Journal of Urban Management最新文献

Understanding a city's urban growth trend and associated environmental change scenarios is necessary to ensure the quality of life of urban people by sustaining ecosystem health. We have performed urban environmental change detection for the major cities in Bangladesh based on the analysis of urban indices using remote sensing techniques. We have further correlated these indices-derived outcomes with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 11 (sustainable cities and communities) by estimating the SDG indicator 11.3.1. This indicator deals with the urban land consumption rate ratio to the population growth rate. We calculated the Impervious Surface Area (ISA), Vegetation Fraction (VF), and Biotope Area Ratio (BAR) for Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, and Khulna-the four major cities in Bangladesh. We have also estimated the Normalized Urban Area Composite Index (NAUCI) as NAUCI utilizes further information from other pertinent pre-established indices like NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI. These widely used indices are also essential to consider because these indicators are also directly related to land consumption and population growth. Here we find that each of the considered cities is expanding significantly faster. Therefore, the ecology of the urban environment is degrading as well as the cities' conditions are worsening in terms of SDG 11.3.1. Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet exhibit a lowering trend of the SDG indicator, whereas Khulna city show the opposite; however, we found Khulna's urban growth like the other cities under investigation is harming the ecology too.

In the global south, policies related to the housing sector have a general inclination towards property ownership. Little efforts are put in supporting, strengthening and promoting the rental housing market. Similar practice is witnesses in Pakistan for provision of housing for middle income groups. The fact that making housing available through the rental market is less time consuming, more efficient and perhaps a better solution, at least in the short run, is not acknowledged. Furthermore, the policies related to rental housing are inadequate and the sector despite having great potential has been facing grave issues, such as lack of appropriate legal covers and safeguards for property owners. This research, using systematic literature review and being based on semi structured interviews of key stake holders critically analysis the existing regulations, policies and bye-laws within the rental market in Pakistan. It also assesses the viability of this housing market as an alternate to home ownership. The conclusions point towards rental housing as a potential alternate to home ownership if the legal covers are clear and safety nets for tenants and landlords are stronger. The results also point towards the flexibility that rental housing offers for younger middle-income households as it encourages movement when searching for better economic options.

Urban sprawl in metropolitan cities of India is a distressing concern for planners. Not only, it is underachieved but it is neglected. This study attempts to help in understanding the gap by studying urban sprawl in 5 assembly constituencies (ACs) of Lucknow city of India, through urban growth indicators such as urban growth types (Infilling, Edge-expansion and outlying), Shannon’s Entropy value and Landscape metrics (Complexity, Compactness, Centrality and Porosity). Results for these 5 ​ACs namely Cantonment (Cantt.), Lucknow Central (LC), Lucknow East (LE), Lucknow North (LN) and Lucknow West (LW) show that constituency has gone under a large amount of urban growth since 1985 to 2015. Amount of edge expansion in 2005–2015 is decreasing from previous duration of changes in year 1985–1995 and 1995–2005. Outlying growth of built-up area shown by formation of new patches is resulting in increase of 122.69 km2 area in Built-up from 1985 to 2015, which was at first cycle (1985–1995) caused by decrease in Other and Vegetation Land Use (LU) class but after that in 1995–2005 and 2005–2015, it is mainly due to decrease in Agricultural land. Among Landscape metrics, NP (Number of Patches) and LSI (Landscape Shape Index) show upward trend from 1985 to 2015 indicating increase in compactness and complexity of patches of Built-up but ENN_MN (Mean Euclidean Nearest neighbor Distance) and AI (Aggregation Index) show either constant or negative trend. Shannon’s entropy value Hn for every year is close to log_e(n) and also in increasing manner, depicting increase in Built-up area dispersion.

The growing global population has increased the demands for urban housing development not only in the cities but in suburbs and rural areas as well. This gradual but speedy urbanization and globalization have introduced a new kind of “night lifestyle” among people, who engage in various entertainment activities late in the evening till early mornings. This influx of urban architecture and changes in lifestyles have resulted in increased use of various kinds of lighting systems in our cities to a point where some cities like Mumbai and New York City are known as “the cities that never sleep.” Although this might be contributing significantly to the economy, they cause greater harm-light pollution, with little to no awareness. This paper, therefore, deals with the various types and causes, and thus the consequences of light pollution, ranging from plants, animals, humans to astronomy. The documentation done so far concerning light pollution has been done by scientists and astronomers from the West. Thus, an attempt has been made to assess the awareness ratio among Indians between the ages of 16–65 through an online questionnaire, analyzing the collected data qualitatively. It was found that majority of the participants were not aware about the term ‘light pollution’ and consequently were not aware about the threat that comes with it. So the objective of this review paper is to bring attention to the severity of the issue of light pollution and make people aware of the consequences it has on our lives. All the effective mitigation policies and regulations from various countries around the world that were theorized to deal with this risk and propagate awareness are included. Our goal is to bring these solutions to practice in the Asian and South Asian countries like India and make the masses informed as light pollution is still a relatively new and alien concept.

