Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1984303
Bright James Nyarkoh, Vicki Banham, Ann-Claire Larsen
ABSTRACT The 1992 Constitution of the republic of Ghana obligates the state to guarantee that all citizens have access to social and economic livelihood. As a consequence, the government implemented the ongoing Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme in 2008 to sustain development in these areas. Although Ghana has achieved progress in reducing extreme poverty and hunger, there is considerable evidence of poverty and widening inequality across the country. This study draws on the theoretical lens of the human rights-based approach (HRBA) to poverty reduction to examine how the implementation of the LEAP programme aligns with beneficiaries’ human rights entitlements. The findings suggest that the LEAP programme has led to some positive outcomes for beneficiaries, including enhanced self-esteem and happiness, household cohesion, social interaction and increased community involvement for beneficiaries. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that the implementation of the LEAP programme only partially aligns with the HRBA to poverty reduction, which potentially undermines efforts to eradicate poverty and sustain development in Ghana.
{"title":"Rights-Based Approach To Poverty Reduction: The Ghanaian Experience","authors":"Bright James Nyarkoh, Vicki Banham, Ann-Claire Larsen","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1984303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1984303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The 1992 Constitution of the republic of Ghana obligates the state to guarantee that all citizens have access to social and economic livelihood. As a consequence, the government implemented the ongoing Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme in 2008 to sustain development in these areas. Although Ghana has achieved progress in reducing extreme poverty and hunger, there is considerable evidence of poverty and widening inequality across the country. This study draws on the theoretical lens of the human rights-based approach (HRBA) to poverty reduction to examine how the implementation of the LEAP programme aligns with beneficiaries’ human rights entitlements. The findings suggest that the LEAP programme has led to some positive outcomes for beneficiaries, including enhanced self-esteem and happiness, household cohesion, social interaction and increased community involvement for beneficiaries. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that the implementation of the LEAP programme only partially aligns with the HRBA to poverty reduction, which potentially undermines efforts to eradicate poverty and sustain development in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"495 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41549206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1947362
R. Martin
Abstract Contract and trust are the two main governance mechanisms that influence actors’ integration into value chains. Nevertheless, most studies treat trust as a complement to formal contract, paying less attention on the circumstances in which trust becomes a sole mechanism of governance. The aim of this article is to examine how trust shapes integration in the non-industrial timber value chain in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Timber, which is the pillar of the districts’ revenue in the area, contributes significantly to the income of smallholder households. The study adopted an exploratory cross-sectional study design whereby data were collected mainly through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with actors of the timber value chain. The findings showed that spot market and relational governance were the two main linkages in the timber value chain. Spot market linkage is characterized by absence or little trust, while some trust is present in relational linkage. In relational linkage, trust helps integration of actors in the value chain through enabling them access market information, capital in the form of credit, technology for processing timber, and coordination and collaboration among the actors. However, trust is associated with some challenges and to some actors, it plays an exclusionary role. The study recommends for the promotion of trust along with other social control mechanisms such as social knowledge in order to address these challenges.
{"title":"Integrative and Exclusionary Roles of Trust in Timber Value Chain in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania","authors":"R. Martin","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1947362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947362","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Contract and trust are the two main governance mechanisms that influence actors’ integration into value chains. Nevertheless, most studies treat trust as a complement to formal contract, paying less attention on the circumstances in which trust becomes a sole mechanism of governance. The aim of this article is to examine how trust shapes integration in the non-industrial timber value chain in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Timber, which is the pillar of the districts’ revenue in the area, contributes significantly to the income of smallholder households. The study adopted an exploratory cross-sectional study design whereby data were collected mainly through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with actors of the timber value chain. The findings showed that spot market and relational governance were the two main linkages in the timber value chain. Spot market linkage is characterized by absence or little trust, while some trust is present in relational linkage. In relational linkage, trust helps integration of actors in the value chain through enabling them access market information, capital in the form of credit, technology for processing timber, and coordination and collaboration among the actors. However, trust is associated with some challenges and to some actors, it plays an exclusionary role. The study recommends for the promotion of trust along with other social control mechanisms such as social knowledge in order to address these challenges.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"49 1","pages":"27 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45128936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1947366
K. Havnevik
Abstract This article looks at some of the central strategies and activities of the WFP to combat hunger as well as identifying funding sources and beneficiaries. It also addresses some important areas and aspects where the WFP is not present – but where it ought to be present – in order to address the root causes of world hunger and its associated conflicts. In particular, this discussion is related to the conditions of agricultural smallholders and rural people. On this basis, an attempt is made to assess whether the WFP was worthy of the Nobel Prize for Peace that it received in 2020.
