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Thermally and electromagnetically driven flow in liquid metal battery and their effects on ionic /atomic transport 液态金属电池中的热驱动和电磁驱动流动及其对离子/原子输运的影响
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9942009
Chenglian Gao, Kangli Wang, Xianbo Zhou, Kai Jiang, Haomiao Li
Liquid metal battery (LMB) is considered a promising grid-level energy storage technology due to its low cost, long lifespan, and feasible amplification. As an all-liquid battery, the mechanisms and effects of its internal flow still need to be further studied. In this work, we establish two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric models coupling both the thermal field and electromagnetic field based on Li|LiCl-KCl|Bi system. The fluid motions inside the batteries driven by temperature field, electromagnetic field, and coupled field are analyzed contrastively, revealing the dominant role of thermal convection. Moreover, the effects of the flow driven by different physical fields on the electrochemical reaction process are investigated. Those results are of great significance for further understanding the electrochemical process of LMB and other battery systems and optimizing the battery performance.
液态金属电池(LMB)具有成本低、寿命长、放大可行等优点,被认为是一种很有前途的电网级储能技术。作为一种全液体电池,其内部流动的机理和影响还有待进一步研究。本文基于Li|LiCl-KCl|Bi体系,建立了热场和电磁场耦合的二维轴对称模型。对比分析了温度场、电磁场和耦合场对电池内部流体运动的影响,揭示了热对流的主导作用。此外,还研究了不同物理场驱动下的流动对电化学反应过程的影响。这些结果对于进一步了解LMB及其他电池体系的电化学过程,优化电池性能具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Energy Storage Participation Policies in an Electricity Market Environment 电力市场环境下储能参与政策分析
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9942219
Yizheng Wang, Jiahua Hu, Xin Fang, Jianing Li, Hongliang Wang, Z. Lan
As an essential technology to solve renewable energy absorption, energy storage plays a vital role in the new power system. However, the cost recovery of energy storage is complex, and government subsidies are still needed at this stage. To save government investment and improve the economic benefits of energy storage, the authorities need to choose an appropriate technology route so that the market can better allocate energy storage resources. The paper studies the current situation and policies of energy storage participation in the electricity market and provides essential experience for developing the regional electricity market in China. The main goal of energy storage is to maximize the portfolio’s profitability and find a balance between market revenues, overall storage costs, and reliable operations. The results of this paper suggest that the relevant authorities should clarify the main identity of energy storage in the electricity market and revise the mechanisms to help it participate in the ancillary services market, and should allow large storage plants and aggregated distributed storage to participate in each market segment, allowing them to trade flexibly in each market to exploit their flexibility and system value fully.
储能作为解决可再生能源吸收的关键技术,在新型电力系统中起着至关重要的作用。然而,储能的成本回收是复杂的,现阶段仍需要政府补贴。为了节省政府投资,提高储能的经济效益,当局需要选择合适的技术路线,让市场更好地配置储能资源。本文研究了储能参与电力市场的现状和政策,为中国区域电力市场的发展提供了必要的经验。储能的主要目标是最大化投资组合的盈利能力,并在市场收入、总体存储成本和可靠运营之间找到平衡。本文的研究结果表明,相关部门应明确储能在电力市场中的主体身份,修改机制,帮助其参与辅助服务市场,并允许大型储能工厂和聚合分布式储能参与各个细分市场,使其在各个市场中灵活交易,充分发挥其灵活性和系统价值。
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引用次数: 0
Solving the 90% Infrastructure Energy Challenge for Passenger Electric Vehicles 解决乘用车90%的基础设施能源挑战
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9941804
P. Krein
Based on actual daily driving data, about 90% of passenger electric vehicle energy needs, both in the U.S. and in China, can be supported by charging from conventional single-phase outlets. This represents about half of all transportation energy, once the transition to electricity is complete. Basic outlet infrastructure is far cheaper and more scalable than the faster infrastructure emphasized in much present work. Comparisons are made to show how basic outlets can serve as critical electrification infrastructure. The vehicles themselves can support measurement, metering, and communication for billing and for grid flexibility. A vehicle owner can choose to support limited flexibility, controlled by the vehicle itself, to track for minimum energy pricing. Alternatively, for even lower prices, a vehicle owner could allow a grid operator or aggregator to modulate charging and support dynamic grid services. The work shows how infrastructure in a city can scale to millions of energy access points.
