Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021028
G. Russo, A. Langellotti, M. Oliviero, Marco Baselice, R. Sacchi, P. Masi
Second cheese whey (SCW) or "scotta" in Italian, is a side-stream from the manufacturing of "Ricotta" cheese, obtained after thermal coagulation of whey proteins residue in the cheese whey. Galdieria sulphuraria is a thermophilic red algae well known for its metabolic capabilities to grow on wastewater and other saline effluents. In this work, the valorisation of SCW as nutrient source for the growth of G. sulphuraria has been investigated using different concentrations of SCW. The biochemical and fatty acids composition of the biomass obtained has been evaluated too. Small differences have been observed in terms of biomass obtained after 12 days of cultivation between the SCW media and the relative control with the same amount of reducing sugars. The fatty acids composition of G. sulphuraria grown in SCW showed a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to the control. The biomass productivity using SCW media has also been optimized through response surface methodologies with supplementation of nitrogen source obtaining a biomass dry weight higher than 10 g L-1.
第二种奶酪乳清(SCW)或意大利语中的“scotta”，是制造“Ricotta”奶酪的侧流，在奶酪乳清中残留的乳清蛋白热凝固后获得。硫酸Galdieria suluraria是一种嗜热红藻，以其在废水和其他含盐废水上生长的代谢能力而闻名。在这项工作中，研究了不同浓度的硫酸根作为硫酸根生长的营养源的价值。并对所得生物质的生化组成和脂肪酸组成进行了评价。在同样数量的还原糖条件下，SCW培养基与相对对照培养基培养12天后获得的生物量存在微小差异。超临界水培养的硫酸根脂肪酸组成显示出比对照更高的多不饱和脂肪酸含量。通过响应面法优化了SCW培养基的生物量生产力，添加氮源使生物量干重高于10 g L-1。
{"title":"Valorization of second cheese whey through cultivation of extremophile microalga Galdieria sulphuraria","authors":"G. Russo, A. Langellotti, M. Oliviero, Marco Baselice, R. Sacchi, P. Masi","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021028","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Second cheese whey (SCW) or \"<italic>scotta</italic>\" in Italian, is a side-stream from the manufacturing of \"<italic>Ricotta</italic>\" cheese, obtained after thermal coagulation of whey proteins residue in the cheese whey. <italic>Galdieria sulphuraria</italic> is a thermophilic red algae well known for its metabolic capabilities to grow on wastewater and other saline effluents. In this work, the valorisation of SCW as nutrient source for the growth of <italic>G. sulphuraria</italic> has been investigated using different concentrations of SCW. The biochemical and fatty acids composition of the biomass obtained has been evaluated too. Small differences have been observed in terms of biomass obtained after 12 days of cultivation between the SCW media and the relative control with the same amount of reducing sugars. The fatty acids composition of <italic>G. sulphuraria</italic> grown in SCW showed a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to the control. The biomass productivity using SCW media has also been optimized through response surface methodologies with supplementation of nitrogen source obtaining a biomass dry weight higher than 10 g L<sup>-1</sup>.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70231007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021025
F. Sgroi
The contribution aims to highlight the relationship between the business economy applied to viticulture and the ecosystem. The concepts of ecosystem services and viticultural biodiversity are seen in order to provide a new perspective for the development of a more sustainable business management. The work contributes to enriching the economic literature by introducing the relationship between ecosystem and business. The new perspective helps to place the company within the wider ecological-social system, favoring a more consistent interpretation of the relationship of exchange (impact and dependence) of resources with nature. The work proposes a methodology for calculating the ecosystem service rendered by the vineyards cultivated in the Sicilian hills. The conceptual scheme and the methodology adopted highlight the value of the ecosystem service. Certainly, for the future, it is necessary to create business models where ecosystem services find a remuneration as the entrepreneur is led to adopt cultivation practices in this sense only if he finds a remuneration from the public or private sector. Ecosystem services are important to protect the landscape and the environment. The paper proposes a land management method that respects the environmental balance. This approach leads to long-term value creation at both the micro and macroeconomic levels.
