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Asian Scientists on the Move: Changing Science in a Changing Asia 亚洲科学家在移动:在变化的亚洲改变科学
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2162365
Larry Au
The imaginary of an ascendant Asia as a scientific and technological powerhouse has loomed large in public and policy debates in the United States and Europe in recent years. Increasingly, universities and research institutes in Asia are seen as competitors and innovators that have the potential to disrupt established hierarchies in the global scientific field. In Anju Mary Paul’s Asian Scientists on the Move: Changing Science in a Changing Asia, we see the transnational social lives of the scientists behind these developments and come to understand the complex decisions that shape their scientific careers and migratory decisions. Paul shows the linkages between national systems and cultures of science and the global scientific field, and identifies the agency of individual actors in raising the national profiles of their “home” and “host” countries in global science. Paul brings her much-needed expertise in international migration and her skill as a rigorous empirical social scientist to the study of Asian scientists. At the core of Paul’s data are interviews with 119 life sciences academic scientists who received their PhDs or postdoctoral training at elite universities overseas (e.g. Harvard, Stanford, Columbia, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and were employed at elite universities in their home or host country (e.g. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Academia Sinica, Indian Institute of Science). While some scientists “returned” to their country of birth, others in Paul’s interview sample were “halfway-returnees” who turned to places like Singapore and Taiwan, which allowed them to be closer to family but enabled them to maintain the scientific networks cultivated while they were overseas. The book is divided into three sections. In Part I, Paul provides an overview of the recent history of science policy in the four cases she examines: Mainland China,
近年来,在美国和欧洲的公共和政策辩论中,关于亚洲将崛起为科技强国的幻想显得十分突出。亚洲的大学和研究机构越来越被视为竞争者和创新者,它们有可能打破全球科学领域的既定等级制度。在Anju Mary Paul的《亚洲科学家的迁移:在变化的亚洲中改变科学》一书中,我们看到了这些发展背后科学家的跨国社会生活,并开始理解塑造他们的科学事业和迁移决定的复杂决策。Paul展示了国家科学体系和文化与全球科学领域之间的联系,并确定了个体行动者在提高其“母国”和“东道国”在全球科学中的国家形象方面的作用。保罗将她在国际移民方面急需的专业知识和她作为严谨的实证社会科学家的技能带到亚洲科学家的研究中。Paul数据的核心是对119名生命科学学术科学家的采访,他们在海外精英大学(如哈佛大学、斯坦福大学、哥伦比亚大学、麻省理工学院)接受博士或博士后培训,并在本国或东道国的精英大学(如中国科学院、南洋理工大学、中央研究院、印度科学院)工作。虽然一些科学家“回到”了他们的出生国,但在Paul的采访样本中,其他人是“中途归国”,他们转向新加坡和台湾等地,这使他们与家人更接近,但使他们能够保持在海外建立的科学网络。这本书分为三个部分。在第一部分中,保罗通过她研究的四个案例概述了科学政策的近代史:中国大陆,
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引用次数: 3
Rural–Urban Migration and Agro-Technical Change in Post-Reform China 改革开放后中国的城乡人口迁移与农业技术变革
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2162364
Jelena Große-Bley
What does a bowl of noodles in a Shanghai eatery have to do with a paddy rice field in Anhui Province? In Rural–Urban Migration and Agro-Technical Change in PostReform China, published with Amsterdam University Press as part of its New Mobilities in Asia series, Lena Kaufmann traces migrant stories from urban centers back to the countryside of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). At the center of this thoughtful book are farming households, their rural–urban migrant members, and the socio-technical relations to their paddy rice fields. Her work sheds new light on social and technological change in China’s countryside by analyzing land-use strategies and migration together, while taking seriously both social and material dimensions to the decision-making of her interlocutors. Kaufmann offers a refreshing perspective in five chapters on rural–urban migration in China by focusing on how intimately it is shaped by socio-technical logics of farming in their places of origin. She invites readers to think about “community of practice worlds” to understand her interlocutors, who are rural–urban migrants and their families in rice farming villages in Hunan und Anhui Province. Navigating the complex and dynamic developments at China’s rural–urban migration nexus, they are faced with many questions. Yet, Kaufmann’s interlocutors rarely mentioned their rice paddy fields, which they have to maintain. “You don’t talk about your bathroom either. There is no need to talk about it” (16), they explained. But Kaufmann explores how it is exactly this often unspoken “paddy field-migration predicament” of having to tend to paddy rice fields at home, while working far away in urban centers such as Shanghai, that shapes migration and land-use strategies of rural households. With a keen eye for detail and lucid writing style that convincingly draws out broader connections underlying migration patterns and land-use practices in China, Kaufmann shows how the migration situation is reflected in the landscape of today’s rural China, which entails things that stay, such as paddy fields, and things
