𝐶 and 𝑆 decreased as the increase of 𝜔.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF ENERGY AND WAVE FUNCTIONS AND THE THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES OF THE 6-DIMENSIONAL SCHRODINGER EQUATION UNDER DOUBLE RING-SHAPE OSCILLATOR (DRSO) AND MANNING-ROSEN POTENTIALS USING SUSY QM METHOD","authors":"Dedy A. Bilaut, A. Suparmi, C. Cari, S. Faniandari","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.580_periodico36_pgs_565_583.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.580_periodico36_pgs_565_583.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The exact solutions of the Schrodinger equations (SE) in the D-dimensional coordinate system have attracted the attention of many theoretical researchers in branches of quantum physics and quantum chemistry. The energy eigenvalues and the wave function are the solutions of the Schrodinger equation that implicitly represents the behavior of a quantum mechanical system. This study aimed to obtain the eigenvalues, wave functions, and thermodynamic properties of the 6-Dimensional Schrodinger equation under Double Ring-Shaped Oscillator (DRSO) and Manning-Rosen potential. The variable separation method was applied to reduce the one 6-Dimensional Schrodinger equation depending on radial and angular non-central potential into five onedimensional Schrodinger equations: one radial and five angular Schrodinger equations. Each of these onedimensional Schrodinger equations was solved using the SUSY QM method to obtain one eigenvalue and one wave function of the radial part, five eigenvalues, and five angular wave functions angular part. Some thermodynamic properties such, the vibrational mean energy 𝑈, vibrational specific heat 𝐶, vibrational free energy 𝐹, and vibrational entropy 𝑆, were obtained using the radial energy equations. The results showed that except the 𝑛𝑙1, all increment of angular quantum number decreases the energy values. Increments of all potential parameter increase the energy values. Increment of angular quantum number and potentials parameter increases the amplitude and shifts the wave functions to the left. However, the increment of 𝑛𝑙1, 𝛼, 𝜎, and 𝜌 decrease the amplitude and shift wavefunctions to the right. Moreover, the vibrational mean energy 𝑈 and free energy 𝐹 increased as the increasing value of potentials parameters, where the ω parameter has the dominant effect than the other parameters. The vibrational specific heat 𝐶 and entropy 𝑆 affected only by the 𝜔 parameter, where 𝐶 and 𝑆 decreased as the increase of 𝜔.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44460008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.472_periodico36_pgs_457_475.pdf
H. J. Mohammad, Ali Khalaf Ali, Zainab Abdul Jabbar Ridha Al Ali
Evolution between animals causes many changes so that it can adapt to its environments. Each species has unique features that help them survive and can consume different types of food. Sheep and rabbits are economically important animals and used in many aspects of veterinary medicine.This study aimed to compare the histomorphometric and histochemical features of the esophagus of twenty sheep (n = 10) and rabbit (n = 10) adult males. The samples were collected from slaughterhouse and market Misan and were used for histological studies of two types of stains, hematoxylin and eosin, and special stains (Periodic acid Schiff stains). Histological study showed differences in the type epithelium of mucosa lining the esophagus between sheep and rabbits. The epithelium lining was composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in sheep while in rabbit was composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous. In both animals, the submucosa layer does not possess glands. The muscular layer of both was composed of striated muscle in the cervical, thoracic, and abdomen parts of the esophagus. Both animals contained an outer layer of loose connective tissue called the adventitia. All layers in sheep showed more thickness than in rabbits. The histochemical study showed that the reaction to Periodic acid Schiff stain was similar between the animals and in different places. Only stratum corneum cells of the sheep mucosa and squamous cells of the rabbit mucosa demonstrated a strong reaction to this stain. In contrast, the rest of the cells of the mucosa and muscular layers were moderate reactions with Periodic acid Schiff stain in all regions sheep and rabbit esophagus. Submucosa and adventitia showed weakly reaction with Periodic acid Schiff's stain in both animals. In conclusion, this study showed that sheep and rabbits have similarities and differences in the esophagus; that is, the layers of this organ has different thicknesses and respond differently to Periodic acid Schiff stain.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF ESOPHAGUS STRUCTURES IN SHEEP (Ovis aries) AND RABBITS (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)","authors":"H. J. Mohammad, Ali Khalaf Ali, Zainab Abdul Jabbar Ridha Al Ali","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.472_periodico36_pgs_457_475.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.472_periodico36_pgs_457_475.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Evolution between animals causes many changes so that it can adapt to its environments. Each species has unique features that help them survive and can consume different types of food. Sheep and rabbits are economically important animals and used in many aspects of veterinary medicine.This study aimed to compare the histomorphometric and histochemical features of the esophagus of twenty sheep (n = 10) and rabbit (n = 10) adult males. The samples were collected from slaughterhouse and market Misan and were used for histological studies of two types of stains, hematoxylin and eosin, and special stains (Periodic acid Schiff stains). Histological study showed differences in the type epithelium of mucosa lining the esophagus between sheep and rabbits. The epithelium lining was composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in sheep while in rabbit was composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous. In both animals, the submucosa layer does not possess glands. The muscular layer of both was composed of striated muscle in the cervical, thoracic, and abdomen parts of the