{"title":"Landscape management and economic evaluation of the ecosystem services of the vineyards","authors":"F. Sgroi","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021025","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution aims to highlight the relationship between the business economy applied to viticulture and the ecosystem. The concepts of ecosystem services and viticultural biodiversity are seen in order to provide a new perspective for the development of a more sustainable business management. The work contributes to enriching the economic literature by introducing the relationship between ecosystem and business. The new perspective helps to place the company within the wider ecological-social system, favoring a more consistent interpretation of the relationship of exchange (impact and dependence) of resources with nature. The work proposes a methodology for calculating the ecosystem service rendered by the vineyards cultivated in the Sicilian hills. The conceptual scheme and the methodology adopted highlight the value of the ecosystem service. Certainly, for the future, it is necessary to create business models where ecosystem services find a remuneration as the entrepreneur is led to adopt cultivation practices in this sense only if he finds a remuneration from the public or private sector. Ecosystem services are important to protect the landscape and the environment. The paper proposes a land management method that respects the environmental balance. This approach leads to long-term value creation at both the micro and macroeconomic levels.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70230855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021026
F. Teodori
A fundamental step for safety assessment is the study and modeling of the radionuclide transfer through the environment up to reach and expose population to risk. In this vein we are working to provide a reliable and flexible computational framework which can be used for both retrospective and prospective calculations of radiation doses and human health effects, resulting from both routine and uncontrolled releases of radionuclides to the environment and from pre-existing environment contamination. The goal is to provide a multipurpose computational tool to be used for siting facilities, environmental impact statements, and safety analysis reports. The code can handle: external exposure from finite or infinite atmospheric plumes; external exposure from contaminated soil, sediments, and water; external exposure from special geometries; and internal exposures from inhalation, inadvertent intake of soil, consumption of terrestrial foods, aquatic foods, drinking water, and animal products.
{"title":"Health physics calculation framework for environmental impact assessment of radiological contamination","authors":"F. Teodori","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021026","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental step for safety assessment is the study and modeling of the radionuclide transfer through the environment up to reach and expose population to risk. In this vein we are working to provide a reliable and flexible computational framework which can be used for both retrospective and prospective calculations of radiation doses and human health effects, resulting from both routine and uncontrolled releases of radionuclides to the environment and from pre-existing environment contamination. The goal is to provide a multipurpose computational tool to be used for siting facilities, environmental impact statements, and safety analysis reports. The code can handle: external exposure from finite or infinite atmospheric plumes; external exposure from contaminated soil, sediments, and water; external exposure from special geometries; and internal exposures from inhalation, inadvertent intake of soil, consumption of terrestrial foods, aquatic foods, drinking water, and animal products.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70230926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021036
Michael J. Rosciszewski-Dodgson, G. Cirella
As the annual number of shark-related human casualties in Australia increases, there is a need for policymakers to grasp how policy is created in the discourse of shark bite incidences. This is discussed in relation to individuals who have been most affected, i.e., shark bite survivors. The defined argument, being that, victims should feel the most animosity towards sharks, therefore if they show signs of discontent towards culling programs, the government should be compelled to change their strategy. The paper reinforces and challenges assumptions that contribute to the flow of commonly accepted knowledge of shark-human relations by illustrating how shark bite survivors are unlikely marine conservation advocates who support non-lethal shark mitigation methods. Shark bite victims were contacted via two Australian-based organizations and a total of six qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted. Government shark mitigation practices are perceived as heavy handed and further perception- and conservation-based research is needed.
