Journal of Urban Management最新文献

This study investigates the effects of city size and administrative rank on rural–urban migration in China and examines the factors that influence the city size effect. We focus on unemployed while job-seeking migrants. Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey for 2016 and 2017, we find that city size and administrative rank positively influence the destination of rural–urban migrants. Furthermore, we conclude that individual characteristics and home province features influence the city size effect. Young, unmarried, educated, and first-time migrants tend to choose big cities. Migrants from provinces without a primate city tend to move across provincial boundaries, implying that big cities are destinations. Moreover, the city size effect positively correlates with urban concentration and urbanization. Finally, we noted that first-time migrants tend to select a big city to migrate.

Land use modelling is essential to understanding future land use and change dynamics. Analyses of land use and change using Cellular Automata (CA) have been frequent in the literature since the latter were introduced to geography in the 1970s. In this paper, the statistical subsections – city blocks – of a previous analysis of Lisbon's commercial structure are used as the cells of a CA. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models the transition potential of those cells between 1995 and 2020, considering the impact of street centrality, subway development and other proxies of urban growth. The results confirm that commercial growth and change can be simulated as a function of street centrality and that using Local integration and Choice as drivers of a CA may help improve predictions of commercial growth and change. Moreover, the CA results reinforce that street centrality positively affects street commerce, especially when combined with access to transit and amenities. While these results can already inform planning practice and policymaking, the framework presented in this paper may be replicated to simulate ​future commercial land use, thus helping planners and policymakers prepare for change.

With the expansion of industrial activities in developing countries like Bangladesh, the purchase of motorized vehicles is also growing in recent days. This increased number of motorized vehicles is creating massive pressure on the logistic movement in industrial areas, and the performance level of roadways is deteriorating day by day. It has become quite difficult to meet the need for a reliable transportation system that can provide good compatibility for road users and logistical operations. Kanchpur Industrial Area can be classified as an industrial hub of Narayanganj District due to the presence of jute trading and plant processing industries. Over the years two bridges have been constructed in the proximity of this area named, the Kanchpur Bridge and Sultana Kamal Bridge to decrease the pressure on N2 National Highway; however, the situation is still not satisfactory and construction of a third bridge over the Shitalakhya River is under consideration by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB). Dhaka-Sylhet Highway is a section of the N2 National Highway system which connects the industrial district Kanchpur with Dhaka City. The main objectives of the study were to develop a methodology which can be used to measure the Level of Service (LOS) of roadways located in developing countries and use it to understand the necessity of the construction of the third Shitalakhya Bridge. LOS measurement procedures suitable for developed countries are not useable for developing countries due to the difference in road geometry, presence of non-motorized vehicles, and control delay at intersections. A procedure has been developed to measure LOS by combining standards of the National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India; Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), USA; and Roads and Highway Department (RHD), Bangladesh. LOS measurement was based on four parameters: Peak Hour Factor (PHF), Travel Speed, Load Factor, and Volume/Capacity Ratio (VCR). The data analysis shows that the LOS value of the Dhaka-Sylhet Highway varies within the range from “E" to “F", and construction of the third Shitalakhya Bridge will significantly improve the roadway condition.

In this study, we examine the feasibility of reverse mortgages in Brazil from the perspectives of both policyholders and insurers. Reverse mortgage is a financial product where the property's ownership is transferred to an insurance company in exchange for a guaranteed annuity, while the insured retains the right to use such property until their death. Using monthly real state pricing data (2008–2019) provided by FipeZAP, we employ statistical modeling to predict future prices of properties to get the future insurer's expected results, while policyholders' annuity benefits are calculated using actuarial approach. To assess attractiveness, we calculate internal rate of return for different policyholder profiles and conduct profit test for the insurer. Our results indicate that, as an investment strategy, reverse mortgage has little or no attractiveness to the policyholder despite its actuarial fairness. However, it may be a viable option for increasing retirement income in case of a consistent real estate overvaluation. For insurers, the results are unfeasible due to the extended time lag for positive financial results, which only occurs after the policyholder's death. The inclusion of safety loadings can produce more favorable outcomes. Nonetheless, we recommend incorporating reverse mortgages as an elderly policy strategy to reduce reliance on state support during retirement, even if no attractive returns are provided as a financial investment. We also discuss policy implications (e.g., right to the city) to help the elderly stay connected to social support networks and local services.

