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Freedom: Christian and Muslim Perspectives: A Record of the Eighteenth Building Bridges Seminar 自由:基督教和穆斯林的观点:第十八届桥梁建设研讨会记录
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2023.2176024
Sayed Hassan Akhlaq
thorough methodology and clear writing style make the handbook accessible to a broader audience without undermining its scholarly contribution. It will stimulate discussion that will be of interest to those studying and following Islamic sects, Islamic political thought and Islamic movements. The material demonstrates the dynamism and diversity of Islam while largely avoiding oversimplification or essentialism. In addition, the chapters make several contributions to the current literature on secularization, modernism, anti-colonialism and reactionism in current Islam through consideration of their historical background. Upal and Cuzack offer a timely work, and the volume is likely to become the standard primer on the subject. It will serve as a gateway to readers new to the fields of Islamic sects and movements, including militant groups such as ISIS, or to the history of the Sunni and Shi’a traditions, and will appeal to those interested in the variety of influential cultural and political currents in Islam around the world.
全面的方法和清晰的写作风格使这本手册在不损害其学术贡献的情况下为更广泛的读者所接受。它将激发那些研究和追随伊斯兰教派、伊斯兰政治思想和伊斯兰运动的人感兴趣的讨论。这些材料展示了伊斯兰教的活力和多样性,同时在很大程度上避免了过度简化或本质主义。此外,这些章节还通过对其历史背景的考虑,对当前伊斯兰教的世俗化、现代主义、反殖民主义和反动主义的文献做出了一些贡献。Upal和Cuzack提供了一本及时的著作,这本书很可能成为这一主题的标准入门书。这本书将成为初涉伊斯兰教派和运动领域(包括ISIS等激进组织)或逊尼派和什叶派传统历史的读者的入门读物,并将吸引那些对世界各地伊斯兰教各种有影响力的文化和政治潮流感兴趣的读者。
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引用次数: 0
In Search of the True Religion: Monk Jurjī and Muslim Jurists Debating Faith and Practice 寻找真正的宗教:居士和穆斯林法学家辩论信仰和实践
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2023.2190249
C. Tieszen
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引用次数: 0
Hétérodoxes et non musulmans dans la pensée d’Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī 非正统和非穆斯林思想abūḤāmid - azālīal -Ġ
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2023.2192857
Abdessamad Belhaj
light the ways in which this genre of literature functioned for Arabicand Syriac-speaking Christian communities, but they also serve to frame the text of Jurjī’s debate as the intellectual legacy of these earliermajlis texts. For Jurjī’s debate, besides purporting to be an account of an authentic conversation, incorporates nearly all of the main points of theological discussion germane to disputation literature. This makes the account of that debate a kind of encyclopaedia of topics debated between Christians and Muslims and demonstration of the ways in which a Christian monk handled them. It makes sense, in this light, that the text of Jurjī’s debate would be copied and circulated widely because it could serve to reassure Christian readers of the assuredness of their faith in contexts of competing religious claims. All of these details make Ibrahim’s and Hackenburg’s introduction a suitable overview of many of the main points of Christian–Muslim theological discussion, so it will be beneficial for students and scholars who are new to this area of study or genre of literature, and scholars well acquainted with the literature now have a fine edition of the work that is suitable for research.