{"title":"Shark bite survivors advocate for non-lethal shark mitigation measures in Australia","authors":"Michael J. Rosciszewski-Dodgson, G. Cirella","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021036","url":null,"abstract":"As the annual number of shark-related human casualties in Australia increases, there is a need for policymakers to grasp how policy is created in the discourse of shark bite incidences. This is discussed in relation to individuals who have been most affected, i.e., shark bite survivors. The defined argument, being that, victims should feel the most animosity towards sharks, therefore if they show signs of discontent towards culling programs, the government should be compelled to change their strategy. The paper reinforces and challenges assumptions that contribute to the flow of commonly accepted knowledge of shark-human relations by illustrating how shark bite survivors are unlikely marine conservation advocates who support non-lethal shark mitigation methods. Shark bite victims were contacted via two Australian-based organizations and a total of six qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted. Government shark mitigation practices are perceived as heavy handed and further perception- and conservation-based research is needed.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70230960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021030
F. Giacobbo, M. D. Ros, E. Macerata, E. Mossini
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) and Technologically Enhanced NORMs (TENORMs) are among the principal sources of radiation exposure for humans and for the environment. Therefore, the assessment of the impact of NORMs and TENORMs waste on human health is a key issue for their management and for acceptance of disposal sites. The radiological doses to workers and public due to TENORMs disposal depend on the waste inventory, on the usage of the site during operational activities and post closure phase and on the presence of dwelling areas in the vicinity of the disposal site. In the present study it is presented a methodology to preliminary assess the feasibility of a disposal of TENORMs, mainly constituted by phosphate sludges, originated from phosphoric acid industry activities. The hypothetical case study here presented is inspired by a real case study. Different possible scenarios have been considered. The potential doses to workers and to the public on-site have been estimated by the use of the TSD Dose and the RESRAD on-site codes both during the production life cycle of the site and once it ended. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of some key parameters, such the coverage thickness and wind velocity, on potential risk for workers and public.
{"title":"A case study of management and disposal of TENORMs: radiological risk estimation by TSD Dose and RESRAD-ONSITE","authors":"F. Giacobbo, M. D. Ros, E. Macerata, E. Mossini","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021030","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) and Technologically Enhanced NORMs (TENORMs) are among the principal sources of radiation exposure for humans and for the environment. Therefore, the assessment of the impact of NORMs and TENORMs waste on human health is a key issue for their management and for acceptance of disposal sites. The radiological doses to workers and public due to TENORMs disposal depend on the waste inventory, on the usage of the site during operational activities and post closure phase and on the presence of dwelling areas in the vicinity of the disposal site. In the present study it is presented a methodology to preliminary assess the feasibility of a disposal of TENORMs, mainly constituted by phosphate sludges, originated from phosphoric acid industry activities. The hypothetical case study here presented is inspired by a real case study. Different possible scenarios have been considered. The potential doses to workers and to the public on-site have been estimated by the use of the TSD Dose and the RESRAD on-site codes both during the production life cycle of the site and once it ended. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of some key parameters, such the coverage thickness and wind velocity, on potential risk for workers and public.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70231079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021032
S. Warren, L. L. Clair
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are created where a diverse array of microorganisms colonize the surface and upper few millimeters of the soil and create a consolidated crust. They were originally described from arid ecosystems where vascular vegetation is naturally sparse or absent. They have since been discovered in all terrestrial ecosystems. Where present, they perform a variety of important ecological functions, including the capture and accumulation of water and essential plant nutrients, and their release in forms useful to vascular plants. They also stabilize the soil surface against wind and water erosion. BSC organisms include fungi (free-living, lichenized, and mycorrhizal), archaea, bacteria (cyanobacteria and chemotrophic and diazotrophic bacteria), terrestrial algae (including diatoms), and bryophytes (mosses and worts). BSC organisms reproduce primarily asexually via thallus or main body fragmentation or production of asexual spores that are readily dispersed by water and wind. Asexual and sexual propagules of BSC organisms are commonly lifted into the air with vast quantities of dust from the world's arid areas. BSC organisms and/or their propagules have been detected as high as the stratosphere. Some have also been detected in the mesosphere. Airborne dust, microorganisms, and their propagules contribute to the formation of essential raindrop and snowflake nuclei that, in turn, facilitate precipitation events. While airborne in the atmosphere, they also reflect the sun's rays passing laterally through the troposphere and stratosphere at dawn and dusk, often causing brilliant colors at sunrise and sunset.