上海餐馆里的一碗面和安徽的稻田有什么关系?在阿姆斯特丹大学出版社出版的《改革后中国的城乡移民和农业技术变革》一书中,Lena Kaufmann追溯了中国从城市中心到农村的移民故事,这是《亚洲新流动》系列的一部分。这本发人深省的书的中心是农户,他们的城乡移民成员,以及他们与稻田的社会技术关系。她的作品通过分析土地使用策略和人口迁移,为中国农村的社会和技术变革提供了新的视角,同时认真考虑了对话者决策的社会和物质层面。考夫曼在书的五章中提供了一个令人耳目一新的视角,探讨了中国的城乡移民问题,重点关注了他们的原籍地的农业社会技术是如何密切地塑造了这一问题。她邀请读者思考“实践世界的共同体”,以理解她的对话者,他们是湖南和安徽农村的农民工和他们的家庭。在中国城乡人口流动关系复杂而动态的发展中,他们面临着许多问题。然而,考夫曼的对话者很少提到他们必须维护的稻田。“你也不谈论你的浴室。没有必要谈论它”,他们解释说。但考夫曼探究的是,正是这种常常不言而喻的“水田迁移困境”——不得不在家照顾稻田,同时在上海等遥远的城市中心工作——如何塑造了农村家庭的迁移和土地使用策略。考夫曼对细节的敏锐眼光和清晰的写作风格令人信服地揭示了中国移民模式和土地使用实践背后的更广泛联系,他展示了移民状况如何反映在今天的中国农村景观中,这包括了留下来的东西,比如稻田和东西
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引用次数: 0
GMO China: How Global Debates Transformed China’s Agricultural Biotechnology Policies 转基因中国:全球辩论如何改变了中国的农业生物技术政策
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2162363
E. Sternfeld
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引用次数: 6
Welcome to Our Newly Renovated Open Kitchen! 欢迎来到我们新装修的开放式厨房!
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2023.2167655
Wen-ling Tu
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引用次数: 0
Bioacoustics as Forms of Resistance: Growing Mycelium Instruments and Mushroom Communication in a High-Tech City-State 作为抵抗形式的生物声学:在高科技城邦中生长菌丝体仪器和蘑菇交流
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2023.2167837
Yuen Chee Wai, En Chao
Singapore-based experimental band The Observatory (天文台樂團) recently showcased their bio-sonification exhibition at Singapore Art Museum: REFUSE (14 January–17 April 2022). Set against imagery of manicured gardens in a celebration of organic growth and decomposition, REFUSE is a critical pun. First, REFUSE means to reject the current anthropocentric worldview in a time of ecological crises, and secondly it embraces inter-media arts that fuse recycled instruments with bio-sounds. Instruments were either the platform to grow mushrooms onto, or even themselves fully bio-fabricated by mushrooms – including a fully playable lap steel mycelium guitar that is simultaneously played by a mushroom. To amaze the audience further, these instruments were all wired to vibrate, their rhythms controlled by a growing mycelium whose organic growth is visually mapped and translated into signals that trigger the vibration. As the humidity and density of the mushroom jar changes, the sounds also vary, each sound unique even during the same day. As Obervatory band-member Yuen Chee Wai (袁志偉) told En-Chieh Chiao of our cover-image curating team when describing the mycelium's sounds, “They play like a decomposing composition.” The cover team chose this exhibition because it speaks to a research note and to an article in this issue that respectively address the issue of noise control and aging in Singapore. While the city–state endeavors to contain both noise and health in old age as parts of governance, here the artists renounce control over sound and let biological non-human actors set the course of subtle sensory experiences.
新加坡实验乐队The Observatory最近在新加坡艺术博物馆“垃圾”(2022年1月14日至4月17日)展出了他们的生物声学展览。与庆祝有机生长和分解的修剪整齐的花园的形象相对照,REFUSE是一个关键的双关语。首先,“拒绝”意味着在生态危机时期拒绝当前以人类为中心的世界观,其次,它拥抱将回收乐器与生物声音融合在一起的跨媒体艺术。乐器要么是种植蘑菇的平台,要么是完全由蘑菇制成的生物制品——包括一个完全可演奏的钢制菌丝吉他,它同时由蘑菇演奏。为了进一步让观众感到惊讶,这些乐器都被连接起来振动,它们的节奏由生长的菌丝体控制,菌丝体的有机生长被视觉化并转化为触发振动的信号。随着蘑菇罐的湿度和密度的变化,声音也会发生变化,即使在同一天,每种声音都是独一无二的。正如天文台乐队成员袁志伟(音译)在描述菌丝体的声音时对我们的封面图片策划团队的焦恩杰所说的那样,“它们的演奏就像一个正在分解的乐曲。”封面团队之所以选择这个展览,是因为它与本期的一篇研究笔记和一篇文章相呼应,分别讨论了新加坡的噪音控制和老龄化问题。当这个城邦努力控制噪音和老年人的健康作为治理的一部分时,艺术家们放弃了对声音的控制,让非人类的生物演员来设定微妙的感官体验的过程。
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引用次数: 0
Situational Analysis as an Interdisciplinary Research Method 情景分析作为跨学科的研究方法
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2136457
Jia-shin Chen
SA
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引用次数: 0
Seeds of Control: Japan’s Empire of Forestry in Colonial Korea 控制的种子:日本在殖民地朝鲜的林业帝国