{"title":"The World Food Programme and the Nobel Peace Prize 2020","authors":"K. Havnevik","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1947366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947366","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article looks at some of the central strategies and activities of the WFP to combat hunger as well as identifying funding sources and beneficiaries. It also addresses some important areas and aspects where the WFP is not present – but where it ought to be present – in order to address the root causes of world hunger and its associated conflicts. In particular, this discussion is related to the conditions of agricultural smallholders and rural people. On this basis, an attempt is made to assess whether the WFP was worthy of the Nobel Prize for Peace that it received in 2020.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"371 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43531070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1947363
Peter Walters, A. H. M. Kamrul Ahsan, M. Adil Khan
Abstract We highlight how the intentions of a government to improve services and transparency across a city, by providing an enhanced right to the city for the urban poor can be futile when political gatekeeping is not relinquished at the grassroots level and the poor are not mobilised and educated about their rights. A qualitative case study of poor informal settlements was conducted in Rajshahi Bangladesh, to investigate a greater right to the city as the result of a ‘citizens charter’ initiated by local government. This research focusses on the poorest of the poor, who are often overlooked in community-based research due to their inability to attract the support of NGOs and donors means they are particularly vulnerable to this system of urban patron-clientism. We find that attempts by the city government to improve services to the poorest of its citizens is hampered by entrenched patron client practices perpetuated by local political representatives of the city government acting as gatekeepers, blocking access to services for the urban poor.
{"title":"Patron Client Relationships and a Right to the City: A Bangladeshi Case Study","authors":"Peter Walters, A. H. M. Kamrul Ahsan, M. Adil Khan","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1947363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947363","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We highlight how the intentions of a government to improve services and transparency across a city, by providing an enhanced right to the city for the urban poor can be futile when political gatekeeping is not relinquished at the grassroots level and the poor are not mobilised and educated about their rights. A qualitative case study of poor informal settlements was conducted in Rajshahi Bangladesh, to investigate a greater right to the city as the result of a ‘citizens charter’ initiated by local government. This research focusses on the poorest of the poor, who are often overlooked in community-based research due to their inability to attract the support of NGOs and donors means they are particularly vulnerable to this system of urban patron-clientism. We find that attempts by the city government to improve services to the poorest of its citizens is hampered by entrenched patron client practices perpetuated by local political representatives of the city government acting as gatekeepers, blocking access to services for the urban poor.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"441 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47391644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1947364
Obed Adonteng-Kissi, Benson R. Oke, N. Meribe, Desmond Tutu Ayentimi
Abstract This paper explores how adequate are oil and gas companies to compensate the damage done by their oil exploration. The study is based extensively on primary fieldwork in local host communities in the oil-producing areas of Eastern Obolo in Rivers State, Nigeria drawing on the experiences and perceptions of 31 community heads, Chief fishermen, youth leaders, the chairman of the Eastern Obolo Community Relations Committee (CRC), the paramount chief and sub-chiefs, and Community Relations Managers of Oil Companies. The average age of participants was 37 years. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants using in-depth interview techniques to gather the needed data. Our results show that distributive and procedural justice and people’s rights to self-determination and fair compensation have been compromised in policy initiatives. Harmonising layers of critical laws, including the enforcement of social and environmental protection, must remain a priority though challenges inherent in the legal framework regulating compensation go beyond the impacts of social and environmental governance.