{"title":"Atmospheric transport and mixing of biological soil crust microorganisms","authors":"S. Warren, L. L. Clair","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021032","url":null,"abstract":"Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are created where a diverse array of microorganisms colonize the surface and upper few millimeters of the soil and create a consolidated crust. They were originally described from arid ecosystems where vascular vegetation is naturally sparse or absent. They have since been discovered in all terrestrial ecosystems. Where present, they perform a variety of important ecological functions, including the capture and accumulation of water and essential plant nutrients, and their release in forms useful to vascular plants. They also stabilize the soil surface against wind and water erosion. BSC organisms include fungi (free-living, lichenized, and mycorrhizal), archaea, bacteria (cyanobacteria and chemotrophic and diazotrophic bacteria), terrestrial algae (including diatoms), and bryophytes (mosses and worts). BSC organisms reproduce primarily asexually via thallus or main body fragmentation or production of asexual spores that are readily dispersed by water and wind. Asexual and sexual propagules of BSC organisms are commonly lifted into the air with vast quantities of dust from the world's arid areas. BSC organisms and/or their propagules have been detected as high as the stratosphere. Some have also been detected in the mesosphere. Airborne dust, microorganisms, and their propagules contribute to the formation of essential raindrop and snowflake nuclei that, in turn, facilitate precipitation events. While airborne in the atmosphere, they also reflect the sun's rays passing laterally through the troposphere and stratosphere at dawn and dusk, often causing brilliant colors at sunrise and sunset.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70231121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioremediation of alkylbenzenes, including toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, was performed using fermentable aromatic sources and electron mediators by Bacillus cereus 301 in a limited oxygen state. The fermentation of small fermentable aromatic melanoids from cow manure as soluble humus hydrolysates or sugarcane molasses as saccharine, glucose and limited basal medium was compared. Thus, an evaluation model of exponential decline against a control was incorporated for interpretation of remedial data. The significance of the present strategy for constructing multivariant effects of electron donors could be objectively judged by pattern comparison with the short-term data analyzed. Thus, grafted aromatics as methyl- or ethylbenzene require much more microbial reaction time, even with mixed aromatic donors or stronger electron donors such as methanol in the original reduced medium, as indicated in the scatter chart. However, completion of the remedial time was needed by the kinetic simulation, and even low, smooth data were expressed. Among the exponential decay curves indicated, the carbon sources in the mix were favorably expressed. The smooth pattern indicated that fermentations with glucose and molasses showed lower remedial activity than melanoids or the indole series. The vigor increase was better for melanoid carbon in the initial fermentation of 24 h, while molasses increased later at 72 h and was more quenched by amending indole acetic acid (IAA) or indole expression. The molecular interaction of the electron mediator indole acetic acid in most trials indicated a quenched effect on toluene and ethylbenzene degradation, even when mixed with the original reducing medium, but expressed better with molasses in both kinetic simulations and growth effects. Thus, combining electron mediators such as IAA for Bacillus may offer a new degradation route for the metabolite alkylbenzene, which is worth further exploration for environmental aromatic waste remediation and combined restoration strategies.
