Recent work on the acoustic properties of complex words has found that morphological information may influence the phonetic properties of words, e.g. acoustic duration. Paradigm uniformity has been proposed as one mechanism that may cause such effects. In a recent experimental study Seyfarth et al. (2017) found that the stems of English inflected words (e.g. frees) have a longer duration than the same string of segments in a homophonous mono-morphemic word (e.g. freeze), due to the co-activation of the longer articulatory gesture of the bare stem (e.g. free). However, not all effects predicted by paradigm uniformity were found in that study, and the role of frequency-related phonetic reduction remained inconclusive. The present paper tries to replicate the effect using conversational speech data from a different variety of English (i.e. New Zealand English), using the QuakeBox Corpus (Walsh et al. 2013). In the presence of word-form frequency as a predictor, stems of plurals were not found to be significantly longer than the corresponding strings of comparable non-complex words. The analysis revealed, however, a frequency-induced gradient paradigm uniformity effect: plural stems become shorter with increasing frequency of the bare stem.
最近对复杂单词声学特性的研究发现，形态信息可能会影响单词的语音特性，如声音持续时间。范式一致性被认为是导致这种效应的一种机制。在最近的一项实验研究中，Seyfarth等人(2017)发现，英语屈变词的词干(如frees)比同音单素词(如freeze)中的同一串词干(如free)的持续时间更长，这是由于裸词干(如free)的较长发音手势的共同激活。然而，在该研究中并没有发现范式一致性预测的所有影响，并且频率相关的语音减少的作用仍然没有定论。本文试图使用来自不同种类英语(即新西兰英语)的会话语音数据，使用QuakeBox语料库(Walsh et al. 2013)来复制这种效果。在词形频率作为预测因子的情况下，复数词的词干并没有明显长于相应的非复杂词的词干。然而，分析表明，频率诱导的梯度范式均匀性效应:随着裸茎频率的增加，复数茎变短。
{"title":"Phonetic reduction and paradigm uniformity effects in spontaneous speech","authors":"U. M. Engemann, I. Plag","doi":"10.1075/ml.20023.eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.20023.eng","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent work on the acoustic properties of complex words has found that morphological information may influence the\u0000 phonetic properties of words, e.g. acoustic duration. Paradigm uniformity has been proposed as one mechanism that may cause such\u0000 effects. In a recent experimental study Seyfarth et al. (2017) found that the stems of\u0000 English inflected words (e.g. frees) have a longer duration than the same string of segments in a homophonous\u0000 mono-morphemic word (e.g. freeze), due to the co-activation of the longer articulatory gesture of the bare stem\u0000 (e.g. free). However, not all effects predicted by paradigm uniformity were found in that study, and the role of\u0000 frequency-related phonetic reduction remained inconclusive. The present paper tries to replicate the effect using conversational\u0000 speech data from a different variety of English (i.e. New Zealand English), using the QuakeBox Corpus (Walsh et al. 2013). In the presence of word-form frequency as a predictor, stems of plurals were not\u0000 found to be significantly longer than the corresponding strings of comparable non-complex words. The analysis revealed, however, a\u0000 frequency-induced gradient paradigm uniformity effect: plural stems become shorter with increasing frequency of the bare stem.","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45075650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the storage and processing of sound and broken plural forms in the Maltese lexicon by means of a cross-modal priming study. The results show no significant differences in reaction time between sound and broken plurals, but indicate a different priming effect for sound than for broken plurals. We argue that the different priming effect is a result of the phonological overlap between sound singulars and their corresponding plurals forms, while broken singulars and their plurals do not share the same phonological structure. Our results support a single-mechanism model of morphological processing in which both frequency of pattern and morphophonological similarity interact.
