Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1177/14780771221120693
Bhoomika Umashankar
Architects aspire to build iconic buildings and focus on experimenting with non-standard forms. The construction of non-standard forms is challenging. This has led many researchers and facade designers to develop and resolve the complexity of forms to simpler, buildable elements. In this progress, the tessellation of non-standard surfaces has experimented considerably with different approaches using computational tools. All the approaches from researchers or facade engineers have limited access for every designer. As they develop patented software or use any coding languages which are not accessed by any open-source platform. Hence in academia, it is difficult to experiment in this domain. This paper analyzes the existing panalization computational tools and different approaches used by researchers worldwide in developing complex curved surfaces. Analyzing the relevant cases led to identifying the gap in current research. This has led to investigate and explore a new algorithmic process using an existing computational tool: Agent-based modeling on an open-source tool (Grasshopper-Visual programming language), which is phase -1 of the Master’s thesis.
{"title":"Parametric investigation of agent-based modeling in algorithmic development of curved surfaces","authors":"Bhoomika Umashankar","doi":"10.1177/14780771221120693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221120693","url":null,"abstract":"Architects aspire to build iconic buildings and focus on experimenting with non-standard forms. The construction of non-standard forms is challenging. This has led many researchers and facade designers to develop and resolve the complexity of forms to simpler, buildable elements. In this progress, the tessellation of non-standard surfaces has experimented considerably with different approaches using computational tools. All the approaches from researchers or facade engineers have limited access for every designer. As they develop patented software or use any coding languages which are not accessed by any open-source platform. Hence in academia, it is difficult to experiment in this domain. This paper analyzes the existing panalization computational tools and different approaches used by researchers worldwide in developing complex curved surfaces. Analyzing the relevant cases led to identifying the gap in current research. This has led to investigate and explore a new algorithmic process using an existing computational tool: Agent-based modeling on an open-source tool (Grasshopper-Visual programming language), which is phase -1 of the Master’s thesis.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"67 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47650881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1177/14780771221120649
Iago Longue Martins, Ana Paula Lyra
As an impact of climate change, water-related disasters, such as floods, are becoming more frequent. In this context, there is an increasing demand to improve the resiliency of urban settlements, using multiple approaches and techniques. This paper assesses one of those techniques, by developing an algorithmic-parametric tool to quantify how urban forestry reduces flood impacts from rainfall runoff. The assessment was comprised by three main methodological steps: (#1) observing the scientific literature on “the sponge effect” observed in green infrastructures; (#2) developing an algorithmic-parametric tool using the Grasshopper application to estimate rainfall runoff, considering the influence of urban forestry design factors; and (#3) performing digital simulations with this parametric tool using a Rhinoceros-Grasshopper interface. Results indicate this method is effective in assessing the efficacy of green interventions to mitigate urban flood damage and also in foreseeing how different design strategies impact urban hydrological dynamics.
{"title":"Development and application of an algorithmic-parametric tool to assess the contribution of urban forestry to mitigate floods","authors":"Iago Longue Martins, Ana Paula Lyra","doi":"10.1177/14780771221120649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221120649","url":null,"abstract":"As an impact of climate change, water-related disasters, such as floods, are becoming more frequent. In this context, there is an increasing demand to improve the resiliency of urban settlements, using multiple approaches and techniques. This paper assesses one of those techniques, by developing an algorithmic-parametric tool to quantify how urban forestry reduces flood impacts from rainfall runoff. The assessment was comprised by three main methodological steps: (#1) observing the scientific literature on “the sponge effect” observed in green infrastructures; (#2) developing an algorithmic-parametric tool using the Grasshopper application to estimate rainfall runoff, considering the influence of urban forestry design factors; and (#3) performing digital simulations with this parametric tool using a Rhinoceros-Grasshopper interface. Results indicate this method is effective in assessing the efficacy of green interventions to mitigate urban flood damage and also in foreseeing how different design strategies impact urban hydrological dynamics.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"496 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48090624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-04DOI: 10.1177/14780771221106152
Hossein Soltan Rahmati, Mohammad Hossein Ayatollahi
Morphological theories in architecture are more popular than ever partly due to the rapid developments in computational techniques. This rapid development, however, is more fruitful when it is informed of the philosophical and ethical bases of such techniques. The neglected historical case of Benjamin W. Betts, an architect of the late Victorian Britain, is an early example of the effects of philosophical presuppositions on computable theories of morphogenesis in arts and architecture. The aims of this study are to shed light on his motivations and sources of inspiration, and also to present an algorithm for his procedure. We used the only book available on the Betts' works in addition to archival materials to conduct the research. Betts was under heavy influence of Idealism and Oriental thought in his symbology and the morphogenetic procedure he designed. The Python/Grasshopper algorithm for Rhino presented in this paper produces two dimensional Betts' diagrams that can be used as an educational tool or an opportunity of enjoying the beauty of mathematical forms, and the immense variety they offer thanks to parameterization.