esophagus. Both animals contained an outer layer of loose connective tissue called the adventitia. All layers in sheep showed more thickness than in rabbits. The histochemical study showed that the reaction to Periodic acid Schiff stain was similar between the animals and in different places. Only stratum corneum cells of the sheep mucosa and squamous cells of the rabbit mucosa demonstrated a strong reaction to this stain. In contrast, the rest of the cells of the mucosa and muscular layers were moderate reactions with Periodic acid Schiff stain in all regions sheep and rabbit esophagus. Submucosa and adventitia showed weakly reaction with Periodic acid Schiff's stain in both animals. In conclusion, this study showed that sheep and rabbits have similarities and differences in the esophagus; that is, the layers of this organ has different thicknesses and respond differently to Periodic acid Schiff stain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.557_periodico36_pgs_542_553.pdf
Sergei N. Bratanovskii, Yerdos Amankulov, I. Medvedev
Semiconductor field-emission cathodes have gained considerable popularity in modern radio electronics and electronic optics due to the high-power generation of the electron beam in the external electric field at temperatures close to the room ones. However, their wide application is restricted by the high dependence of the electron emission current on the value of the applied field and geometrical parameters of the cathode. This study aimed to examine the effect of resonance processes on amplifying the field emission of the multi-pointed semiconductor cathode. Modeling the behavior of resonant tunneling of electrons from semiconductors to vacuum was simulated by solving the one-dimensional Schrodinger’s equation, and the amplification due to resonant processes was estimated. The modeling results showed that as the electric field increases, the resonance conditions shift towards low energy levels. With the increase in the width of the barrier for the electron inside the solid body, the resonance conditions shift towards higher energies. It has been established that in onedimensional semiconductors with electrons of low conductivity width, the resonant energy coincides with the Fermi level. These cathode properties are optimal for amplifying the emission current and reducing failures of vacuum electronic devices based on semiconductive field cathodes. The proposed technique can be used to study the regularities of emission amplification due to resonant processes in multipoint semiconductor cathodes with multilayered structure and with metal tips.
{"title":"MULTI-POINTED FIELD-EMISSION CATHODE AS A GENERATOR OF HIGHFREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS","authors":"Sergei N. Bratanovskii, Yerdos Amankulov, I. Medvedev","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.557_periodico36_pgs_542_553.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.557_periodico36_pgs_542_553.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Semiconductor field-emission cathodes have gained considerable popularity in modern radio electronics and electronic optics due to the high-power generation of the electron beam in the external electric field at temperatures close to the room ones. However, their wide application is restricted by the high dependence of the electron emission current on the value of the applied field and geometrical parameters of the cathode. This study aimed to examine the effect of resonance processes on amplifying the field emission of the multi-pointed semiconductor cathode. Modeling the behavior of resonant tunneling of electrons from semiconductors to vacuum was simulated by solving the one-dimensional Schrodinger’s equation, and the amplification due to resonant processes was estimated. The modeling results showed that as the electric field increases, the resonance conditions shift towards low energy levels. With the increase in the width of the barrier for the electron inside the solid body, the resonance conditions shift towards higher energies. It has been established that in onedimensional semiconductors with electrons of low conductivity width, the resonant energy coincides with the Fermi level. These cathode properties are optimal for amplifying the emission current and reducing failures of vacuum electronic devices based on semiconductive field cathodes. The proposed technique can be used to study the regularities of emission amplification due to resonant processes in multipoint semiconductor cathodes with multilayered structure and with metal tips.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48378957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1009_periodico36_pgs_994_1003.pdf
H. K. Khudyakova, A. Shitikova, N. V. Zarenkova, O. V. Kukharenkova, A. V. Konstantinovich
The purpose of this study is to evaluate cereal grasses – Bromus inermis, Festuca pratensis, Phleum pratense, and legumes: Trifolium pratense, Medicago varia in terms of their content of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent lignin (ADL) and hemicellulose (HC), cellulose depending on phases of vegetation – grasses: at vegetative, earing and flowering; legumes– vegetative. It was found that as the herbs grow, an increase in all fractions of the cell walls of leguminous herbs is observed, the cell walls occupy a smaller fraction of dry matter than in grasses, due to the lower HC content in them –10-12%, compared with 25-30% in grasses. The contents of ADF, NDF and ADL (% of dry matter) in grasses prior earing are 31-31, 50-55, 4-6: in earing – 32-37, 55-65, 5-6; in flowering – 40-45, 65-70 and 70-72, 7-9, respectively. Legumes have a higher content of ADL. As plants grow, the relative proportion of ADF in NDF increases, but it does not exceed 50% in grasses. In legumes – 70-80% regardless of the growth phase, explains the lower digestibility of legumes than grasses. To judge the levels of ADF and NDF in herbs, depending on the content of crude fibre (CF), the corresponding regression equations were calculated for grasses and feed prepared from them. The relationship between CF and ADF was closer (n = 64, s = 2.4%, r = 0.93) than between CF and ADL (n = 64, s = 4.4%, r = 0.87). Based on these studies and generalisation of the literature data, ADF and NDF in hay and haylage standard are recommended.