照亮了这种文学类型在阿拉伯语和叙利亚语基督教社区中发挥作用的方式,但它们也有助于将jurjj ' s辩论的文本框架为这些早期议会文本的知识遗产。对于jurj ' s的辩论,除了声称是一个真实的对话的叙述,结合了几乎所有的神学讨论的主要观点,与争论文学密切相关。这使得这场辩论的记录成为基督徒和穆斯林之间争论话题的百科全书,并展示了基督教僧侣处理这些问题的方式。从这个角度来看,jurjj ' s辩论的文本被复制并广泛传播是有道理的,因为它可以使基督教读者在相互竞争的宗教主张的背景下确信他们的信仰。所有这些细节都使易卜拉欣和哈肯堡的介绍成为基督教-穆斯林神学讨论的许多要点的合适概述,因此对于刚接触这一研究领域或文学流派的学生和学者来说,这将是有益的,对文学非常熟悉的学者现在有一个适合研究的优秀版本。
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引用次数: 0
The Routledge Companion to the Qur’an 《劳特利奇古兰经指南》
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2023.2167357
Sayed Hassan Akhlaq
at a mortuary installation where it cannot be determined if the carving was made at the time of burial or later (51). There are times when Al-Jallad’s refusal to draw connections between the Safaitic inscriptions and other religious traditions and topoi seems perhaps overly cautious. He engages in a lengthy discussion of the most frequently named deity, the goddess Allat, placing her within multiple pre-Islamic cosmoi, including Chaldaea, Syria, Rome and Nabataea, but does not move beyond this into tracing connections to the Qur’an or the Islamic era, despite the clear linguistic connections to terms used in the Qur’an to describe relations between humans and the Divine, such as ʿbd (slave) or sḍq (righteous one or devotee) or themes such as deities enacting justice or vengeance (62–4). One unanswered question in this work pertains to gender. The overwhelming majority of inscriptions are made by, for and about men and their feelings and deeds; women appear only occasionally, either as objects of longing (a sister) or as initiators (a daughter accomplishing a rite for someone ‘on account of her property’, followed by an invocation to ‘favor her and aid her’ (8)). While it would likely be prudent not to draw broad conclusions from such brief mentions, the apparent connection between wealth and favour seems intended to justify this particular woman’s accomplishment of a rite that seemingly was otherwise the prerogative of men. It further raises the question of what kinds of religious practices were engaged in by women and why certain practices seem to have been favoured by and/or were exclusive to men, particularly in light of the apparent lack of priests and institutions. Along the same lines, it is disappointing that Al-Jallad comments upon the prominent featuring of female figures in pre-Islamic Arabian rock art, mostly as dancing and singing girls playing instruments, often in the context of battle, but offers no discussion of this important presence. The chapter on figurative representations was disappointingly brief at a mere two pages, suggesting that the artistic representations of rock art were less interesting to the author than the inscriptions, despite the gender disparity. Even at times when Al-Jallad raises questions about which themes are covered (droughts, migrations, warfare and pasturing) and which are not (births of children, marriage, abundant rain) in prayers (89), he does not interrogate the relationship between these themes and the potential gender dynamics of the society. Overall, this work offers solid new evidence of pre-Islamic religious practices in Northern Arabia, adding to the knowledge base, even as some questions remain unanswered.