根据实际的日常驾驶数据,在美国和中国,大约90%的乘用车能源需求可以通过传统的单相插座充电来满足。一旦完成向电力的过渡,这大约占所有运输能源的一半。基本的出口基础设施比目前许多工作中强调的更快的基础设施要便宜得多,也更具可扩展性。通过比较,可以看出基本插座可以作为关键的电气化基础设施。车辆本身可以支持测量、计量和通信,以实现计费和网格灵活性。车主可以选择支持有限的灵活性,由车辆自己控制,以跟踪最低能源价格。另外,如果价格更低,车主可以允许电网运营商或聚合商调整收费,支持动态电网服务。这项工作展示了一个城市的基础设施如何扩展到数百万个能源接入点。
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引用次数: 0
Loss Minimization Based Energy Management for a Dual Motor Electric Vehicle 基于损耗最小化的双电机电动汽车能量管理
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9941890
Chao Xu, Xiaorui Guo, Qian Xun
The dual-motor electric vehicle has a simple structure, which enables the front and rear wheels to obtain adhesion at the same time. It can improve the acceleration characteristics of the vehicle and achieve high efficiency of the system. To optimize the propulsion efficiency, a power allocation method is designed to determine the torque ratio between the front and rear axle motors. This paper proposes an efficiency-based optimal energy management strategy for dual-motor driven electric vehicles. In this way, the remaining battery state of charge is improved by reducing vehicle power loss. The energy consumption of the vehicle is firstly determined by drive cycles. The optimal distribution factor is calculated to minimize the system loss at each time sample. This determines distributions of the traction, regeneration, and mechanical braking forces between two motors. Simulation analysis is conducted under drive cycles of NEDC and WLTC. Results show that the method can reduce the total energy consumption of the system. With the proposed method, the braking energy recovery rate is improved, which also enhances the economy of the whole vehicle under different driving conditions.
双电机电动车结构简单,使前后轮同时获得附着力。它可以改善车辆的加速特性,实现系统的高效率。为优化推进效率,设计了一种确定前后桥电机转矩比的动力分配方法。提出了一种基于效率的双电机驱动电动汽车最优能量管理策略。通过这种方式,通过减少车辆的功率损失来改善电池的剩余充电状态。车辆的能耗首先由驱动循环决定。计算最优分配因子,使系统在每个时间样本上的损耗最小。这决定了两个电机之间的牵引力、再生力和机械制动力的分布。在NEDC和WLTC驱动循环下进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该方法可以降低系统的总能耗。该方法提高了制动能量回收率,提高了整车在不同工况下的经济性。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Electric Excitation Flux Switching Motor Based on High Temperature Resistant Inorganic Insulated Wire 基于耐高温无机绝缘导线的电励磁开关电机分析
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9942066
D. Fu, Lianke Wang, Hongyu Si, Xiaojie Wu, Li Lei, Yingsan Geng
The increased temperature capability inside the motor is a major challenge in building high power density motors for many applications in the transportation systems and aerospace industries. Inorganic insulation technology is used to break through the temperature limitation of the motor under the organic electrical insulation system (EIS) in this paper. Firstly, the high-temperature resistant ceramic insulated aluminum wire and its advantages in motors are introduced. Then, the ceramic insulated aluminum wire is applied in an electrically excited flux switching motor, and the thermal performance and design method is developed. At last, a prototype is made and experimental is put forward.