本研究的目的是根据草木生长、抽穗和开花的不同阶段，评价禾本科植物——羊茅、草茅、羊草和豆科植物——草三叶草、紫花苜蓿的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)和半纤维素(HC)、纤维素的含量;豆类植物。结果表明，随着草本植物的生长，豆科草本植物细胞壁各组分的含量均有所增加，豆科草本植物细胞壁所占干物质的比例较禾本科植物小，这是由于豆科草本植物的HC含量较禾本科植物低，为-10-12%，而禾本科植物的HC含量为25-30%。采穗前ADF、NDF和ADL(占干物质百分比)含量分别为31-31、50-55、4-6;采穗后ADF、NDF和ADL含量分别为32-37、55-65、5-6;花期分别为40-45、65-70和70-72、7-9。豆科植物ADL含量较高。随着植物的生长，ADF在NDF中的相对比例增加，但在禾草中不超过50%。在豆科植物中- 70-80%，无论生长阶段，这解释了豆科植物的消化率低于草。为了判断中草药中ADF和NDF的水平，根据粗纤维(CF)的含量，计算相应的回归方程，并以其为原料制备饲料。CF与ADF的关系(n = 64, s = 2.4%， r = 0.93)较CF与ADL的关系(n = 64, s = 4.4%， r = 0.87)更为密切。在此基础上，通过对文献资料的归纳和总结，建议在干草和草料标准中添加ADF和NDF。
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF CONTENTS OF STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES AND LIGNIN OF PERENNIAL FODDER HERBAGES DEPENDING ON VEGETATIVE STAGE GROWTH","authors":"H. K. Khudyakova, A. Shitikova, N. V. Zarenkova, O. V. Kukharenkova, A. V. Konstantinovich","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1009_periodico36_pgs_994_1003.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1009_periodico36_pgs_994_1003.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The purpose of this study is to evaluate cereal grasses – Bromus inermis, Festuca pratensis, Phleum pratense, and legumes: Trifolium pratense, Medicago varia in terms of their content of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent lignin (ADL) and hemicellulose (HC), cellulose depending on phases of vegetation – grasses: at vegetative, earing and flowering; legumes– vegetative. It was found that as the herbs grow, an increase in all fractions of the cell walls of leguminous herbs is observed, the cell walls occupy a smaller fraction of dry matter than in grasses, due to the lower HC content in them –10-12%, compared with 25-30% in grasses. The contents of ADF, NDF and ADL (% of dry matter) in grasses prior earing are 31-31, 50-55, 4-6: in earing – 32-37, 55-65, 5-6; in flowering – 40-45, 65-70 and 70-72, 7-9, respectively. Legumes have a higher content of ADL. As plants grow, the relative proportion of ADF in NDF increases, but it does not exceed 50% in grasses. In legumes – 70-80% regardless of the growth phase, explains the lower digestibility of legumes than grasses. To judge the levels of ADF and NDF in herbs, depending on the content of crude fibre (CF), the corresponding regression equations were calculated for grasses and feed prepared from them. The relationship between CF and ADF was closer (n = 64, s = 2.4%, r = 0.93) than between CF and ADL (n = 64, s = 4.4%, r = 0.87). Based on these studies and generalisation of the literature data, ADF and NDF in hay and haylage standard are recommended.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48661690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.886_periodico36_pgs_871_883.pdf
M. K. Bashir, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, M. Oglah
Cancer constitutes one of the most severe public health menaces worldwide. It is imperative to synthesize new compounds and explore their antitumor activity to find a potential resolution to this health problem. Synthesis of new scaffolds and evaluating their antitumor activity is a relevant approach for combating cancer development. Coumarins can exhibit diverse biological activities, and one of these is the antitumor activity. This study aimed to synthesize new coumarins by grafting their precursors to the aromatic amines via Schiff base formation and evaluating their introductory antitumor activity. New multifunctional coumarins (MC1-MC9) were prepared by integrating a functionalized coumarin with different toluidine derivatives via a Schiff-base linkage. Spectral characterization inspired by FTIR, 1H- and 13C- NMR spectroscopies has established the chemical structures of the synthesized products. The antitumor activity was explored in vitro versus four dominant human cancer lines, including HeLa, SKG, MCF-7, and AMN3. The outcomes acquired from the cell viability assay inspected by applying MTT dye have revealed that the synthesized multifunctional coumarins, particularly MC3, have a hopeful activity. It can be concluded that a similar trend of activity against the test cell lines was observed for the synthesized coumarins, with the best action being versus MCF-7 and the least one versus AMN3. This study not only affords a new scaffold of a significant antitumor activity but also provides some insights into its structureactivity relationship.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF NEW MULTIFUNCTIONAL COUMARINS","authors":"M. K. Bashir, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, M. Oglah","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.886_periodico36_pgs_871_883.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.886_periodico36_pgs_871_883.