在太平间的装置中,无法确定雕刻是在埋葬时还是之后完成的(51)。有时,Al-Jallad拒绝将萨法蒂铭文与其他宗教传统和地形联系起来,这似乎过于谨慎了。他花了很长时间讨论最常被命名的神,阿拉特女神,将她置于多个前伊斯兰世界中,包括迦勒底亚,叙利亚,罗马和纳巴提亚,但他没有超越这一点去追踪古兰经或伊斯兰时代的联系,尽管古兰经中用来描述人类和神之间关系的术语有明确的语言联系,例如:“奴隶”或“sḍq”或“正义的人或奉献者”,或“颁布正义或复仇的神”等主题(62-4)。这项工作中有一个悬而未决的问题与性别有关。绝大多数碑文都是由人、为人、关于人、关于人的感情和行为;女性只是偶尔出现,要么是作为渴望的对象(一个姐妹),要么是作为发起者(一个女儿为某人完成一个仪式,“因为她的财产”,然后祈求“保佑她,帮助她”(8))。虽然不从这些简短的提及中得出广泛的结论可能是谨慎的,但财富和恩惠之间的明显联系似乎是为了证明这位特殊女性完成了一个仪式是合理的,否则这个仪式似乎是男人的特权。它进一步提出了妇女从事何种宗教活动的问题,以及为什么某些活动似乎受到男子的青睐和/或只限于男子,特别是考虑到显然缺乏牧师和机构。同样令人失望的是,Al-Jallad评论了前伊斯兰阿拉伯岩石艺术中女性形象的突出特征,主要是跳舞和唱歌的女孩演奏乐器,通常是在战斗的背景下,但没有讨论这一重要的存在。令人失望的是,关于具象表现的那一章只有两页,这表明,尽管存在性别差异,但对作者来说,岩石艺术的艺术表现不如碑文有趣。即使有时Al-Jallad提出问题,在祈祷中哪些主题被涵盖(干旱、迁徙、战争和放牧),哪些没有(孩子的出生、婚姻、丰雨),他也没有质问这些主题与社会潜在的性别动态之间的关系。总的来说,这项工作为北阿拉伯的前伊斯兰宗教活动提供了坚实的新证据,增加了知识基础,尽管有些问题仍未得到解答。
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引用次数: 0
The Gospel According to Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817–1898): An Annotated Translation of Tabyīn al-kalām (Part 3) 赛义德·艾哈迈德·汗(1817-1898)的福音书:tabyn al-kalām注释翻译(第三部分)
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2022.2157562
M. Whittingham
book itself is quite accessible to a broader readership, which is aided by the decision to publish it as open access. Creating the Qur’an is also significant for seeking to untangle the details surrounding this enigmatic text’s history and development. In this, Shoemaker’s breadth and depth of engagement helpfully advance the discussion. Negatively, Shoemaker’s critical engagement with Günter Lüling is minimal, while he entirely passes over the work of the pseudonymous Christoph Luxenberg. The direct relevance of their arguments to Shoemaker’s subject makes this omission unfortunate. Finally, this work has important implications for Christian–Muslim dialogue. There is a widespread belief among Muslims that, unlike the Qur’an, the Bible’s textual history has rendered it corrupted, which has prompted a detailed response. Shoemaker’s thesis that the Qur’an is a ‘composite and composed text’ (256) shows that both ‘holy books have a history’. Fred Donner rightly announced Creating the Qur’an to be ‘a milestone in Qur’anic studies’. It deserves to be read widely.
这本书本身对更广泛的读者来说是相当容易获得的,这得益于它作为开放获取方式出版的决定。创造《古兰经》对于试图解开围绕这一神秘文本的历史和发展的细节也很重要。在这方面,舒梅克参与的广度和深度有助于推进讨论。消极地说,舒梅克对内特尔·林的批评很少,而他完全忽略了笔名克里斯托弗·卢森伯格(Christoph Luxenberg)的作品。他们的论点与舒梅克的主题直接相关,这使得这一遗漏令人遗憾。最后,这项工作对基督教-穆斯林对话具有重要意义。穆斯林中普遍认为,与《古兰经》不同,《圣经》的文本历史已使其受到破坏,这引发了详细的回应。休梅克认为《古兰经》是一部“合成和合成的文本”的论点(256)表明,这两部“圣书都有历史”。弗雷德·唐纳正确地宣布创造《古兰经》是“古兰经研究的一个里程碑”。这本书值得广泛阅读。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Secular Mirasism and Reforming Islam in Russia: From Euro-Islam to Confessional Scholarship 俄罗斯的后世俗奇迹主义与伊斯兰教改革:从欧洲伊斯兰教到忏悔派学术
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2023.2193498
D. Garaev
ABSTRACT This article offers a view of the process of the formation of post-Soviet Islam in Russia as a result of the post-secular interaction between academic and religious areas – the boundaries between which are shown to be significantly blurred. It argues that, in the study of post-Soviet Islam, insufficient attention has been paid to the complex interactions between Islam and the Russian academic field. The article aims to fill this gap by providing examples of how, on the one hand, secular scholars become Muslim actors – bringing their secular, most often Soviet intellectual baggage to the Muslim sphere – and, on the other, how members of the Muslim clergy seek to influence the Russian academic community by claiming a role in the production of academic knowledge about Islam and Muslims as equal actors. Despite the post-secular nature of this interaction, it is the secular academic side that dominates.