{"title":"Anaerobic enrichment of Bacillus alkylbenzene remedial consortia from waste biomass melanoid sources","authors":"Hsiao-Dao Chang, XiuYou Wan, Hsiao-Chen Huang, Yi-Su Chen, Chao-Ying Chen","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021022","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation of alkylbenzenes, including toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, was performed using fermentable aromatic sources and electron mediators by Bacillus cereus 301 in a limited oxygen state. The fermentation of small fermentable aromatic melanoids from cow manure as soluble humus hydrolysates or sugarcane molasses as saccharine, glucose and limited basal medium was compared. Thus, an evaluation model of exponential decline against a control was incorporated for interpretation of remedial data. The significance of the present strategy for constructing multivariant effects of electron donors could be objectively judged by pattern comparison with the short-term data analyzed. Thus, grafted aromatics as methyl- or ethylbenzene require much more microbial reaction time, even with mixed aromatic donors or stronger electron donors such as methanol in the original reduced medium, as indicated in the scatter chart. However, completion of the remedial time was needed by the kinetic simulation, and even low, smooth data were expressed. Among the exponential decay curves indicated, the carbon sources in the mix were favorably expressed. The smooth pattern indicated that fermentations with glucose and molasses showed lower remedial activity than melanoids or the indole series. The vigor increase was better for melanoid carbon in the initial fermentation of 24 h, while molasses increased later at 72 h and was more quenched by amending indole acetic acid (IAA) or indole expression. The molecular interaction of the electron mediator indole acetic acid in most trials indicated a quenched effect on toluene and ethylbenzene degradation, even when mixed with the original reducing medium, but expressed better with molasses in both kinetic simulations and growth effects. Thus, combining electron mediators such as IAA for Bacillus may offer a new degradation route for the metabolite alkylbenzene, which is worth further exploration for environmental aromatic waste remediation and combined restoration strategies.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70230804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021018
Kamonrat Suphawan, Kuntalee Chaisee
The water quality index (WQI) is an aggregated indicator used to represent the overall quality of water for any intended use. It is typically calculated from several biological, chemical, and physical parameters. Assessment of factors that affect the WQI is then essential. Climate change is expected to impact a wide range of water quality issues; hence, climate variables are likely to be significant factors to evaluate the WQI. We propose three statistical models; multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neuron network (ANN), and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to assess the WQI using the climate variables. The data is the WQI of Ping River, which flows through the provinces in the north of Thailand. The climate variables are temperature, humidity, total rainfall, and evaporation. A comparison between these models is determined by model prediction accuracy scores. The results show that the total rainfall is the most significant variable to predict the WQI for the Ping River. Although these three methods can predict the WQI relatively good, overall, the GPR model performs better than the MLR and the ANN. Besides, the GPR is more flexible as it can relax some restrictions and assumptions. Therefore, the GPR is appropriate to assess the WQI under the climate variables for the Ping River.
{"title":"Gaussian process regression for predicting water quality index: A case study on Ping River basin, Thailand","authors":"Kamonrat Suphawan, Kuntalee Chaisee","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021018","url":null,"abstract":"The water quality index (WQI) is an aggregated indicator used to represent the overall quality of water for any intended use. It is typically calculated from several biological, chemical, and physical parameters. Assessment of factors that affect the WQI is then essential. Climate change is expected to impact a wide range of water quality issues; hence, climate variables are likely to be significant factors to evaluate the WQI. We propose three statistical models; multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neuron network (ANN), and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to assess the WQI using the climate variables. The data is the WQI of Ping River, which flows through the provinces in the north of Thailand. The climate variables are temperature, humidity, total rainfall, and evaporation. A comparison between these models is determined by model prediction accuracy scores. The results show that the total rainfall is the most significant variable to predict the WQI for the Ping River. Although these three methods can predict the WQI relatively good, overall, the GPR model performs better than the MLR and the ANN. Besides, the GPR is more flexible as it can relax some restrictions and assumptions. Therefore, the GPR is appropriate to assess the WQI under the climate variables for the Ping River.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70230737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2021038
