Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349808572869
Lissant M Bolton
Abstract There were and are many different forms of indigenous community leadership in the archipelago now known as Vanuatu. Missionaries and officials of the Anglo‐French Condominium Government introduced into this diversity the concept ‘chief, a title used to designate the men who represented their communities in the non‐traditional contexts of church and state. During the period in which Vanuatu sought and achieved Independence, this role for chiefs altered. They became not so much those who engaged with the new, as those who represented the old. The foundation of the National Council of Chiefs defined chiefs as authoritative representatives of indigenous knowledge and practice, and constituted them as advisers to the Parliament, giving traditionalist ni‐Vanuatu a stake in the creation of the new nation. This paper tracks this transformation through the career of Chief Willie Bongmatur Maldo, founding President of the National Council of Chiefs, and an influential figure in the formation of the indepen...
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Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349808572856
L. Lindstrom
Abstract George Bennett, a young surgeon from Plymouth and an ambitious natural scientist, collected three remarkable items during a voyage around the world from 1829 to 1831. These items were a pearly nautilus, which Bennett celebrated as the first of its species to be taken alive; a gibbon from Sumatra; and a six‐year‐old girl from Erromanga named Elau. Elau was the first ni‐Vanuatu to travel to Britain. By 1834, all three of Bennett's finds were dead and dissected for the advancement of British science. The three also contributed to an evolving literature for middle class children. Children's literature often illustrates, in concentrated form, the various political projects and cultural understandings of social groups. As a moral tale, Elau's story was one of savage education and reform — issues of concern then to pre‐Victorians worried about the internal barbarity of their own children and also that of the working class.
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Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349808572857
Margaret G. Rodman
Abstract The process of producing British prisons and prisoners in the colonial New Hebrides is the subject of this paper. Under the Anglo‐French Condominium, British and French police forces theoretically were divisions of a single armed constabulary; yet each operated separately in practice. Prison labour became essential to a spatial order that the British feared they could not otherwise achieve. The paper begins with the account of a colonial officer, armed with only a pencil, arresting a murderer in 1907. It then examines an archival debate about allowing some prisoners to live in grass houses, and ends with analysis of interviews with retired colonial officers, their wives and children about attitudes toward prisoners. The conclusion is that islanders, for their own reasons, were complicit with the British project of creating stereotypically ‘docile axe murderers'; the British, therefore, were right to be concerned about what the natives thought and, occasionally, to be afraid.
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Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349808572860
M. Tuimalealiifano
Abstract The political history of Samoa is principally a contest about matai (titled family head) titles. The significance of matai titles lies in the appurtenant land to which is tied the welfare of most Samoans. The contest for titles translates into the struggle for security of rights and access to land and resources. Four ancient and sacred titles called pāapā stood at the apex of Samoan society and an elite group of orators called tumua ma pule managed the complex political contest. Successful accession to all four titles was rare and contending parties usually spent a good deal of their lifetime in the struggle maintaining this largely ceremonial status. The most eligible contenders came from the Sā Tupuā family and were joined in the early 19th century by the Sā Malietoā family. The title disputes caused endless disruptions and the colonial administrations eventually abolished the titles. But they could not be swept away because the titles provided an ideological superstructure which glued the majo...
萨摩亚的政治史主要是关于matai(有爵位的家族首领)头衔的较量。马泰头衔的意义在于附属土地，这与大多数萨摩亚人的福利息息相关。对头衔的争夺转化为对权利保障以及获得土地和资源的争夺。四个古老而神圣的头衔pāapā站在萨摩亚社会的顶端，一个名为tumua ma pule的精英演说家团体管理着复杂的政治竞赛。成功地获得这四个头衔是罕见的，而竞争的政党通常花了他们一生的大部分时间来维持这种主要是仪式化的地位。最有资格的竞争者来自sha tupuha家族，并在19世纪初加入了sha malietoha家族。所有权纠纷造成了无休止的混乱，殖民地政府最终废除了所有权。但它们无法被扫除，因为这些头衔提供了一种意识形态的上层建筑，将大多数人粘在一起……
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Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349808572859
I. C. Campbell
Abstract During the 1920s Australia took three steps to raise the quality of its field staff engaged in ‘native administration’ in Papua and New Guinea: the appointment of government anthropologists, the institution of a cadet scheme, and the establishment of a chair of anthropology at the University of Sydney. The driving force behind all steps was J. H. P. Murray, who had first expressed an intention in 1915, and had been interested in the usefulness of anthropologists since meeting Dr C. G. Seligman in 1904. To persuade the Australian government and his colleagues in New Guinea, Murray enlisted support from academic circles and others interested in colonial affairs. Besides official suspicion of ‘experts’, Murray had to overcome the parsimony of the Australian government which otherwise responded warmly to his suggestions. The greatest difficulties were practical, but the delay in implementing all three steps was due more to an anxiety on Australia's part not to make mistakes and to undertake innovatio...
在20世纪20年代，澳大利亚采取了三个步骤来提高其在巴布亚新几内亚从事“土著管理”的实地工作人员的质量:任命政府人类学家，建立学员计划，并在悉尼大学设立人类学主席。所有这些步骤背后的驱动力是j·h·p·默里(J. H. P. Murray)，他于1915年首次表达了这一意图，自1904年与C. G.塞利格曼博士会面以来，他一直对人类学家的作用感兴趣。为了说服澳大利亚政府和他在新几内亚的同事，默里获得了学术界和其他对殖民事务感兴趣的人的支持。除了官方对“专家”的怀疑，穆雷还必须克服澳大利亚政府的吝啬，否则澳大利亚政府对他的建议反应热烈。最大的困难是实际的，但延迟实施这三个步骤更多的是由于澳大利亚方面担心不犯错，并进行创新……
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Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349808572862
D. Wetherell
{"title":"First contact mission narratives from eastern Papua New Guinea","authors":"D. Wetherell","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59057391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349808572861
Rodrigue Lévesque
{"title":"French ships at Guam, 1708–1717: Introduction to a little‐known period in Pacific history ∗","authors":"Rodrigue Lévesque","doi":"10.1080/00223349808572861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349808572861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"33 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349808572861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59057292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349708572853
J. Griffin
{"title":"The Papua New Guinea national elections 1997","authors":"J. Griffin","doi":"10.1080/00223349708572853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349708572853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"32 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349708572853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00223349708572851
Sinclair Dinnen
{"title":"The money and the gun mercenary times in Papua New Guinea","authors":"Sinclair Dinnen","doi":"10.1080/00223349708572851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00223349708572851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45229,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY","volume":"32 1","pages":"52-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00223349708572851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59056377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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