{"title":"Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Exploration on Livelihoods in Nigeria’s Eastern Obolo: Exploring the People's Rights to Fair Compensation","authors":"Obed Adonteng-Kissi, Benson R. Oke, N. Meribe, Desmond Tutu Ayentimi","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1947364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947364","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores how adequate are oil and gas companies to compensate the damage done by their oil exploration. The study is based extensively on primary fieldwork in local host communities in the oil-producing areas of Eastern Obolo in Rivers State, Nigeria drawing on the experiences and perceptions of 31 community heads, Chief fishermen, youth leaders, the chairman of the Eastern Obolo Community Relations Committee (CRC), the paramount chief and sub-chiefs, and Community Relations Managers of Oil Companies. The average age of participants was 37 years. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants using in-depth interview techniques to gather the needed data. Our results show that distributive and procedural justice and people’s rights to self-determination and fair compensation have been compromised in policy initiatives. Harmonising layers of critical laws, including the enforcement of social and environmental protection, must remain a priority though challenges inherent in the legal framework regulating compensation go beyond the impacts of social and environmental governance.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"539 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45160605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1947365
Kathinka Fossum Evertsen
Abstract In this article, I ask how my challenges in the field can shed light on dynamics that contribute to excluding women as research participants in (climate) migration studies, and investigate the relationship between the absence of women as migrants in literature and challenges of accessing women in the field. Multiple studies have established that women – like men – migrate, and consequently have called for greater inclusion of women into international labour migration literature. Nevertheless, women still often disappear as research participants within this field. Through an investigation of literature I find that this is because women as migrants are Othered in academia. I build on this insight to investigate the dynamics that may also exclude women as research participants from other subfields of migration research, more specifically the field of ‘climate migration’. Next, I reflect on my unexpected challenges in accessing the information about women migrants in coastal Bangladesh. Men in the village, who were gatekeepers in my access to women, were not immediately willing to talk about women’s mobility. Rather, they tended to distance themselves from knowing these women, effectively turning migrant women into the ‘Other’. Bringing together insights about the Othering of migrant women in both academia and the field, I show how both contribute to upholding systems of epistemic ignorance. I argue that an awareness of such ignorance can be utilized as a tool in fieldwork by lending sensitivity to whom we include and exclude as knowers in our research.
{"title":"Looking for Women in the Field: Epistemic Ignorance and the Process of Othering","authors":"Kathinka Fossum Evertsen","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1947365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947365","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, I ask how my challenges in the field can shed light on dynamics that contribute to excluding women as research participants in (climate) migration studies, and investigate the relationship between the absence of women as migrants in literature and challenges of accessing women in the field. Multiple studies have established that women – like men – migrate, and consequently have called for greater inclusion of women into international labour migration literature. Nevertheless, women still often disappear as research participants within this field. Through an investigation of literature I find that this is because women as migrants are Othered in academia. I build on this insight to investigate the dynamics that may also exclude women as research participants from other subfields of migration research, more specifically the field of ‘climate migration’. Next, I reflect on my unexpected challenges in accessing the information about women migrants in coastal Bangladesh. Men in the village, who were gatekeepers in my access to women, were not immediately willing to talk about women’s mobility. Rather, they tended to distance themselves from knowing these women, effectively turning migrant women into the ‘Other’. Bringing together insights about the Othering of migrant women in both academia and the field, I show how both contribute to upholding systems of epistemic ignorance. I argue that an awareness of such ignorance can be utilized as a tool in fieldwork by lending sensitivity to whom we include and exclude as knowers in our research.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"387 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1947365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45165877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1927172
Sazzad Parwez, K. Meena
Abstract This study attempts to decipher the working condition of contract workers with subsequent inferences from wage-based discrimination in formal mining units to understand discriminatory practices and informalization of employment. The methodology uses both theoretical and empirical methods. The empirical analysis follows a descriptive approach with wage decomposition analysis to understand the ongoing phenomenon. The study is primarily based on field data, but we have also solicited secondary data from ASI, NSSO, etc. The field survey tries to find the extent of wage discrimination based on the responses from 300 respondents of state copper mining units located in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The findings suggest that the socioeconomic conditions do play a massive role in discriminatory behavior in the workplace. The analysis indicates economic discrimination or inequity is high among various social groups (caste) with reference to education, work experience, and skill levels. We found that there is extensive use of contractual labor in public sector units. And informalization of labor causes massive devaluation in working conditions, as wage-based discrimination is found to be stark for contractual workers further aggravating the situation.