{"title":"Priming Maltese plurals","authors":"Jessica Nieder, Ruben van de Vijver, H. Mitterer","doi":"10.1075/ml.20008.nie","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.20008.nie","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We investigate the storage and processing of sound and broken plural forms in the Maltese lexicon by means of a cross-modal priming study. The results show no significant differences in reaction time between sound and broken plurals, but indicate a different priming effect for sound than for broken plurals. We argue that the different priming effect is a result of the phonological overlap between sound singulars and their corresponding plurals forms, while broken singulars and their plurals do not share the same phonological structure. Our results support a single-mechanism model of morphological processing in which both frequency of pattern and morphophonological similarity interact.","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reports the results of an auditory lexical decision task, testing the processing of phonetic detail of English noun/verb conversion pairs. The article builds on recent findings showing that the frequent occurrence in certain prosodic environments may lead to the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail as part of the lexical representation. To investigate this question with noun/verb conversion pairs, ambicategorical stimuli were used that exhibit systematic occurrence differences with regard to prosodic environment, as indicated by either a strong verb-bias, e.g., talk (N/V) or a strong noun-bias, e.g., voice (N/V). The auditory lexical decision task tests whether acoustic properties reflecting either the typical or the atypical prosodic environment impact the processing of recordings of the stimuli. In doing so assumptions about the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail are tested that distinguish competing model architectures. The results are most straightforwardly accounted for within an abstractionist architecture, in which the acoustic signal is mapped onto a representation that is based on the canonical pronunciation of the word.
{"title":"Testing the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail via auditory lexical decision","authors":"A. Lohmann, Benjamin V. Tucker","doi":"10.1075/ml.19025.loh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.19025.loh","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article reports the results of an auditory lexical decision task, testing the processing of phonetic detail of English noun/verb conversion pairs. The article builds on recent findings showing that the frequent occurrence in certain prosodic environments may lead to the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail as part of the lexical representation. To investigate this question with noun/verb conversion pairs, ambicategorical stimuli were used that exhibit systematic occurrence differences with regard to prosodic environment, as indicated by either a strong verb-bias, e.g., talk (N/V) or a strong noun-bias, e.g., voice (N/V). The auditory lexical decision task tests whether acoustic properties reflecting either the typical or the atypical prosodic environment impact the processing of recordings of the stimuli. In doing so assumptions about the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail are tested that distinguish competing model architectures. The results are most straightforwardly accounted for within an abstractionist architecture, in which the acoustic signal is mapped onto a representation that is based on the canonical pronunciation of the word.","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46890817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bulk of second language (L2) vocabulary learning happens incidentally through reading (Rott, 2007; Webb, 2008), but individual differences, such as prior knowledge, modulate the efficacy of such incidental learning. One individual difference that is strongly predicted to play a role in L2 vocabulary is declarative memory ability; however, links between these two abilities have not been explored (Hamrick, Lum, & Ullman, 2018). This study considered declarative memory in conjunction with varying degrees of prior knowledge, since declarative memory may serve a compensatory function (Ullman & Pullman, 2015). L2 Spanish learners completed measures of prior Spanish vocabulary knowledge, declarative memory ability, and incidental L2 vocabulary learning. The results suggest that better declarative memory predicts better immediate learning in general and better vocabulary retention two days later, but only for those with more prior knowledge, consistent with the Matthew Effect previously reported in the literature (Stanovich, 1986).
