Journal of Urban Management最新文献

Daylight is essential for ecosystems and for the physical and mental well-being of people. In densely populated cities, only a small proportion of total daylight is available to support urban greenery and most people have little daily exposure to natural daylight. Despite this, many cities have followed a strategy of densification as a way of preventing urban sprawl and reducing energy consumption. In this article, we review the biological importance of daylight and show that urban densification leads to a reduction in the daylight available for both people and nature. We conclude that daylight in cities should be treated as a limiting resource that needs to be planned and managed carefully, much like water or energy. We suggest elements for a policy framework aimed at optimizing urban daylight, including how to determine daylight needs, how to determine the maximum viable urban density, and policy options for built and unbuilt areas.

In this study, we investigate how geographic proximity to industrial services provided by cities across the urban hierarchy contributes to differences in land prices of nearby towns. We construct three urban hierarchy tiers for cities in China based on their administrative levels. Using over 78,000 transaction data on the transfer of the land-use rights of industrial land between 2009 and 2019 from the China Land Market Network website, we observe spatial patterns in the spillover effect of industrial services. Land prices tend to decline with great distances from cities providing industrial services. Moreover, the spillover effects of urban service for the higher tiers of the urban hierarchy are large. Our results suggest that policymakers and urban planners should re-evaluate the agglomeration spillover effect because it may not fully consider the position of urban concentrations in the urban hierarchy.

Accurately revealing the temporal and spatial laws of urban public safety incidents can provide a scientific basis for the construction of urban public safety. Telephone complaints are an important way for residents to perceive urban public safety based on objective reality. This paper uses the 12,345 citizen complaint hotline data in Beijing to explore the temporal and spatial distribution patterns and aggregation characteristics of urban public safety within a day by Emerging HotSpot Analysis. And analyzes the safety space classification based on the characteristic patterns. The results show that: ①The curve of complaints about urban public safety incidents in Beijing is obvious “double peaks” characteristics within one day, at 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. respectively; ②The occurrence of urban public safety incidents occurs from scratch, from small to large, from large to small, and gradually disappearing within one day; ③The complaints of urban public safety show significant aggregation characteristics in each time period, and the degree of aggregation changes with time; ④ The main manifestations are scattered hot spots and oscillating hot spots. The research conclusions are expected to provide new ideas for urban public safety research and enrich social perception research based on complaint data.

The main phases of any housing project are planning, design, execution, regulation, and use. All the stakeholders involved in each phase can impact the project's status and progress. The study has explored the dynamics of acquiring five fundamental housing resources, i.e., physical, financial, construction capital, intellectual, and policy. The paper responds to the lack of research on resource acquisition and the patterns of stakeholder engagements, particularly in South Asian countries. The study provides the stakeholder model in the case of Pakistan as an interesting study of relationships between resource-acquiring patterns and engagement mechanisms that can be applied to other geographical contributions. Drawing on qualitative analysis from in-depth interviews with prime stakeholders, this paper concludes by highlighting policy resources as the focal point of resource-wise stakeholder engagement in low-income housing development. This paper highlights the complexities associated with amalgamated engagements with limited transparency on the patterns of resource acquisition for better navigating the provision of low-income housing in developing countries urbanizing at alarming rates.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a sustainable land use planning tool based on land value-added capturing and urban quality improvements and has been vigorously promoted by Chinese city governments. However, few studies have been conducted on the role of the ‘land finance’ model and on people-oriented planning approach focusing on urban inclusive growth. This paper examines the current implementation of TOD in China and attempts to explore the approach to the paradigm transformation of urban development in China. Evidence from Hangzhou illustrates that the current land-centered and property-led urban rail transit construction, although contributing to the economic sustainability of ‘urban development strategy’, has led to unaffordable housing prices and failed to decentralize population away from downtown areas. This study highlights inclusive growth models which integrate TOD planning with affordable housing for the floating population, not only to ensure equity in housing affordability and space accessibility but also to promote polycentric urban development strategies. The locations of inclusive growth models include new towns/sub-cities, traditional cores and suburbs, which are all based on existing industrial cluster areas and promote the full utilization of existing public service facilities.

The relationship between heritage, conservation and tourism has determined countless actions on the historic centers of several cities in the world. In Latin America, governmental entities have set guidelines for urban heritage interventions through plans, programs and a variety of projects implemented in recent decades. The predominant emphasis of these actions has been on safeguarding tangible aspects of heritage, adhering to international conservation guidelines, and promoting tourism as a means to stimulate sustainable local development. However, a critical point of these efforts lies in the neglect of adverse social consequences imposed on local residents and communities. In this paper we consider a representative case: the heritage area of Cuenca in Ecuador, where an intervention took place starting with the UNESCO Declaration of the case study in 1999 until 2019. We characterize the process, analyze the incidence of planning instruments and identify the attributes that were enhanced as well as those that were suppressed through a historical review of current plans and executed projects. The results reveal the persistence of a conservationist and orthodox vision of heritage, which leads to the displacement of vulnerable groups. Hence, it is imperative to reevaluate intervention policies in the urban heritage context of Latin American cities like Cuenca.

Residential segregation is an important challenge in Latin America, particularly since its effects on quality of life and access to urban opportunities are increasingly urgent on the public agenda. Segregation has not only arisen in the region due to the market, but also directly due to the State, which has promoted it through creating social housing along urban peripheries, far from job opportunities and urban equipment. This has increased conditions of vulnerability, although such conditions are not homogenously distributed in the territory. The present article proposes a multidimensional vulnerability index for social housing project residents, which apart from the socioeconomic indicator used in official measurements also applies two special indicators: (1) spatial mismatch from employment centers, and (2) an indicator for accessibility to public services and equipment. Unlike the commonly used one-dimensional indicator, the proposed index produces clearer discrimination of the vulnerability levels faced by social housing residents, allowing for better public policy design and improved public resource focusing.

Adaptive reuse of cultural heritage can be a valid strategy to recover heritage buildings in a state of abandonment or underuse, as well as to implement the circular economy model in cities and regions, contributing to the achievement of climate objectives, to social cohesion, wellbeing and quality of life, making cities more attractive, safe, sustainable and resilient. The aim of this paper is to develop and test an ex-ante evaluation methodology to support participatory decision-making processes for the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage according to the circular economy perspective. A multidimensional and multicriteria evaluation framework was experimented in the city of Salerno, Italy, to assess alternative solutions for the adaptive reuse of four large historic buildings in abandonment, and identify a satisfying solution based on interactions with local stakeholders. The TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) multi-criteria evaluation method was used to compare adaptive reuse project alternatives including stakeholder objectives and preferences. Starting from 14 adaptive reuse proposals, the participative evaluation methodology supported stakeholders in the identification of 4 preferable solutions further developed and co-designed, as well as in the search of a final satisfying solution engaging diverse stakeholders groups. Moreover, operational circularity criteria for the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage were identified. The results of the study show the potential of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) mixed with participative methods for co-design and co-evaluation to support inclusive decision-making processes for circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage.

This study investigates the effects of city size and administrative rank on rural–urban migration in China and examines the factors that influence the city size effect. We focus on unemployed while job-seeking migrants. Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey for 2016 and 2017, we find that city size and administrative rank positively influence the destination of rural–urban migrants. Furthermore, we conclude that individual characteristics and home province features influence the city size effect. Young, unmarried, educated, and first-time migrants tend to choose big cities. Migrants from provinces without a primate city tend to move across provincial boundaries, implying that big cities are destinations. Moreover, the city size effect positively correlates with urban concentration and urbanization. Finally, we noted that first-time migrants tend to select a big city to migrate.