本文介绍了后苏联时期俄罗斯伊斯兰教的形成过程,这是学术和宗教领域之间的后世俗互动的结果,两者之间的界限明显模糊。文章认为,在对后苏联伊斯兰教的研究中,对伊斯兰教与俄罗斯学术领域的复杂互动关系关注不够。这篇文章旨在填补这一空白,通过举例说明,一方面,世俗学者如何成为穆斯林演员——将他们世俗的、通常是苏联的知识包袱带到穆斯林领域;另一方面,穆斯林神职人员如何试图影响俄罗斯学术界,声称自己在伊斯兰教和穆斯林的学术知识生产中扮演了平等的角色。尽管这种互动具有后世俗的性质,但占主导地位的是世俗的学术方面。
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引用次数: 0
Les lieux de culte de Beyrouth et sa proche banlieue 贝鲁特及其周边地区的礼拜场所
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2023.2167370
Anna Hager
Hussaini (Akhlaq), Sayed Hassan Hussaini. ‘Rationality in Islamic Peripatetic Enlightenment Philosophies’. Philosophy Emerging from Culture, ed. William Sweet, George F. McLean, Oliva Blanchette, and Wonbin Park, 71–85. Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2013. Hussaini (Akhlaq), Sayed Hassan. ‘Islamic Philosophy between Theism and Deism’. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 72, no. 1 (2016): 65–84.
Hussaini (Akhlaq), Sayed Hassan Hussaini。“伊斯兰游学启蒙哲学中的理性”。《文化中的哲学》,威廉·斯威特、乔治·f·麦克莱恩、奥利瓦·布兰切特和朴元彬主编,71-85页。华盛顿特区:价值与哲学研究委员会,2013。Hussaini (Akhlaq), Sayed Hassan。“有神论和自然神论之间的伊斯兰哲学”。《菲洛索非亚葡萄牙评论》72期。1(2016): 65-84。
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引用次数: 1
The Religion and Rituals of the Nomads of Pre-Islamic Arabia: A Reconstruction Based on the Safaitic Inscriptions 前伊斯兰阿拉伯游牧民族的宗教与仪式:基于萨法尔铭文的重构
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2023.2167346
Natana J. DeLong‐Bas
the commentary (e.g. 265); another is how SAK was ‘genuinely intrigued’ by the Bible (xxi). While the presentation in this volume is generally excellent (with the exception of a number of typos), a word is needed on certain quirks. Footnotes vary between, on the one hand, providing a source and sometimes background information, and on the other giving an ethical exhortation in which it is not entirely clear where SAK’s thought ends and the voice of one of the translators enters. Second, sometimes Hadith and Persian poetic quotations are sourced in footnotes, sometimes not, and the texts of these quotations, though conveniently given at the back of the volume, are listed without sources. This work is a very welcome contribution to the study of Muslim engagement with the Bible. It represents a serious and detailed study of a section of Gospel text by a prominent Muslim writer, and appears for the first time in a language other than Urdu. The translators have performed a much-needed service in making this text available to a wider readership, and anyone interested in South Asian Muslim responses to Christianity, or in Muslim engagement with the Bible will benefit. Readers will also be spurred on to read what is effectively a companion text, Ramsey’s God’s Word, Spoken or Otherwise.