{"title":"Worlds Apart in India: Analysis of Contractualization of Labor and Evidence from Labor Market Discrimination","authors":"Sazzad Parwez, K. Meena","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1927172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1927172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This study attempts to decipher the working condition of contract workers with subsequent inferences from wage-based discrimination in formal mining units to understand discriminatory practices and informalization of employment. The methodology uses both theoretical and empirical methods. The empirical analysis follows a descriptive approach with wage decomposition analysis to understand the ongoing phenomenon. The study is primarily based on field data, but we have also solicited secondary data from ASI, NSSO, etc. The field survey tries to find the extent of wage discrimination based on the responses from 300 respondents of state copper mining units located in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The findings suggest that the socioeconomic conditions do play a massive role in discriminatory behavior in the workplace. The analysis indicates economic discrimination or inequity is high among various social groups (caste) with reference to education, work experience, and skill levels. We found that there is extensive use of contractual labor in public sector units. And informalization of labor causes massive devaluation in working conditions, as wage-based discrimination is found to be stark for contractual workers further aggravating the situation.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"409 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1927172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42483687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1931433
H. Hamilton, Vicky Walters, G. Prinsen
Abstract This article explores power from the perspectives of children living in informal settlements in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It draws on empirical evidence gathered through visual, task-based methods with a small group of children and insights from post-structuralism, development sociology and the anthropology and political economy of Bangladesh to argue that children’s power in Dhaka’s informal settlements can be understood not as an instrument some agents use to alter the independent action of others, but as a network of boundaries that delimit the field of children’s social imagination and possibility. To do this, we introduce children’s participation in development studies, showing that the trend has been to exclude children’s perspectives. We give an overview of how power has been conceptualized, drawing on insights from post-structuralism and development sociology to present a theoretical framework for how the child participants in this research understood power. Drawing on contextual literature, we then introduce five boundaries of power which constrain and enable agency for children in Dhaka’s bastees. The visual, task-based methods we employed with a small group of child participants are introduced. We then discuss five boundaries of power from the perspectives of our research participants: social relationships; financial resources; the natural environment; education and children’s work. Drawing links from these findings to existing theories of power, the article concludes by arguing that the operation of power for children in Dhaka’s bastees can be understood as a network of boundaries that delimit fields of social imagination and possibility.
{"title":"Understanding Children’s Power in Bangladesh’s Informal Settlements","authors":"H. Hamilton, Vicky Walters, G. Prinsen","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1931433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1931433","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores power from the perspectives of children living in informal settlements in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It draws on empirical evidence gathered through visual, task-based methods with a small group of children and insights from post-structuralism, development sociology and the anthropology and political economy of Bangladesh to argue that children’s power in Dhaka’s informal settlements can be understood not as an instrument some agents use to alter the independent action of others, but as a network of boundaries that delimit the field of children’s social imagination and possibility. To do this, we introduce children’s participation in development studies, showing that the trend has been to exclude children’s perspectives. We give an overview of how power has been conceptualized, drawing on insights from post-structuralism and development sociology to present a theoretical framework for how the child participants in this research understood power. Drawing on contextual literature, we then introduce five boundaries of power which constrain and enable agency for children in Dhaka’s bastees. The visual, task-based methods we employed with a small group of child participants are introduced. We then discuss five boundaries of power from the perspectives of our research participants: social relationships; financial resources; the natural environment; education and children’s work. Drawing links from these findings to existing theories of power, the article concludes by arguing that the operation of power for children in Dhaka’s bastees can be understood as a network of boundaries that delimit fields of social imagination and possibility.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"461 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1931433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1918238
N. Chatterjee, Zaad Mahmood, Eleonor Marcussen
Abstract The fight against the Covid-19 pandemic has shifted from finding a cure to acquiring vaccines and organizing vaccination. The race for vaccination has exacerbated tendencies of hoarding, particularly among rich countries, academically expressed as vaccine nationalism. Vaccine nationalism is harmful to the global effort in the fight against the pandemic. India in contrast has been quite generous to its neighbours in sharing vaccines pursuing its own form of vaccine nationalism. The strategy pursued by India can be read as an effort to gloss over the failures in initial pandemic management, to improve diplomatic leverage and reinforce an idiom of nationalism. Such an effort however has potentially harmful effects undermining trust in the vaccine as well as in the government. The politicization of vaccine also has counterproductive outcomes for democratic practices within the country.