建筑中的形态理论比以往任何时候都更受欢迎，部分原因是由于计算技术的快速发展。然而，如果了解到这种技术的哲学和伦理基础，这种迅速的发展就会更加富有成效。本杰明·w·贝茨(Benjamin W. Betts)是英国维多利亚时代晚期的一位建筑师，他被忽视的历史案例是一个早期的例子，说明哲学预设对艺术和建筑中形态发生的可计算理论的影响。本研究的目的是阐明他的动机和灵感来源，并提出他的程序的算法。除了档案资料外，我们还使用了唯一一本关于贝茨夫妇作品的书来进行研究。贝茨设计的符号学和形态发生过程深受唯心主义和东方思想的影响。本文中介绍的Rhino的Python/Grasshopper算法生成二维Betts图，可以用作教育工具或享受数学形式之美的机会，以及它们提供的巨大多样性，这要归功于参数化。
{"title":"Benjamin W. Betts and his computable approach towards morphogenesis","authors":"Hossein Soltan Rahmati, Mohammad Hossein Ayatollahi","doi":"10.1177/14780771221106152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221106152","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological theories in architecture are more popular than ever partly due to the rapid developments in computational techniques. This rapid development, however, is more fruitful when it is informed of the philosophical and ethical bases of such techniques. The neglected historical case of Benjamin W. Betts, an architect of the late Victorian Britain, is an early example of the effects of philosophical presuppositions on computable theories of morphogenesis in arts and architecture. The aims of this study are to shed light on his motivations and sources of inspiration, and also to present an algorithm for his procedure. We used the only book available on the Betts' works in addition to archival materials to conduct the research. Betts was under heavy influence of Idealism and Oriental thought in his symbology and the morphogenetic procedure he designed. The Python/Grasshopper algorithm for Rhino presented in this paper produces two dimensional Betts' diagrams that can be used as an educational tool or an opportunity of enjoying the beauty of mathematical forms, and the immense variety they offer thanks to parameterization.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"42 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43148498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/14780771221097685
Vernelle A. A. Noel
Computer-based design and fabrication systems in architecture contain modes of operation and preferences that often constrain tectonic possibilities in design and construction. These predispositions neglect architecture’s cultural and material dimensions, resulting in universalizing tectonics that erase nuances of place, culture, and expression in design. How may we celebrate local tectonic languages while also revisiting them through computer-based systems in architecture? The project examined here highlights novel possibilities for cultural expression and craftsmanship through computational design methods, retaining the expressive potential of a local craft while de-familiarizing its cultural context. I analyze how shape grammars and digital fabrication methods deployed in design, de-familiarizes the craft of wire-bending in costuming in the Trinidad Carnival. I present and apply new rules for the craft’s computational description based on material tests and an architectural application to expand discourses on critical regionalism. I adopt Tabbarah’s term “computational regionalism” to describe this process and elaborate it as a five-step sequence. Computational regionalism employs computational methods to translate local craft knowledge and tectonic languages into new interpretations and poetics of construction. Its process of creative de-familiarization raises critical questions about the local and the universal.