在运输系统和航空航天工业的许多应用中,电机内部温度能力的提高是制造高功率密度电机的主要挑战。本文采用无机绝缘技术来突破电机在有机电绝缘系统(EIS)下的温度限制。首先介绍了耐高温陶瓷绝缘铝线及其在电机中的优点。然后,将陶瓷绝缘铝线应用于电励磁通开关电机,研究了陶瓷绝缘铝线的热学性能和设计方法。最后,制作了样机并进行了实验。
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引用次数: 0
Research on dynamic pricing strategy of electric material distribution vehicle based on master-slave game and multi-hot code 基于主从博弈和多热码的电动物资配送车动态定价策略研究
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9941920
Cui Chenlei, Cui Rongjing, Dong Chunhai, Wang Jianxiang, Zhang Deju, S. Su, Xiaoliang Dong
In order to reduce carbon emissions and fossil energy consumption, the number of electric vehicles in China has increased year by year in recent years and have been widely used in many fields such as logistics and transportation, public transportation and so on. A large number of electric logistics vehicles, as flexible response resources on the demand side, can participate in the demand response through load aggregators. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pricing strategy of load aggregators, so as to realize the optimization of multiple economic interests. Based on the operation model of load aggregator, a master-slave game two-level optimization model of load aggregator with energy storage resources is established by using multi-thermal codes to number vehicles. Simulation results show that the load aggregators of charging prices set by the time the influence of the proportion of electric material distribution vehicle. Energy storage device of chance constrained the confidence level is lower, the higher the income of the load aggregators, the flexibility of its response to real-time electricity price, the better, but earnings threshold, so you need to choose a reasonable confidence level to ensure that the load aggregators has certain economy and flexibility. Based on these results, we can provide a basis for pricing and energy storage configuration of composite aggregators.
为了减少碳排放和化石能源消耗,近年来中国电动汽车的数量逐年增加,在物流运输、公共交通等诸多领域得到了广泛的应用。大量的电动物流车作为需求侧的灵活响应资源,可以通过负载聚合器参与到需求响应中。因此,有必要对负荷聚合器的定价策略进行研究,以实现多种经济利益的优化。基于负荷聚合器运行模型,采用多热码对车辆进行编号,建立了具有储能资源的负荷聚合器主从博弈两级优化模型。仿真结果表明,负荷聚合器的充电价格设置受时间分配车辆电动材料比例的影响。储能装置的机会约束置信水平越低,负荷聚合器的收益越高,其响应实时电价的灵活性越好,但收益阈值较高,因此需要选择合理的置信水平,以保证负荷聚合器具有一定的经济性和灵活性。基于这些结果,我们可以为复合聚合器的定价和储能配置提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
CFD-based Temperature Field Analysis and Lifetime Prediction of Brushless DC Motor 基于cfd的无刷直流电动机温度场分析及寿命预测
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9941981
Jiajin Wang, Lin Xu, Lingfeng Cai, Jian Zhang, Jie Tian
More than one-third of motor accidents are caused by failures in the motor insulation system, making motor insulation the weakest link in motor reliability. Thermal stress is one of the most important factors causing gradual insulation deterioration and eventually failure. In this paper, the three-dimensional temperature field model of the motor is established in Ansys Fluent, and the steady-state temperature field distribution of the motor in the air medium is calculated based on the computational fluid dynamics method, and the maximum temperature rise of the stator insulation is determined. A constant thermal stress accelerated aging test is performed on the motor stator insulation material, and a lifetime prediction model of the motor is established based on the Wiener process, which can accurately predict the lifetime of the motor insulation affected by temperature and improve the operational reliability of the motor.
超过三分之一的电机事故是由电机绝缘系统故障引起的,这使得电机绝缘成为电机可靠性中最薄弱的环节。热应力是导致保温材料逐渐劣化并最终失效的重要因素之一。本文在Ansys Fluent中建立了电机的三维温度场模型,并基于计算流体动力学方法计算了电机在空气介质中的稳态温度场分布,确定了定子绝缘的最大温升。对电机定子绝缘材料进行恒热应力加速老化试验,基于维纳过程建立电机寿命预测模型,能够准确预测电机绝缘受温度影响的寿命,提高电机运行可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel High-Misalignment Tolerant Magnetic Coupler for IPT System with Concentrated Magnetic Flux and Counteracting Coil 一种新型高容差磁耦合器的集中磁通和抵消线圈IPT系统
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9941888
K. Wu, Jianwei Mai, Yijie Wang, Dianguo Xu, Xiufang Liu
Based on the idea of magnetic flux concentration and counteracting coil, a novel magnetic coupler (SPS-TC) is proposed, and a detailed optimization method is offered. The comparison between SPS-TC and four high-misalignment tolerant magnetic couplers demonstrates that the misalignment tolerant capability of SPS-TC with respect to the horizontal, vertical and angular displacement is better. A 1-kW prototype with LCC/S compensation topology is fabricated. The experimental results show that the output voltage ripple factor is 3.31% and 0.48% when the horizontal displacement is less than 37.5% of the coil size and the rotational angle along the Z axis is less than 45 deg, respectively, and the minimum system efficiency is 90.12%, which proves that an inductive power transfer system with SPS-TC has relatively high efficiency and a strong capability of misalignment tolerance in the horizontal and rotational directions.