Due partly to neoliberal policies—especially in developing countries—and as a result of globalization, urban informality has become an indisputable part of urbanization since the 1970s. As a developing country, Iran has also dealt with the onset of this type of urbanism since the 1920s. The majority of global studies recognize the status of informal settlements and explain relevant approaches and actions. However, less emphasis is placed on informal reproduction factors; This study critically examines the factors that culminate in the reproduction of informality in Iran, namely the ominous triangle of power (government), the state economy, and knowledge-based on instrumental rationality (Technocracy) and its social, physical and environmental effects. This study seeks to evaluate the influential factors of urban informality in Iran with a critical and comprehensive view of the social, economic, political, physical dimensions and avoids an uni-dimensional tunnel vision. Findings show that the government policies and the economic sector monopoly play significant roles in the reproduction of poverty and informal settings in Iran. Furthermore, managerial and technical tools will act as government tools, the output of which manifests in its physical, social, and environmental factors.

This study examines determinant factors for the expansion of informal settlements in Gondar, a historical city in Ethiopia. In order to address this study objective, quantitative data were employed from 196 randomly selected households in four sites. The study indicated that a single factor is not determinant for the expansion of informal settlements in the city. The results of the study revealed that socio-economic, political and legislative, administrative, and demographic factors are statistically significant. These four dimensions together accounts 61.4 percent of all factors that facilitate the formation of informal settlement in Gondar city of Ethiopia. More specifically, socio-economic dimension is the first influential factor with 30.9%; political and legislative dimension is the second dominant factor with 15.7% followed by administrative dimension (10.2%); and demographic factors are contributed the least(4.6%) for the expansion of informal settlements. The study emphasized the need to implement appropriate urban planning, land and housing policy aimed at improving the efficient use of urban land. Improving the efficient use of urban land is imperative to address land prices and housing shortages, protecting farmland and ecosystems, and mainly to tackle land hoarding, urban sprawl and informal settlements.

In many developing countries, comprehensive and structured planning strategies for pedestrians compared to users of other modes are grossly absent. This poses a challenge for planning agencies and local government authorities in the proper utilization of the fund. The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive list of factors that would help in the decision-making process for the improvement of pedestrian facilities in urban areas. A preliminary list of 57 factors that influence the improvement of pedestrian facilities in the urban area was discovered through a literature survey and expert intervention. The compilation was done based on the frequency of citations in previous studies. The factors were then grouped into five major categories that characterize the pedestrian facilities such as (1) Infrastructure; (2) Location (3) Ambience/Liveability, (4) Safety and Security, and (5) Mobility. A Delphi survey was conducted among 24 selected experts. After 4 rounds of the survey, 33 factors were identified as significant for the improvement of pedestrian facilities in an urban area. The study also identified some significant factors that failed to get attention in the past. The consolidated list would serve as a guide for planners, authorities, and government officials to adopt significant factors according to their requirements, and can be used as a reference for other developing countries.

Urbanization has brought in expeditious changing world trends from dispersed rural settlements to denser urban centers. Higher frequent economic activities have attracted a large in-flow of job seekers, migrant laborers, and foreign investors to urban centers, furthering the complexity. Contrary to beliefs, urban demography has not brought people together; instead, it has created a new concern, Urban Isolation. The paper tries to explain issues related to urban isolation from examples of cities experiencing it. Results from a survey to determine factors leading to urban isolation for three major cities in India, namely, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Kochi, are also presented. The study includes sensitivity analysis using ANOVA for gender, age group, and household sizes. Factor analysis resulted in two prominent factors, “Sociability” and “Acceptability.” The paper provides probable solutions to counter the adverse effects of Urban Isolation. The findings from this study may be highly demographic-centric, catering to the Indian scenario.