{"title":"Computational regionalism: De-familiarization of tectonics in the wire-bending craft","authors":"Vernelle A. A. Noel","doi":"10.1177/14780771221097685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221097685","url":null,"abstract":"Computer-based design and fabrication systems in architecture contain modes of operation and preferences that often constrain tectonic possibilities in design and construction. These predispositions neglect architecture’s cultural and material dimensions, resulting in universalizing tectonics that erase nuances of place, culture, and expression in design. How may we celebrate local tectonic languages while also revisiting them through computer-based systems in architecture? The project examined here highlights novel possibilities for cultural expression and craftsmanship through computational design methods, retaining the expressive potential of a local craft while de-familiarizing its cultural context. I analyze how shape grammars and digital fabrication methods deployed in design, de-familiarizes the craft of wire-bending in costuming in the Trinidad Carnival. I present and apply new rules for the craft’s computational description based on material tests and an architectural application to expand discourses on critical regionalism. I adopt Tabbarah’s term “computational regionalism” to describe this process and elaborate it as a five-step sequence. Computational regionalism employs computational methods to translate local craft knowledge and tectonic languages into new interpretations and poetics of construction. Its process of creative de-familiarization raises critical questions about the local and the universal.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"277 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46807030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/14780771221108876
A. Brown
This Open issue of the International Journal of Architectural Computing reflects both the buoyant nature of the discipline and the ever-broadening range of ways that computational means are being used across a wide range of activities in Architecture. The span is from evolution of design and analysis ideas, to the to the application in Construction and Practice, and finally to work that focusses on the necessary education to spread understanding of current issues effectively. This is reflected in the fact that there are three sections to this issue of the Journal, picking up each of these three major themes.
{"title":"The many facets of design computation in contemporary architecture","authors":"A. Brown","doi":"10.1177/14780771221108876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221108876","url":null,"abstract":"This Open issue of the International Journal of Architectural Computing reflects both the buoyant nature of the discipline and the ever-broadening range of ways that computational means are being used across a wide range of activities in Architecture. The span is from evolution of design and analysis ideas, to the to the application in Construction and Practice, and finally to work that focusses on the necessary education to spread understanding of current issues effectively. This is reflected in the fact that there are three sections to this issue of the Journal, picking up each of these three major themes.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"147 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43832858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1177/14780771221097683
R. M. Mahmoud, A. Youssef
Self-learning is receiving great attention internationally in different fields, along with the best utilization of different computational applications or methods. This paper introduces a novel computational approach for supporting Architectural Design Education (ADE) in its early stages; a computational implementation through MATLAB has been developed to conduct the proposed processes. As a scope, spaces’ furnishing design has been selected to demonstrate the proposed computational approach and implementation, while office workspaces have been selected as a representative case. However, the proposed approach provides and enhances ADE through three main concepts: (a) generating design alternatives for different cases of furnishing spaces, (b) providing accurate and flexible evaluations to students’/designers’ works with different levels, and (c) tracking students based on their defaults and relevant sensitive modifications. Different applications of the proposed approach have been generated, analyzed, and validated.
{"title":"A computational framework for supporting architectural education of spaces’ furnishing design","authors":"R. M. Mahmoud, A. Youssef","doi":"10.1177/14780771221097683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221097683","url":null,"abstract":"Self-learning is receiving great attention internationally in different fields, along with the best utilization of different computational applications or methods. This paper introduces a novel computational approach for supporting Architectural Design Education (ADE) in its early stages; a computational implementation through MATLAB has been developed to conduct the proposed processes. As a scope, spaces’ furnishing design has been selected to demonstrate the proposed computational approach and implementation, while office workspaces have been selected as a representative case. However, the proposed approach provides and enhances ADE through three main concepts: (a) generating design alternatives for different cases of furnishing spaces, (b) providing accurate and flexible evaluations to students’/designers’ works with different levels, and (c) tracking students based on their defaults and relevant sensitive modifications. Different applications of the proposed approach have been generated, analyzed, and validated.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"346 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43743980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1177/14780771221089885
D. Newton
Mental health disorders, such as depression, have been estimated to account for the largest proportion of global disease burden. Existing research has established significant correlations between the built environment and mental health. This research, however, has relied on traditional statistical methods that are not amenable to working with large remote sensing image-based datasets. This research addresses this challenge and contributes new knowledge and a novel method for using generative deep learning for urban analysis and synthesis tasks involving mental health. The research specifically investigates three mental state measures: depression, anxiety, and the perception of safety. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the process—providing a new method to find correlational signals, while providing insights on the correlation between specific urban design features and the incidence of depression.