{"title":"Contributions of declarative memory and prior knowledge to incidental L2 vocabulary learning","authors":"Josiah Murphy, Ryan T. Miller, Phillip Hamrick","doi":"10.1075/ml.20012.mur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.20012.mur","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The bulk of second language (L2) vocabulary learning happens incidentally through reading (Rott, 2007; Webb, 2008), but individual differences, such as\u0000 prior knowledge, modulate the efficacy of such incidental learning. One individual difference that is strongly predicted to play a\u0000 role in L2 vocabulary is declarative memory ability; however, links between these two abilities have not been explored (Hamrick, Lum, & Ullman, 2018). This study considered declarative memory in conjunction with varying degrees of prior knowledge, since declarative memory may serve a compensatory function (Ullman & Pullman, 2015). L2 Spanish learners completed measures of prior Spanish\u0000 vocabulary knowledge, declarative memory ability, and incidental L2 vocabulary learning. The results suggest that better\u0000 declarative memory predicts better immediate learning in general and better vocabulary retention two days later, but only for\u0000 those with more prior knowledge, consistent with the Matthew Effect previously reported in the literature (Stanovich, 1986).","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N Prep N constructions such as Sp. bicicleta de montaña ‘mountain bike’ are very productive and frequent in Romance languages. They commonly have been classified as syntagmatic compounds that show no orthographic union and exhibit an internal structure that resembles free syntactic structures, such as Sp. libro para niños ‘book for children’. There is no consensus on how to best distinguish lexical from syntactic N Prep N constructions. The present paper presents an explorative eye-tracking study on N Prep N constructions, varying both lexical type (lexical vs. syntactic) and preposition across three languages, French, Spanish and Portuguese. The task of the eye-tracking study was a reading aloud paradigm of the constructions in sentence context. Constructions were fixated on less when more frequent, independent of lexical status. There was also modest evidence that a higher construction frequency afforded shorter total fixation durations, but only for lower deciles of the response distribution. The (construction-initial) head noun also received fewer fixations as construction frequency increased, and also when the head noun was more frequent. The second fixation durations on the head noun also revealed an effect of lexical status, with syntactic constructions receiving shorter fixations at the 5th and 7th deciles. The probability of a fixation on the preposition decreased with preposition frequency, but first fixations on the preposition increased with preposition frequency. The prepositions of Portuguese, the language with the richest inventory of prepositions, received more fixations than the prepositions of French and Spanish. The observed pattern of results is consistent with models of lexical processing in which reading is guided by knowledge of both higher-level constructions and knowledge of key constituents such as the head noun and the preposition.
像Sp. bicicleta de montaña“山地车”这样的结构在罗曼语中是非常高效和频繁的。它们通常被归类为没有正字法结合的组合化合物，并表现出类似于自由句法结构的内部结构，例如Sp. libro para niños ' book for children '。关于如何区分词法N - Prep - N结构和句法N - Prep - N结构尚无共识。本文对法语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语三种语言中不同词汇类型(词汇与句法)和介词的N Prep N结构进行了探索性眼动研究。眼动追踪研究的任务是句子语境中结构的大声朗读范式。结构被关注的频率越低，而频率越高，与词汇状态无关。也有适度的证据表明，较高的构建频率可以提供较短的总固定持续时间，但仅适用于响应分布的较低十分位数。(构式-初始)头名词的注视次数也随着构式频率的增加和头名词出现频率的增加而减少。头名词的第二次注视时间也显示了词汇状态的影响，句法结构在第5和第7十分位的注视时间较短。注视介词的概率随介词使用频率的增加而降低，但首次注视介词的概率随介词使用频率的增加而增加。葡萄牙语是介词最丰富的语言，它的介词比法语和西班牙语的介词得到了更多的关注。观察到的结果模式与词汇加工模型是一致的，在这种模型中，阅读是由高级结构知识和关键成分(如头名词和介词)的知识指导的。
{"title":"Romance N Prep N constructions in visual word recognition","authors":"Inga Hennecke, H. Baayen","doi":"10.1075/ml.20014.hen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.20014.hen","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 N Prep N constructions such as Sp. bicicleta de montaña ‘mountain bike’ are very productive and\u0000 frequent in Romance languages. They commonly have been classified as syntagmatic compounds that show no\u0000 orthographic union and exhibit an internal structure that resembles free syntactic structures, such as Sp. libro para\u0000 niños ‘book for children’. There is no consensus on how to best distinguish lexical from syntactic N Prep N\u0000 constructions. The present paper presents an explorative eye-tracking study on N Prep N constructions, varying both lexical type\u0000 (lexical vs. syntactic) and preposition across three languages, French, Spanish and Portuguese. The task of the eye-tracking study\u0000 was a reading aloud paradigm of the constructions in sentence context. Constructions