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2148050
J. Owen
The award-winning book from Professor David Fedman, a historian at the University of California Irvine, is a thoroughly researched journey through the fascinat-ing history of a perhaps less familiar aspect of colonial Korea. The book begins with a foreword by Paul S. Sutter (University of Colorado Boulder) that informs readers of the many complexities of the historical developments related to forest management, policy, research, and economics during Korea ’ s colonial period. The Japanese occupiers were not merely concerned with enlarging business opportunities and pro fi t from the extensive forests on the Korean peninsula
加州大学欧文分校(University of California Irvine)的历史学家戴维·费德曼(David Fedman)教授的获奖作品,对朝鲜殖民时期一个可能不太为人所知的方面进行了深入的研究,讲述了一段迷人的历史。这本书以保罗·萨特(美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校)的前言开始,向读者介绍了韩国殖民时期森林经营、政策、研究、经济等历史发展的复杂性。日本占领者关心的不仅仅是扩大朝鲜半岛广阔森林的商业机会和利润
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引用次数: 0
The Life and Death of Machines and Imaginaries: Conversations on Trains on EASTS Covers 机器与想象的生与死:在东方火车上的对话
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2136831
Leandro Rodriguez Medina, Hyungsub Choi
These short essays are an experiment in quite how far EASTS ’ cover images can take us. Af fi liating STS with different disciplines, and working on opposite sides of the globe, we are delighted to have two EASTS editors — Hyungsub Choi, an excellent historian of technology working in Korea, and Leandro Rodriguez Medina, the former editor-in- chief of Mexico-based Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society — re fl ecting on their encounters with three EASTS covers that feature trains — an iconic presence of progress and modernity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Without knowing that Shigehisa Kuriyama ’ s beautifully written “ Covers and the Poetics of Communication ” featured two of the three mentioned in his essay, Leandro chooses covers that resonate with his experiences in a railway-employee family in Argentina and tries to make sense of the cultural messages they carry for non-Europeans. Sharing Leandro ’ s critical examination of these modern/Western machines, Hyungsub ’ s re fl ection is a culturally-oriented one: “ What do we mean by ‘ East Asian technology ’ ? ” As his essay goes, Hyungsub ’ s observation nicely echoes the promises of “ Making Modernity in East Asia: Technologies of Everyday Life, 19th – 21st Centuries ” project, a Hong Kong based, transnational collaboration that aims to trace technological processes and modernity in this region, advancing “ new methodological strategies into the study of technology and its knowledge, practice, and artifacts that de fi ne and rede fi ne East Asia as a region with fl uid boundaries ” (Hirsh, Leung and Nakayama 2019: 507). As readers will see, the two essays here do not stand alone; instead, via the poetics of EASTS covers on how technology has made STS both modern and traditional, global and vernacular, ideological and practi- cal, together they achieve a recondita armonia.
这些短文是对《东方周刊》封面图片能让我们走多远的一次实验。我们将STS与不同的学科联系在一起,并在地球的两端工作,我们很高兴地邀请到两位east STS编辑——在韩国工作的优秀技术历史学家Hyungsub Choi和墨西哥Tapuya前主编Leandro Rodriguez Medina。拉丁美洲的《科学、技术和社会》——反映了他们与三个以火车为主题的东方封面的相遇——这是19世纪和20世纪进步和现代性的标志性存在。莱安德罗并不知道栗山重越写得很漂亮的《封面与沟通的诗学》中提到了他文章中提到的三个中的两个,他选择的封面与他在阿根廷一个铁路员工家庭的经历产生共鸣,并试图理解它们为非欧洲人带来的文化信息。与Leandro对这些现代/西方机器的批判性审视一样,Hyungsub的反思是一种文化导向的反思:“我们所说的‘东亚技术’是什么意思?”在他的文章中,Hyungsub的观察很好地呼应了“在东亚制造现代性”的承诺:日常生活的技术,19 - 21世纪”项目,这是一个以香港为基础的跨国合作项目,旨在追踪该地区的技术进程和现代性,推进“技术及其知识、实践和人工制品研究的新方法策略,这些策略将东亚定义为一个具有流动边界的地区”(Hirsh, Leung和Nakayama 2019: 507)。正如读者将会看到的,这两篇文章并不是独立的;相反,通过东方的诗学,技术如何使STS既现代又传统,全球化又乡土化,意识形态又实用,它们共同实现了一种和谐。
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引用次数: 0
Defending Lives among Concrete Walls: An Interview with Flâneur Artist, Tom Rook 在混凝土墙中捍卫生命:对fl<s:1>艺术家汤姆·鲁克的采访
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2154063
T. Rook, Harry Yi-Jui Wu
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引用次数: 0
Humans and Devices in Medical Contexts: Case Studies from Japan 医疗环境中的人与设备:来自日本的案例研究
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/18752160.2022.2148049
Hiroto Shimizu
Humans
人类
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引用次数: 1
期刊
East Asian Science Technology and Society-An International Journal
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