Housing is the major way for Hangzhou residents to access public primary and secondary education resources. The implementation of educational equalization policies will impact housing prices, especially school district housing prices. This paper focuses on the synchronous enrollment policy, which requires both public and private schools to enroll students simultaneously, thus changing the enrollment strategies for students and parents. Using the 2019 implementation of the synchronous enrollment policy in Hangzhou primary schools as a natural experiment, the difference-in-differences and quantile regression models were employed to estimate the capitalization of this policy and its heterogeneity. The results indicate that the policy leads to an appreciation of school district housing prices, with a stronger effect on the housing prices of elite public school districts. To achieve educational equalization, the government must formulate supporting policies to ensure internal balance in public schools and simultaneously create sufficient high-quality educational resources.

This study aims to investigate the housing affordability crisis and if Canada's political leadership is part of the problem or part of the solution. Convergent parallel design was conducted to understand a research problem. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected to examine the research argument and to answer the research questions of who benefits from the existing housing situation and how the situation influences young Canadians. The results show that both government and bankers benefit from the existing shortage of residential property. While bankers work in their arena with the incentive to generate income and increase profit through facilitating mortgages, Canada's leadership at all levels regulates the real estate market with no incentive to improve the existing shortage. Offering affordable homes for Canadians is a government responsibility, but one that conflicts with other governments interests. Affordable houses require more focus on the supply side of the market to reduce the shortage, which conflicts with government's goal of generating more tax revenue since property tax is linked directly to real estate market prices. The study results show that Canada's leadership potential conflict of interest cannot be ignored and the challenge of high residential property prices creates a problem of brain drain among young Canadians. The Canadian government needs to work to increase the supply of residential property through new policies that encourage development and investment in new home construction. Canada, as the second largest country in the world by area, can mitigate this problem if the government were generous in offering lands for new development programs and removing current restrictions.

In recent decades, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as a significant driver of economic growth and enhancer of competitiveness. They constitute an estimated 90% of the total population of businesses, and contribute significantly, up to 40% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in emerging markets. Furthermore, these enterprises yield a fundamental function in cultivating job prospects, offering employment to approximately half of the worldwide labor force. However, SMEs often face unique challenges related to their size and resources, including accessing finance, developing new products and services, and identifying optimal locations for their businesses. This study seeks to address the latter issue by analyzing the spatial preferences of small and medium knowledge-based enterprises in Tehran's new business area, utilizing the spatial analyst tools by GIS. The research methodology employed in this study is non-experimental in character. It involves the distribution of a social survey to proprietors of SMEs in order to ascertain the key criteria they prioritize when selecting a location for their business. For the purpose of achieving the objective, a conceptual-operational model was developed, comprising four index categories. These categories are delineated as the personal motivations of the entrepreneur, the characteristics of the internal business environment, the spatial environment surrounding the business, and the institutional factors shaping the space. These components constitute critical determinants of the proposed model. The chosen variables were subjected to spatial analysis, and a business environment assistance map was developed in four zones. Following thorough analysis, the northwestern part of the area under consideration has been identified as the optimal zone, and subsequent recommendations for appropriate strategies have been proposed. The study culminated by offering suggestions for improvement, consisting of the implementation of a contextually-oriented model pertaining to new Iranian business improvement districts (BIDs) as a means of augmenting the status of SMEs.

The network system is defined as the combination of streets and alleys. Although the potential of alleys in complementing street networks is acknowledged, the topic has not received a considerable attention in urban planning practice and scholarship. This paper evaluates alleys’ role in the combined street-alley networks by calculating Information Centrality, a metric in Multiple Centrality Assessment (MCA). The combined network of streets and alleys in thirteen neighborhoods of Abu Dhabi and Dubai have been studied. Findings indicate that alleys may or may not contribute to increment of network efficiency. Generally, the contribution of alleys to efficiency is more significant if the corresponding street network has low efficiency.

This study is a bibliometric analysis of urban studies publications from 2001 to 2021 that unravels the evolution and growing complexity of the field. Although developed regions still dominate and lead this area of inquiry, urban studies led by Asian scholars have increased dramatically over the last decade. There is also topic diffusion from developed regions to less-developed regions despite some unique emphases within each region caused by their local socio-economic-ecological contexts. Climate change adaptation and sustainable development, inequality, and urban governance are receiving growing attention globally. The findings suggest the rising importance of cross-continent knowledge transfer and multi-disciplinary collaboration, particularly among urban studies, sustainability policies and management, public administration, and development studies. Also, urban researchers need to pay more attention to issues faced by many growing cities in developing economies in Asia and Africa as more of the world's population will reside in those urban settings in the coming decades.