基于磁通集中和抵消线圈的思想,提出了一种新型磁力耦合器(SPS-TC),并给出了详细的优化方法。将SPS-TC与4种高容差磁力耦合器进行比较,结果表明SPS-TC对水平位移、垂直位移和角位移的容差能力较好。制作了具有LCC/S补偿拓扑结构的1kw样机。实验结果表明,当水平位移小于线圈尺寸的37.5%,沿Z轴旋转角度小于45°时,输出电压纹波因子分别为3.31%和0.48%,系统效率最低为90.12%,证明了SPS-TC感应功率传输系统在水平和旋转方向上具有较高的效率和较强的容差能力。
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引用次数: 0
Voltage Distribution Analysis of High dv/dt Fed Machines Using High Frequency Winding Model 基于高频绕组模型的高dv/dt直流电机电压分布分析
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9942032
Chenyu Zhang, Yunchong Wang, Tan Long, Xiaoyan Huang
For the machines powered by SiC inverters, the high voltage variation rate (dv/dt) leads to uneven voltage distribution in windings, and affects the insulation service life. To predict the influence of SiC inverter steep voltage waveform on the voltage distribution, a high frequency transmission line model is studied in this paper. The capacitance and impedance parameters at different frequencies, which are used in the studied model, are simulated with finite element method considering the laminated structure of silicon steel sheets. Further more, the frequency domain characteristics of the winding impedance are derived with vector fitting method. Based on the studied model, using the simulated and derived parameters, time domain simulation is carried out to predict the voltage distribution in each turn of the coil, and compared with the experimental results.
对于由SiC逆变器供电的机器,高电压变化率(dv/dt)导致绕组电压分布不均匀,影响绝缘使用寿命。为了预测SiC逆变器陡电压波形对电压分布的影响,本文研究了高频传输线模型。考虑硅钢片层合结构,采用有限元法对模型中不同频率下的电容和阻抗参数进行了数值模拟。在此基础上,利用矢量拟合方法推导了绕组阻抗的频域特性。基于所研究的模型,利用仿真和推导的参数进行时域仿真,预测线圈各匝电压分布,并与实验结果进行对比。
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引用次数: 0
Power control study of dynamic wireless charging system based on resonant point switching 基于谐振点切换的动态无线充电系统功率控制研究
Q4 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific56316.2022.9941820
Chengliang Wang, Zhigang Chen, Haiyan Zheng, Qingsheng Yang
Aiming at the problem of power fluctuation during the movement of the receiving coil in the current segmented dynamic wireless charging (DWC) system, a power control strategy for DWC systems based on resonant point switching is proposed. By controlling the operating frequency of the inverter power supply so that the system works at the second resonant point, the output power is decoupled from the mutual inductance of the coil under the condition that the receiver side moves, eliminating the need for double-ended communication. In this paper, the general mathematical model of the DWC system is established, and the general parameter conditions for realizing the zero-phase operation of the system are analyzed. It is found that there are two second resonance points on both sides of the main resonance point under the over-coupling condition. Furthermore, the energy transfer characteristics of the system under different resonance points are analyzed, and the characteristics that the second resonance point can achieve constant power are verified. Finally, the constant power characteristics of the DWC system at the second resonant point under the moving condition of the receiver are verified by simulation and experiment.
针对电流分段动态无线充电(DWC)系统中接收线圈运动过程中的功率波动问题,提出了一种基于谐振点切换的电流分段动态无线充电系统功率控制策略。通过控制逆变电源的工作频率,使系统工作在第二谐振点,在接收端移动的情况下,输出功率与线圈互感解耦,消除了双端通信的需要。本文建立了DWC系统的一般数学模型,分析了实现系统零相运行的一般参数条件。研究发现,在过耦合条件下,主谐振点两侧存在两个第二谐振点。进一步分析了系统在不同谐振点下的能量传递特性,验证了第二谐振点可以实现恒功率的特性。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了接收机运动条件下DWC系统在第二谐振点处的恒功率特性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asia-Pacific Journal-Japan Focus
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