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Cancer constitutes one of the most severe public health menaces worldwide. It is imperative to synthesize new compounds and explore their antitumor activity to find a potential resolution to this health problem. Synthesis of new scaffolds and evaluating their antitumor activity is a relevant approach for combating cancer development. Coumarins can exhibit diverse biological activities, and one of these is the antitumor activity. This study aimed to synthesize new coumarins by grafting their precursors to the aromatic amines via Schiff base formation and evaluating their introductory antitumor activity. New multifunctional coumarins (MC1-MC9) were prepared by integrating a functionalized coumarin with different toluidine derivatives via a Schiff-base linkage. Spectral characterization inspired by FTIR, 1H- and 13C- NMR spectroscopies has established the chemical structures of the synthesized products. The antitumor activity was explored in vitro versus four dominant human cancer lines, including HeLa, SKG, MCF-7, and AMN3. The outcomes acquired from the cell viability assay inspected by applying MTT dye have revealed that the synthesized multifunctional coumarins, particularly MC3, have a hopeful activity. It can be concluded that a similar trend of activity against the test cell lines was observed for the synthesized coumarins, with the best action being versus MCF-7 and the least one versus AMN3. This study not only affords a new scaffold of a significant antitumor activity but also provides some insights into its structureactivity relationship.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47121458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1163_periodico36_pgs_1147_1159.pdf
Z. Goudarzi, S. Hoseini, D. Mehrabani, S. Hashemi
Methamphetamine (METH) is a globally heavily abused illicit substance with epidemic levels worldwide. This study aimed to investigate changes in blood chemistry and pro-inflammatory cytokines following methamphetamine use in experimental rats. A total of forty-five female rats were randomly devoted to three equal groups of experimental receiving METH subcutaneously (0.4 mg/kg, in 0.6 mL volume) for 21 days, sham received similarly 0.6 mL normal saline, and the control received 0.6 mL distilled water, identically. The elevated plus-maze test was used to confirm cognitive and anxiety changes following METH use until three weeks. Blood chemistry and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated after METH use until 21 days. The results showed an increase in anxiety. The serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukins of IL-15, IL-17, and adenosine deaminase xanthine oxidase levels were noted. However, white blood cell (WBC) count demonstrated a decreasing trend. There were no other changes in blood chemistry after METH use. It could be observed, however, that methamphetamine increases anxiety and makes some changes in blood chemistry and pro inflammatory cytokines. This study can help make better decisions about the prevention and even treatment of people taking methamphetamine.
{"title":"CHANGE IN BLOOD CHEMISTRY, PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, AND APOPTOTIC GENES FOLLOWING METHAMPHETAMINE USE IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS","authors":"Z. Goudarzi, S. Hoseini, D. Mehrabani, S. Hashemi","doi":"10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1163_periodico36_pgs_1147_1159.pdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.1163_periodico36_pgs_1147_1159.pdf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Methamphetamine (METH) is a globally heavily abused illicit substance with epidemic levels worldwide. This study aimed to investigate changes in blood chemistry and pro-inflammatory cytokines following methamphetamine use in experimental rats. A total of forty-five female rats were randomly devoted to three equal groups of experimental receiving METH subcutaneously (0.4 mg/kg, in 0.6 mL volume) for 21 days, sham received similarly 0.6 mL normal saline, and the control received 0.6 mL distilled water, identically. The elevated plus-maze test was used to confirm cognitive and anxiety changes following METH use until three weeks. Blood chemistry and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated after METH use until 21 days. The results showed an increase in anxiety. The serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukins of IL-15, IL-17, and adenosine deaminase xanthine oxidase levels were noted. However, white blood cell (WBC) count demonstrated a decreasing trend. There were no other changes in blood chemistry after METH use. It could be observed, however, that methamphetamine increases anxiety and makes some changes in blood chemistry and pro inflammatory cytokines. This study can help make better decisions about the prevention and even treatment of people taking methamphetamine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45103,"journal":{"name":"Periodico Tche Quimica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42280107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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