International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence最新文献

{"title":"Soviet and Russian Diplomatic Expulsions: How Many and Why?","authors":"Kevin P. Riehle","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2272216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2272216","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1946 and 1991, over 1,500 Soviet officials—mostly intelligence officers operating under diplomatic cover—were expelled from diplomatic and other government representations around the world....","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“So That No Citizen Is Punished Unreasonably”: The KGB Concept of Profilaktika as a Tool for Suppressing Soviet Society, 1954–1991","authors":"Yaacov Falkov","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2280430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2280430","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-1950s, the Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB) developed the concept of profilaktika, aimed to ideologically discipline the masses and prevent them from aligning with the “malic...","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138548042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half-Century of Spying on Citizens","authors":"Russell Campbell","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2266310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2266310","url":null,"abstract":"Published in International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence (Ahead of Print, 2023)","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the Science and Semantics of Intelligence Analysis","authors":"Joshua Yaphe","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2270715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2270715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Illegal Intelligence: A Case of a KGB Illegal in Post-WWII Japan","authors":"Grigorij Serscikov","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2271659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2271659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another Piece to Cuba’s Mole PuzzlePeter Lapp and Kelly Kennedy : Queen of Cuba: An FBI Agent’s Insider Account of the Spy Who Evaded Detection for 17 Years Post Hill Press, Brentwood, TN, 2023, 254 p., $28.99 (hardcover)","authors":"Nigel West","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2270893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2270893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not-So-Secret Secret Police: Yugoslavia’s Intelligence Apparatus","authors":"Florina Cristiana Matei","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2270370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2270370","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIntelligence agencies in former Yugoslavia served as the regime’s political police, which carried out domestic security roles in an internally divided country that was caught at the crossroads of a geopolitical cleavage between great powers. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe author thanks and gives credit to Ms. Natasha Hunsberger, Dr. Irena Chiru, and Mr. Claudiu Crivat for their support of the research associated with the writing of this article; and Dr. Jeff Rogg for reviewing an earlier draft. The author’s deepest gratitude goes to her colleague, Dr. Alexandar Matovski, for his guidance, assistance, and insights throughout the writing of this article.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Herrick notes, “In efforts to avoid repeating the policies of the pre–Second World War government which exacerbated the ethnic differences, the communist regime established a federation which provided considerable autonomy to the ethnic groups while supporting a movement toward a strong central government and dissolution of ethnic, religious, and cultural differences.” R. C. Herrick, 1980, “The Yugoslav People’s Army: Its Military and Political Mission” (M.A. thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, 1980), http://hdl.handle.net/10945/19109. In 1945, emboldened by their military victory during WWII, the Partisans established “the so-called second Yugoslavia.” The Soviet troops assisted Yugoslavia’s liberation endeavors but did not occupy Yugoslavia after the war. F. Ejdus, “Serbia’s Civil-Military Relations,” University of Belgrade, Department of Political Science, 30 July 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.19012 Tito was the leader of the ruling communist party as well as the commander in chief of the overall Yugoslav armed forces. Florina Cristiana Matei, “Civilian Influence in Defense: Slovenia,” in Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations, edited by T. C. Bruneau and Florina Cristiana Matei (New York: Routledge, 2012).3 Ibid.4 J. Baev, “US Intelligence Community Estimates on Yugoslavia (1948–1991),” National Security and the Future, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2000), pp. 95–106; J. J. Linz and A. Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).5 Linz and Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation.6 V. P. (Chip) Gagnon, Jr., “Yugoslavia in 1989 and After,” Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38, No. 1 (2010), pp. 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/009059909033899617 Another term used for the “enemies of the state” was “the internal enemy.” According to Nielsen, “this term encompassed categories that were expansively and often arbitrarily defined and could include, inter alia, former members of noncommunist political parties, religious believers, Cominformists, spies, economic “saboteurs,” and anyone else deemed to be “reactionary” or engaged in “anti-state” activities.” C. A. Nielsen, “Imprisoning ‘Enemies of the State’ in a Communist Dic","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessment of Counterintelligence in National Security: The Case of Kosovo","authors":"Bahri Gashi, Ngadhnjim Brovina","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2267751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2267751","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractKosovo has faced significant challenges in terms of national security since the postwar period. In this context, counterintelligence services play a crucial role in preventing internal and external threats. However, Kosovo still does not have an effective and strong counterintelligence service, relying entirely on information and services provided by international allies. The mechanism of counterintelligence is mentioned in the preamble of the law of the Kosovo Intelligence Agency, but without any specific role. The purpose of this article is to analyze the case of Kosovo in strengthening the need for counterintelligence services, as well as analyzing which counterintelligence model would be suitable for Kosovo. Specific recommendations are made for creating a strong and effective counterintelligence service in Kosovo, including the measures that local authorities and international allies need to take to achieve this goal. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Prime Minister’s Office, Kosovo Security Strategy 2022–2027 (2022), https://kryeministri.rks-gov.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2-Strategjia-e-Sigurise-e-Kosoves-ENG.pdf, p. 10.2 Ibid., p. 6.3 Ibid., p. 7.4 David C. Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors: Intrigue, Deception and the Secrets That Destroyed Two of the Cold War’s Most Important Agents (Globe Pequot Press, 2003).5 U.S. Naval War College, “Intelligence Studies: Counterintelligence,” 23 January 2023,https://usnwc.libguides.com/c.php?g=494120&p=33815656 Blake W. Mobley and Carl Anthony Wege, “Counterintelligence Vetting Techniques Compared across Multiple Domains,” International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, Vol. 34, No. 1 (2021), pp. 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.18366037 Abram N. Shulsky and Gary J. Schmitt, Silent Warfare: Understanding the World of Intelligence (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2002), p. 99.8 Thomas C. Bruneau and Steven C. Boraz, Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles of Democratic Control and Effectiveness (University of Texas Press, 2007), p. 242. https://doi.org/10.7560/7166059 John Ehrman, “Toward a Theory of Counterintelligence: What Are We Talking About When We Talk About Counterintelligence?” Studies in Intelligence, Vol. 53, No. 2 (2009), pp. 1–12.10 Henry Prunckun, “Extending the Theoretical Structure of Intelligence to Counterintelligence,” Salus Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2014), pp. 31–49.11 Institute for Democracy and Mediation, “Security Issues K14,” Quarterly Journal, Vol 1, No. 1 (2009), pp. 143–154.12 Paul J. Redmond, “The Challenges of Counterintelligence,” in The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence, edited by Loch K. Johnson (Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 537–554.13 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), “Allied Joint Doctrine for Intelligence, Counterintelligence and Security [AJP-2],” (2016), http://standards.globalspec.com/std/9994887/nato-ajp-214 Petrus Duvenage, “Counterintelligence,” in ","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arming Uncle Joe: Secret Intelligence in the Service of a First Sea LordDavid Kenyon <b>:</b> <i>Arctic Convoys, Bletchley Park, and the War for the Seas</i> Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 320 p., $24.00 (hardback)","authors":"David King","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2267904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2267904","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsDavid KingDavid King is a retired intelligence practitioner. He took an M.Phil. in International Relations at Cambridge, where he was privileged to be taught by Sir Harry Hinsley and supervised by Sir Hew Strachan. He is now the Non-Executive Chairman of the Oxford Intelligence Group. He can be contacted at david@king1.org.","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portuguese Intelligence under Salazar’s <i>Estado Novo</i>","authors":"Andrés de Castro, Enrique Fernández-Carrera","doi":"10.1080/08850607.2023.2264697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2264697","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe Portuguese intelligence apparatus under António de Oliveira Salazar’s Estado Novo (New State) remains understudied. Even if there has been a relevant development of literature in general political terms after 25 April 1974, both in Portuguese and foreign languages, this interest seems to have decreased, even in the Portuguese sphere. This article aims at filling this gap in the literature. It provides an understanding of the historical context that enabled Salazar to develop Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado’s political police role in the historical context of both multipolarity before 1945 and bipolarity after the end of World War II. Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Lusitanian Integralism is a traditionalist, confessional Catholic, antiparliamentary, and corporatist movement. Born at the University of Coimbra in 1914, it has prominent intellectual figures (Antonio Sardinha, Rolao Preto, and Jose Pimenta) who later divided between those who were in favor of collaborating with Estado Novo and those who opposed the regime from a different point of view, National Syndicalist, close to the postulates of the Spanish Falange.2 It was a social–economic experiment that tried to overcome liberalism, Marxism, and to harmonize the private aspect with the community under an authoritarian state.3 Colonial wars in Portuguese Africa lasted between 1961 and 1974 and they were a political and economic burden for Portugal. The presence of other powers made those conflicts proxy wars and made it difficult for Portugal to stand a chance to win the war.4 A. H. de Oliveira Marques, História de Portugal Volume III Das Revoluções Liberais aos nossos Dias (Lisboa: editora Editorial Presença, 1998).5 J. Freire, “As Juventudes sindicalistas, um movimiento singular,” Penelope, revista de historia e ciencias sociais, No. 4 (1990), pp. 111–128.6 Documental RTP “A PIDE antes da PIDE,” YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqwHiqQR65Q7 G. Gouyomard, La dictature militaire au Portugal (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1927).8 Oliveira Marques, História de Portugal Volume III, pp. 424–471.9 Salazar recognized himself in the Social Catholicism of Pope Leo XII, mainly the Encyclical “Rerum Novarum,” as well as corporativists such as Giuseppe Toniolo (founder of economic sociology and collaborator for the encyclical “Rerum Novarum,” later beatified) and Karl Feriherr Von Vogelsang.10 Organicism is a philosophical perspective that sees the universe and its parts as a harmonious and interrelated whole. By extension, political organicism sees society as a living organism with its own existence, its own rules, and that differs from the sum of its members.11 E. Castro-Leal, “The Political and Ideological Origins of the Estado Novo in Portugal,” Portuguese Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2 (2016), pp. 128–148; Juan J. Linz and Alfred C. Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Eu","PeriodicalId":45249,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}