were fixated on less when more frequent,\u0000 independent of lexical status. There was also modest evidence that a higher construction frequency afforded shorter total fixation\u0000 durations, but only for lower deciles of the response distribution. The (construction-initial) head noun also received fewer\u0000 fixations as construction frequency increased, and also when the head noun was more frequent. The second fixation durations on the\u0000 head noun also revealed an effect of lexical status, with syntactic constructions receiving shorter fixations at the 5th and 7th\u0000 deciles. The probability of a fixation on the preposition decreased with preposition frequency, but first fixations on the\u0000 preposition increased with preposition frequency. The prepositions of Portuguese, the language with the richest inventory of\u0000 prepositions, received more fixations than the prepositions of French and Spanish. The observed pattern of results is consistent\u0000 with models of lexical processing in which reading is guided by knowledge of both higher-level constructions and knowledge of key\u0000 constituents such as the head noun and the preposition.","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the multisensory nature of vocabulary knowledge by using learning designed to encourage the simulation of sensorimotor experiences. Forty participants were instructed to learn pseudowords together with arbitrary definitions, either by mentally experiencing (sensorimotor simulation) the definitions, or by mentally repeating them. A test phase consisting of three tasks was then administered: in a recognition task, participants had to recognize learned pseudowords among distractors. In a categorization task, they had to categorize pseudowords as representing either living or non-living items. Finally, in a sentence completion task, participants had to decide whether pseudowords were congruent with context sentences. As expected, the sensorimotor simulation condition induced better performances only in the categorization task and the sentence completion task. The results converge with data from the literature in demonstrating that knowledge emergence implies sensorimotor simulation and showing that vocabulary learning can benefit from encoding that encourages the simulation of sensorimotor experiences.
{"title":"The impact of embodied simulation in vocabulary learning","authors":"R. Versace, N. Bailloud, A. Magnan, J. Écalle","doi":"10.1075/ml.20011.ver","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.20011.ver","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the multisensory nature of vocabulary knowledge by using learning\u0000 designed to encourage the simulation of sensorimotor experiences.\u0000 Forty participants were instructed to learn pseudowords together with arbitrary definitions, either by mentally\u0000 experiencing (sensorimotor simulation) the definitions, or by mentally repeating them. A test phase consisting of three tasks was\u0000 then administered: in a recognition task, participants had to recognize learned pseudowords among distractors. In a categorization\u0000 task, they had to categorize pseudowords as representing either living or non-living items. Finally, in a sentence completion\u0000 task, participants had to decide whether pseudowords were congruent with context sentences. As expected, the sensorimotor\u0000 simulation condition induced better performances only in the categorization task and the sentence completion task. The results\u0000 converge with data from the literature in demonstrating that knowledge emergence implies sensorimotor simulation and showing that\u0000 vocabulary learning can benefit from encoding that encourages the simulation of sensorimotor experiences.","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49309174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.66001
Andrian Yonathan Damanik, Sharifah Hanidar
This research focuses on examining the flouting of the Gricean conversational maxims on the British TV series Broadchurch. It also investigates the use of rhetorical strategies in flouting the maxims by male and female characters in the series. The research data were the utterances that flout the maxims. The data were collected from Season I of the Series, containing 8 episodes. The data were analyzed by applying Grice’s theory of cooperative principle (1975). Moreover, the data were also analyzed in terms of the rhetorical strategies employed by the characters when they flout the maxims. The results show that 97 cases of maxim flouting were found. The characters most frequently flout the maxim of relation (44.33%) and least frequently the maxim of quality (13.40%). Furthermore, in flouting the maxims, male characters tend to use the irrelevant statements as their preferred rhetorical strategy (63.46%), whereas female characters tend to use obscure expressions as their preferred rhetorical strategy (33.33%).