{"title":"Politics of Vaccine Nationalism in India: Global and Domestic Implications","authors":"N. Chatterjee, Zaad Mahmood, Eleonor Marcussen","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1918238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1918238","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The fight against the Covid-19 pandemic has shifted from finding a cure to acquiring vaccines and organizing vaccination. The race for vaccination has exacerbated tendencies of hoarding, particularly among rich countries, academically expressed as vaccine nationalism. Vaccine nationalism is harmful to the global effort in the fight against the pandemic. India in contrast has been quite generous to its neighbours in sharing vaccines pursuing its own form of vaccine nationalism. The strategy pursued by India can be read as an effort to gloss over the failures in initial pandemic management, to improve diplomatic leverage and reinforce an idiom of nationalism. Such an effort however has potentially harmful effects undermining trust in the vaccine as well as in the government. The politicization of vaccine also has counterproductive outcomes for democratic practices within the country.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"357 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1918238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42138735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.1080/08039410.2021.1907784
W. Nauta, Jae-kak Han, Taekyoon Kim
Abstract Korea is particularly recognized for being an inspiring global actor, as the first country to evolve from recipient to donor, with a predominant emphasis on its admirable economic trajectory. Yet, as an official development assistance (ODA) actor, the long and arduous struggles for democracy rarely feature in its development policies, programs and practices. These struggles, exemplified by the role of civil society to free Korea of its authoritarian rule and also more recent examples, such as the candlelight protests resisting the corruption of the Park Geun-hye administration, deserve more consideration in its ODA interventions. When president Moon Jae-in – with its roots in progressive society – was elected in 2017, a period of closer collaboration between the government and progressive civil society commenced again. In this article we explore how and whether this renewed constructive relationship could help address some of the structural problems in Korean ODA. Moreover, we investigate how this improved relationship can be more fundamentally institutionalized in the field of Korean ODA, thereby also inspiring actors in developing countries.
{"title":"Inspiring Democratic Progress in Development Assistance: South Korea's Aid Policy Reforms via Civic Engagement","authors":"W. Nauta, Jae-kak Han, Taekyoon Kim","doi":"10.1080/08039410.2021.1907784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2021.1907784","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Korea is particularly recognized for being an inspiring global actor, as the first country to evolve from recipient to donor, with a predominant emphasis on its admirable economic trajectory. Yet, as an official development assistance (ODA) actor, the long and arduous struggles for democracy rarely feature in its development policies, programs and practices. These struggles, exemplified by the role of civil society to free Korea of its authoritarian rule and also more recent examples, such as the candlelight protests resisting the corruption of the Park Geun-hye administration, deserve more consideration in its ODA interventions. When president Moon Jae-in – with its roots in progressive society – was elected in 2017, a period of closer collaboration between the government and progressive civil society commenced again. In this article we explore how and whether this renewed constructive relationship could help address some of the structural problems in Korean ODA. Moreover, we investigate how this improved relationship can be more fundamentally institutionalized in the field of Korean ODA, thereby also inspiring actors in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":45207,"journal":{"name":"FORUM FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"309 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08039410.2021.1907784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46621214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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