Yenni, M. H. Ibrahim, R. Nulit, S. Sakimin
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) has a large number of nutrients, which are useful for human health. In Indonesia, water stress is one of the climate changes that affect the growth and quality of strawberry. Therefore, fast recovery can be crucial to adjusting crops to water stress. Additional fertilizers can alleviate the negative impact of water stress. The experiment was carried out to determine the best fertilizer sources for the growth, leaf gas exchange, and nutrient uptake of strawberry under water-stressed conditions in April 2019–August 2019. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications and four fertilizer sources (P1 = without fertilizer, P2 = 92:90:90 kg/ha Nitrogen:Phosphorus:Potassium (NPK) fertilizer, P3 = 20 kg/ha goat dung fertilizer, P4 = 46:45:45 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 10 kg/ha goat dung fertilizer) and water stress levels (W1 = daily irrigation 100% field capacity (FC); W2 = 2 days irrigation interval (Ⅱ) 75% FC; W3 = 6 Ⅱ 75% FC). It was observed that the interaction of different water stress and fertilizer sources had a significant effect on all parameters except in the total sugar of strawberry fruits. The results indicate that plant growth, leaf gas exchange and nutrient uptake decreased under water stress conditions whereas total proline, total sugar, and water use efficiency (WUE) enhanced. The maximum value of plant height, leaves number, shoot-root fresh weight, shoot-root dry weight, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and phosphorus content were obtained from the application of 46:45:45 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 10 kg/ha goat dung fertilizer at 2 days Ⅱ 75% FC. Application of NPK and goat dung fertilizers increased the growth and leaf gas exchange under water stress conditions. Plants that were not fertilized had the lowest growth compared to those with fertilizers.
{"title":"The interactive effects of fertilizer and water stress on plant growth, leaf gas exchange and nutrient uptake on strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch)","authors":"Yenni, M. H. Ibrahim, R. Nulit, S. Sakimin","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2021038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021038","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) has a large number of nutrients, which are useful for human health. In Indonesia, water stress is one of the climate changes that affect the growth and quality of strawberry. Therefore, fast recovery can be crucial to adjusting crops to water stress. Additional fertilizers can alleviate the negative impact of water stress. The experiment was carried out to determine the best fertilizer sources for the growth, leaf gas exchange, and nutrient uptake of strawberry under water-stressed conditions in April 2019–August 2019. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications and four fertilizer sources (P1 = without fertilizer, P2 = 92:90:90 kg/ha Nitrogen:Phosphorus:Potassium (NPK) fertilizer, P3 = 20 kg/ha goat dung fertilizer, P4 = 46:45:45 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 10 kg/ha goat dung fertilizer) and water stress levels (W1 = daily irrigation 100% field capacity (FC); W2 = 2 days irrigation interval (Ⅱ) 75% FC; W3 = 6 Ⅱ 75% FC). It was observed that the interaction of different water stress and fertilizer sources had a significant effect on all parameters except in the total sugar of strawberry fruits. The results indicate that plant growth, leaf gas exchange and nutrient uptake decreased under water stress conditions whereas total proline, total sugar, and water use efficiency (WUE) enhanced. The maximum value of plant height, leaves number, shoot-root fresh weight, shoot-root dry weight, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and phosphorus content were obtained from the application of 46:45:45 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 10 kg/ha goat dung fertilizer at 2 days Ⅱ 75% FC. Application of NPK and goat dung fertilizers increased the growth and leaf gas exchange under water stress conditions. Plants that were not fertilized had the lowest growth compared to those with fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":45143,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70231038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/ENVIRONSCI.2021002
C. Amábile-Cuevas, Po Box Mexico City Mexico Fundacion Lusara
Antibiotic resistance currently causes hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide; it is a major and growing public health threat globally. The origins of many resistance genes in pathogenic bacteria can be traced down to the environment; while a staggering number of resistant bacteria and resistance genes, selected for by human activities, are released into the environment. The nature, quantities and fates of this bidirectional flux of organisms and genes are mostly unknown. In order to understand the evolution of resistance within clinical settings, and the impact of the release of resistant bacteria into the environment, it is crucial to assess these questions and to assemble an integrated view of the problem. This review aims at providing an update on related issues previously discussed elsewhere, and to contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the environment as a source, receptacle and reservoir of antibiotic resistance.
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