{"title":"Identifying correlations between depression and urban morphology through generative deep learning","authors":"D. Newton","doi":"10.1177/14780771221089885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221089885","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health disorders, such as depression, have been estimated to account for the largest proportion of global disease burden. Existing research has established significant correlations between the built environment and mental health. This research, however, has relied on traditional statistical methods that are not amenable to working with large remote sensing image-based datasets. This research addresses this challenge and contributes new knowledge and a novel method for using generative deep learning for urban analysis and synthesis tasks involving mental health. The research specifically investigates three mental state measures: depression, anxiety, and the perception of safety. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the process—providing a new method to find correlational signals, while providing insights on the correlation between specific urban design features and the incidence of depression.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"136 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48295535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1177/14780771221100102
Gizem Özerol, Semra Arslan Selçuk
Through the recent technological developments within the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) studies have had a huge impact on various disciplines such as social sciences, information communication technologies (ICTs), architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). Regarding decision-making and forecasting systems in particular, AI and machine learning (ML) technologies have provided an opportunity to improve the mutual relationships between machines and humans. When the connection between ML and architecture is considered, it is possible to claim that there is no parallel acceleration as in other disciplines. In this study, and considering the latest breakthroughs, we focus on revealing what ML and architecture have in common. Our focal point is to reveal common points by classifying and analyzing current literature through describing the potential of ML in architecture. Studies conducted using ML techniques and subsets of AI technologies were used in this paper, and the resulting data were interpreted using the bibliometric analysis method. In order to discuss the state-of-the-art research articles which have been published between 2014 and 2020, main subjects, subsets, and keywords were refined through the search engines. The statistical figures were demonstrated as huge datasets, and the results were clearly delineated through Sankey diagrams. Thanks to bibliometric analyses of the current literature of WOS (Web of Science), CUMINCAD (Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD, and CAAD futures), predictable data have been presented allowing recommendations for possible future studies for researchers.
通过第四次工业革命中的最新技术发展，人工智能（AI）研究对社会科学、信息通信技术（ICT）、建筑、工程和建筑（AEC）等各个学科产生了巨大影响。特别是在决策和预测系统方面，人工智能和机器学习（ML）技术为改善机器和人类之间的相互关系提供了机会。当考虑ML和体系结构之间的联系时，可以声称没有像其他学科那样的并行加速。在这项研究中，考虑到最新的突破，我们专注于揭示ML和架构的共同点。我们的重点是通过描述ML在建筑中的潜力，对现有文献进行分类和分析，揭示共同点。本文使用了ML技术和人工智能技术子集进行的研究，并使用文献计量分析方法对所得数据进行了解释。为了讨论2014年至2020年间发表的最新研究文章，通过搜索引擎对主要主题、子集和关键词进行了提炼。统计数字被展示为巨大的数据集，结果通过桑基图清晰地描绘出来。由于对WOS（Web of Science）、CUMINCAD（由兄弟协会ACADIA、CAADRIA、eCAADe、SIGraDi、ASCAAD和CAAD futures支持的计算机辅助建筑设计出版物的累积索引）的现有文献进行了文献计量学分析，已经提供了可预测的数据，为研究人员未来可能的研究提供了建议。
{"title":"Machine learning in the discipline of architecture: A review on the research trends between 2014 and 2020","authors":"Gizem Özerol, Semra Arslan Selçuk","doi":"10.1177/14780771221100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221100102","url":null,"abstract":"Through the recent technological developments within the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) studies have had a huge impact on various disciplines such as social sciences, information communication technologies (ICTs), architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). Regarding decision-making and forecasting systems in particular, AI and machine learning (ML) technologies have provided an opportunity to improve the mutual relationships between machines and humans. When the connection between ML and architecture is considered, it is possible to claim that there is no parallel acceleration as in other disciplines. In this study, and considering the latest breakthroughs, we focus on revealing what ML and architecture have in common. Our focal point is to reveal common points by classifying and analyzing current literature through describing the potential of ML in architecture. Studies conducted using ML techniques and subsets of AI technologies were used in this paper, and the resulting data were interpreted using the bibliometric analysis method. In order to discuss the state-of-the-art research articles which have been published between 2014 and 2020, main subjects, subsets, and keywords were refined through the search engines. The statistical figures were demonstrated as huge datasets, and the results were clearly delineated through Sankey diagrams. Thanks to bibliometric analyses of the current literature of WOS (Web of Science), CUMINCAD (Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD, and CAAD futures), predictable data have been presented allowing recommendations for possible future studies for researchers.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"23 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46140312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1177/14780771221089886