注释(例如265);另一个是SAK是如何被《圣经》“真正吸引”的(xxi)。虽然这本书的介绍总体上很好(除了一些拼写错误),但有一些奇怪的地方需要一个词。脚注各不相同,一方面提供了来源,有时还提供了背景信息,另一方面给出了道德劝诫,其中不完全清楚SAK的思想在哪里结束,其中一个译者的声音进入。其次,有时圣训和波斯诗歌的引语是在脚注中引用的,有时不是,这些引语的文本,虽然方便地在卷的后面列出,但没有来源。这项工作对研究穆斯林与圣经的接触是一个非常受欢迎的贡献。它代表了一个著名的穆斯林作家对福音书文本的一段严肃而详细的研究,并且是第一次以乌尔都语以外的语言出现。翻译人员已经完成了一项急需的服务,使更多的读者可以获得这篇文章,任何对南亚穆斯林对基督教的反应感兴趣的人,或者对穆斯林与圣经的接触感兴趣的人都将受益。读者也将被鼓励去阅读一篇有效的配套文章,拉姆齐的《上帝的话语,口头或其他》。
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引用次数: 1
The Qurʾanic Word Rūḥ and Its Restricted Interpretations: An Analysis of Classical Tafsīr Tradition 古兰经词Rūḥ及其有限的解释:古典塔夫斯基传统分析
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2022.2132349
Peter Laffoon
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to uncover a fuller meaning of the qur’anic word rūḥ through a critical analysis of the classical tafsīr tradition, challenging the prevailing scholarly opinion that rūḥ must be interpreted through the lens of that tradition. I demonstrate that classical Muslim exegetes restricted their interpretations of the word, saying that the rūḥ is either Gabriel, a super angel/metaphysical creature, a created soul or an inspiration from God, or else remaining silent and not offering any interpretation. They gave these interpretations even in cases where they were contradictory or implausible because other interpretations might have raised theological concerns rooted in the fear of conflating the rūḥ or Jesus with God. The rūḥ had to be interpreted as muḥdath (created) not qadīm (eternally existing), lest any implied anthropomorphic overtones might impinge upon God’s transcendence, and to avoid the theological implications of Jesus being rūḥ Allāh. This restriction on interpretation has substantially impacted later exegetes, philologists and Islamic scholars, obscuring the meaning of the qur’anic rūḥ. This article recommends a more critical reading of tafsīr in order uncover a fuller meaning of the qur’anic rūḥ.
本文的目的是通过对古兰经经典文本的批判性分析,揭示古兰经rūḥ一词更全面的含义,挑战流行的学术观点,即rūḥ必须通过该传统的透镜来解释。我证明了经典的穆斯林注释者限制了他们对这个词的解释,说rūḥ要么是加布里埃尔,一个超级天使/形而上学的生物,一个被创造的灵魂或来自上帝的灵感,要么保持沉默,不提供任何解释。他们给出了这些解释,即使这些解释是矛盾的或不可信的,因为其他解释可能会引起神学上的担忧,根植于害怕将rūḥ或耶稣与上帝混为一谈。rūḥ必须被解释为muḥdath(创造)而不是qad m(永远存在),以免任何隐含的拟人化的暗示可能会影响上帝的超然性,并避免耶稣是rūḥ Allāh的神学含义。这种对解释的限制极大地影响了后来的注释家、语言学家和伊斯兰学者,模糊了古兰经rūḥ的含义。本文建议对tafs . r进行更批判性的阅读,以揭示古兰经rūḥ更全面的含义。
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引用次数: 0
The Essence of Reality: A Defense of Philosophical Sufism 现实的本质:为哲学苏菲主义辩护
IF 0.6 2区 哲学 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/09596410.2022.2143228
Mohammad Amin Mansouri
Q 5.51 and its prohibition against friendship with Christians and Jews. Considine places this revelation in context, showing that it was meant to reflect the early skirmishes Muhammad had with Qurayshites and their Christian allies at the Battle of Badr (71). Difficult passages such as this can best be understood in historical context as opposed to generically applying them to all contexts and communities in all times and places. There is a subtle irony here: Considine is keen to contextualize and problematize qur’anic passages when it suits him but is entirely uninterested