{"title":"The Flouting of Conversational Maxims by Male and Female Characters in the British TV Series Broadchurch","authors":"Andrian Yonathan Damanik, Sharifah Hanidar","doi":"10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.66001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.66001","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on examining the flouting of the Gricean conversational maxims on the British TV series Broadchurch. It also investigates the use of rhetorical strategies in flouting the maxims by male and female characters in the series. The research data were the utterances that flout the maxims. The data were collected from Season I of the Series, containing 8 episodes. The data were analyzed by applying Grice’s theory of cooperative principle (1975). Moreover, the data were also analyzed in terms of the rhetorical strategies employed by the characters when they flout the maxims. The results show that 97 cases of maxim flouting were found. The characters most frequently flout the maxim of relation (44.33%) and least frequently the maxim of quality (13.40%). Furthermore, in flouting the maxims, male characters tend to use the irrelevant statements as their preferred rhetorical strategy (63.46%), whereas female characters tend to use obscure expressions as their preferred rhetorical strategy (33.33%).","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75794253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.72806
Natasa Adelayanti, Rio Rini Diah Moehkardi
This research attempts to identify the types of commands, sub-types of the commands, and the influence of situational context, power, and social distance in producing commands between characters in the TV series Game of Thrones. The data used are the commands given by the characters, namely Jon Snow, Sansa Stark, Daenerys Targaryen, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister. Holmes’ theory (2013) and some other sources on the categories of commands, Cutting’s theory (2002) on situational context, and Brown & Levinson ‘s theory (1987) on social variables are employed to analyze how the commands were produced. The results show that there are two types of commands: direct and indirect commands. There are 33 direct commands and 57 indirect commands. Some factors such as situational context, power, and social distance have influenced the dominant use of indirect commands.
{"title":"Giving Commands in the TV Series Game of Thrones","authors":"Natasa Adelayanti, Rio Rini Diah Moehkardi","doi":"10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.72806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.72806","url":null,"abstract":"This research attempts to identify the types of commands, sub-types of the commands, and the influence of situational context, power, and social distance in producing commands between characters in the TV series Game of Thrones. The data used are the commands given by the characters, namely Jon Snow, Sansa Stark, Daenerys Targaryen, Tyrion and Cersei Lannister. Holmes’ theory (2013) and some other sources on the categories of commands, Cutting’s theory (2002) on situational context, and Brown & Levinson ‘s theory (1987) on social variables are employed to analyze how the commands were produced. The results show that there are two types of commands: direct and indirect commands. There are 33 direct commands and 57 indirect commands. Some factors such as situational context, power, and social distance have influenced the dominant use of indirect commands.","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83885262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22146/LEXICON.V7I2.66573
Adelia Damayanti, Achmad Munjid
This paper discusses the character development of Siddhartha, the main character in Herman Hesse’s novel, Siddhartha (1973). This research aims to study how Siddhartha’s character develops during his journey to reach enlightenment. The analysis is conducted by using the theory of the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell. The result shows that Siddhartha’s journey follows twelve out of seventeen stages of the hero’s journey proposed by Campbell. All of the stages appear in the same order except the stage Belly of The Whale that comes late. It functions as a turning point rather than a preparation for a greater ordeal. The analysis also shows that Siddhartha undergoes two major changes; from an individualistic to a wise person and from someone who is always persistent and thirsty for knowledge to someone who is flexible.
{"title":"The Significance of the Hero’s Journey in Siddhartha’s Character Development as Seen in Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha","authors":"Adelia Damayanti, Achmad Munjid","doi":"10.22146/LEXICON.V7I2.66573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/LEXICON.V7I2.66573","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the character development of Siddhartha, the main character in Herman Hesse’s novel, Siddhartha (1973). This research aims to study how Siddhartha’s character develops during his journey to reach enlightenment. The analysis is conducted by using the theory of the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell. The result shows that Siddhartha’s journey follows twelve out of seventeen stages of the hero’s journey proposed by Campbell. All of the stages appear in the same order except the stage Belly of The Whale that comes late. It functions as a turning point rather than a preparation for a greater ordeal. The analysis also shows that Siddhartha undergoes two major changes; from an individualistic to a wise person and from someone who is always persistent and thirsty for knowledge to someone who is flexible.","PeriodicalId":45215,"journal":{"name":"Mental Lexicon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89620810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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