Ahmad A Fouad, Ahmed El Antably
Spatial behavior is a principal aspect for architects to consider. Unfortunately, it is sometimes hard to predict, as users of space seldom follow a standard routine. However, predicting user behavior in a space can potentially illuminate the entire design process. Moreover, it is a key factor in fighting the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Until most of the public gets their vaccine, health officials recommend social distancing as the primary means of fighting the pandemic. This paper uses an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) approach to reproduce, analyze, and predict spatial behavior during the pandemic in a school environment and its impact on disease propagation. The simulation reproduces the behavior of teachers and students at a sample elementary school. By manipulating parameters that simulate the school officials' response to the pandemic, stakeholders can assess the most effective preventive measures. As a result of running multiple scenarios, the study demonstrates how varying starting conditions and alternate spatial behaviors could lead to different results, providing insight to stakeholders on how to handle disease spread in school environments.
{"title":"Agent-based modeling and simulation of pandemic propagation in a school environment","authors":"Ahmad A Fouad, Ahmed El Antably","doi":"10.1177/14780771221089886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221089886","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial behavior is a principal aspect for architects to consider. Unfortunately, it is sometimes hard to predict, as users of space seldom follow a standard routine. However, predicting user behavior in a space can potentially illuminate the entire design process. Moreover, it is a key factor in fighting the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Until most of the public gets their vaccine, health officials recommend social distancing as the primary means of fighting the pandemic. This paper uses an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) approach to reproduce, analyze, and predict spatial behavior during the pandemic in a school environment and its impact on disease propagation. The simulation reproduces the behavior of teachers and students at a sample elementary school. By manipulating parameters that simulate the school officials' response to the pandemic, stakeholders can assess the most effective preventive measures. As a result of running multiple scenarios, the study demonstrates how varying starting conditions and alternate spatial behaviors could lead to different results, providing insight to stakeholders on how to handle disease spread in school environments.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"120 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46972571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.1177/14780771221082252
Fadime Diker, M. Arslan, Ilker Erkan
In this study, it is aimed to develop an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model that can estimate tread width values based on the physical characteristics of people and suitable for comfort and safety needs. The input values were obtained by measuring the height, step, and shoe sole lengths of the sample group of 200 people. For the tread width value to be used as output value, a prototype stair model in which different step sizes can be experienced was used. The tread width value obtained by using the test data in the developed ANFIS model was compared with the tread width value obtained from the experimental study. It has been concluded that the ANFIS model developed as a result of the comparison can be used as an efficient tool in estimating the value of stair tread width, which can meet people’s physical comfort needs.
{"title":"Estimating tread width values for stair design appropriated to people’s comfort and safety needs with adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system","authors":"Fadime Diker, M. Arslan, Ilker Erkan","doi":"10.1177/14780771221082252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221082252","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it is aimed to develop an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model that can estimate tread width values based on the physical characteristics of people and suitable for comfort and safety needs. The input values were obtained by measuring the height, step, and shoe sole lengths of the sample group of 200 people. For the tread width value to be used as output value, a prototype stair model in which different step sizes can be experienced was used. The tread width value obtained by using the test data in the developed ANFIS model was compared with the tread width value obtained from the experimental study. It has been concluded that the ANFIS model developed as a result of the comparison can be used as an efficient tool in estimating the value of stair tread width, which can meet people’s physical comfort needs.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"188 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48641748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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