in doing so with other sources when such analysis could weaken or obscure his argument. But all of this continues to fit his goal, which is to help non-Muslim readers, especially Christian ones, to move beyond a narrative in which Christians and Muslims are endlessly opposed to one another. This is an understandable goal, though Considine would have done well to include more details about scholarly debate in footnotes so that interested readers, or those aware of some disagreement on a particular reading of history, might have a good, peer-reviewed, and authoritative source to which they could look for more details. For example, Considine might have suggested to readers that what we know about the encounter between Muhammad and the Christian monk Baḥīrā (7–10) is entirely based on hagiographical sources, originating over a wide span of time, and coming from a variety of Christian and Muslim authors, most of whom use the story for very different purposes. Such a caveat could appear in a footnote without any danger of making his readers suspect the veracity of the encounter or doubt that Muhammad was in contact with and influenced in various ways by Christians. The book’s final two chapters contain more evidence coming from later periods of Muhammad’s life and leadership. Here, Considine attempts to underline what Christians and Muslims share and how tolerance was the predominant theme during the time when the Qur’an and the wider Muslim community was taking shape. In the end, interested readers will have to look to other literature for more scholarly treatments of Muhammad’s life and his contacts with Christian communities. Not much from this literature is flagged by Considine, either in the body of the text or in the notes, but readers may very well be convinced by Considine that the connections between Islam and Christianity are much closer and intertwined than they might otherwise have been led to believe. In this sense, Considine’s book is a helpful one and a suitable starting point for those who want to begin to learn more about Muhammad and his encounters with Christians.
q5.51和它禁止与基督徒和犹太人交朋友。康思丁将这一启示置于上下文中,表明这是为了反映穆罕默德在巴德尔战役中与古莱什派及其基督教盟友的早期小规模冲突(71)。像这样难懂的段落最好放在历史背景中理解,而不是把它们笼统地应用于所有时代和地方的所有背景和社区。这里有一个微妙的讽刺:当适合他的时候,康思丁热衷于将《古兰经》段落语境化和问题化,但当这种分析可能削弱或模糊他的论点时,他对其他来源的分析完全不感兴趣。但所有这些都符合他的目标,那就是帮助非穆斯林读者,尤其是基督徒读者,超越基督徒和穆斯林无休止对立的叙事。这是一个可以理解的目标,尽管康思丁本可以在脚注中加入更多关于学术辩论的细节,这样感兴趣的读者,或者那些意识到对特定历史解读存在分歧的人,可能会有一个好的、同行评审的、权威的来源,他们可以从中寻找更多的细节。例如,康西丁可能会向读者建议,我们所知道的穆罕默德和基督教僧侣Baḥīrā(7-10)之间的相遇完全是基于圣徒的来源,起源于很长一段时间,来自各种基督教和穆斯林作者,其中大多数人使用这个故事是为了非常不同的目的。这样的警告可以出现在脚注中,而不会让读者怀疑这次相遇的真实性,也不会让读者怀疑穆罕默德与基督徒有过接触,并在各种方面受到基督徒的影响。这本书的最后两章包含了更多的证据,这些证据来自穆罕默德生活和领导的后期。在这里,康西丁试图强调基督徒和穆斯林的共同之处,以及在《古兰经》和更广泛的穆斯林社区形成的时期,宽容是如何成为主导主题的。最后,感兴趣的读者将不得不从其他文献中寻找更多关于穆罕默德生平和他与基督教团体接触的学术论述。无论是在正文还是在注释中,这些文献都没有被康西丁标记,但读者很可能被康西丁说服,伊斯兰教和基督教之间的联系比他们原本认为的要紧密得多。从这个意义上说,对于那些想要开始更多地了解穆罕默德及其与基督徒的接触的人来说,康西丁的书是一本很有帮助的书,也是一个合适的起点。
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引用次数: 0
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Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations
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