Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2097087
Joseph R. Grasso, S. Chen, Renee A. Schneider
Abstract This study analyzed retrospective data from clients who utilized a workforce mental health benefit (WMHB) to understand how changes in anxiety and depression symptoms may predict changes in presenteeism (n = 704). Results indicated that presenteeism improved during WMHB care episodes and the effect varied based on the diagnostic symptom category and degree of symptom improvement. Analyses of mutually exclusive client groups showed that the reduction between the baseline and the follow-up presenteeism score (WLQ-8) ranged from 27% for clients with clinical symptom severity at baseline on measures of both anxiety and depressive symptoms (n = 225) to 15% for clients who showed subclinical symptoms at baseline on measures of both anxiety and depression (n = 300). For clients with clinical levels of anxiety (n = 129) or depressive symptoms (n = 50) at baseline, significant reduction of presenteeism occurred when both reliable improvement and recovery was achieved on a respective measure of clinical symptoms. Findings suggest WMHBs can mitigate presenteeism by alleviating mental health symptoms but clients with certain symptom profiles may require greater symptom improvement to yield significant reduction of presenteeism.
{"title":"Examining changes in presenteeism and clinical symptoms in a workforce mental health benefits program","authors":"Joseph R. Grasso, S. Chen, Renee A. Schneider","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2022.2097087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2022.2097087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzed retrospective data from clients who utilized a workforce mental health benefit (WMHB) to understand how changes in anxiety and depression symptoms may predict changes in presenteeism (n = 704). Results indicated that presenteeism improved during WMHB care episodes and the effect varied based on the diagnostic symptom category and degree of symptom improvement. Analyses of mutually exclusive client groups showed that the reduction between the baseline and the follow-up presenteeism score (WLQ-8) ranged from 27% for clients with clinical symptom severity at baseline on measures of both anxiety and depressive symptoms (n = 225) to 15% for clients who showed subclinical symptoms at baseline on measures of both anxiety and depression (n = 300). For clients with clinical levels of anxiety (n = 129) or depressive symptoms (n = 50) at baseline, significant reduction of presenteeism occurred when both reliable improvement and recovery was achieved on a respective measure of clinical symptoms. Findings suggest WMHBs can mitigate presenteeism by alleviating mental health symptoms but clients with certain symptom profiles may require greater symptom improvement to yield significant reduction of presenteeism.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"253 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2080687
S. Ferguson, Elia-Jade Edwards, Melanie Davis, Jason I. Racz, N. Buys, G. Bradley
Abstract Bus drivers are at risk of the adverse impacts of passenger hostility, yet qualitative research investigating this issue is scant. We interviewed 29 bus drivers, content analyzed their responses, and interpreted findings through the prism of Demerouti et al.’s Job Demands-Resources model. Results indicated: (1) passenger hostility appeared to negatively impact driver wellbeing; (2) organizational policies may perpetuate passenger hostility; (3) support was viewed as inadequate; and (4) COVID-19 was a barrier to monitoring hostility. Findings indicate that strain associated with the demanding and poorly resourced job of bus driving is exacerbated by frequent exposure to passenger hostility.
{"title":"Australian bus drivers’ perspectives of passenger hostility: A qualitative study","authors":"S. Ferguson, Elia-Jade Edwards, Melanie Davis, Jason I. Racz, N. Buys, G. Bradley","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2022.2080687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2022.2080687","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bus drivers are at risk of the adverse impacts of passenger hostility, yet qualitative research investigating this issue is scant. We interviewed 29 bus drivers, content analyzed their responses, and interpreted findings through the prism of Demerouti et al.’s Job Demands-Resources model. Results indicated: (1) passenger hostility appeared to negatively impact driver wellbeing; (2) organizational policies may perpetuate passenger hostility; (3) support was viewed as inadequate; and (4) COVID-19 was a barrier to monitoring hostility. Findings indicate that strain associated with the demanding and poorly resourced job of bus driving is exacerbated by frequent exposure to passenger hostility.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"169 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48535933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2081172
N. Jitnarin, S. Jahnke, Walker S. C. Poston, C. Haddock, Christopher M. Kaipust
Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health comorbidities among career firefighters in the U.S. and examined occupational factors related to PTSD. A total of 624 male career firefighters completed questions regarding PTSD and mental health conditions. Nearly 7% met the criteria for being in the range of concern for PTSD, and among those, 87% screened positive for at least one other mental health condition. Those with PTSD also reported significantly higher occupational stress and duty-related incident stress, having a lower perception of self-efficacy to manage stress/trauma exposure and lower perceptions of support from their department and peers than those without PTSD.
{"title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health comorbidity in firefighters","authors":"N. Jitnarin, S. Jahnke, Walker S. C. Poston, C. Haddock, Christopher M. Kaipust","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2022.2081172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2022.2081172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health comorbidities among career firefighters in the U.S. and examined occupational factors related to PTSD. A total of 624 male career firefighters completed questions regarding PTSD and mental health conditions. Nearly 7% met the criteria for being in the range of concern for PTSD, and among those, 87% screened positive for at least one other mental health condition. Those with PTSD also reported significantly higher occupational stress and duty-related incident stress, having a lower perception of self-efficacy to manage stress/trauma exposure and lower perceptions of support from their department and peers than those without PTSD.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"147 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2078724
K. Tarı Selçuk, D. Avcı, M. Ataç
Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between health professionals’ perception of social stigma, and compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue and intention to leave the profession during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a descriptive online study. It was conducted with 420 health professionals working in a university hospital serving as a pandemic hospital in a province of Turkey. The study data were collected through an online questionnaire including the Personal Information Form, Social Stigma Perception Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Scale of Intentions to Leave the Profession. Social stigma perception was the negative predictor of compassion fatigue, and the positive predictor of burnout, compassion fatigue and intention to leave the profession.
{"title":"Health professionals’ perception of social stigma and its relationship to compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue, and intention to leave the profession during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"K. Tarı Selçuk, D. Avcı, M. Ataç","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2022.2078724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2022.2078724","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between health professionals’ perception of social stigma, and compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue and intention to leave the profession during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a descriptive online study. It was conducted with 420 health professionals working in a university hospital serving as a pandemic hospital in a province of Turkey. The study data were collected through an online questionnaire including the Personal Information Form, Social Stigma Perception Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Scale of Intentions to Leave the Profession. Social stigma perception was the negative predictor of compassion fatigue, and the positive predictor of burnout, compassion fatigue and intention to leave the profession.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"189 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-26DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2021.1990776
Alexandra C. Lowery, T. Cassidy
Abstract First responders are frequently exposed to dangerous, high-stress, and traumatic situations, leaving them susceptible to both physical and mental health consequences. The current study explored factors that relate to both health and well-being in 391 first responders (255 males and 136 females), aged 18–64 years. The study’s aim was to explore the role of psychological capital (PsyCap), self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, and physical activity in the health and well-being of first responders. Data was collected using an online survey which was distributed to first responders, including firefighters, police officers, and emergency medical personnel, in the state of Massachusetts, USA. Descriptive and correlational statistics were performed, followed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis and path analysis, revealing that PsyCap, self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, as well as physical activity are key mediating factors impacting the health and well-being of first responders. Findings pose as a foundation and stepping-stone to improve first responders’ health and well-being. In particular, a multifaceted approach to intervention drawing on the combined variables identified in the path model is indicated.
{"title":"Health and well-being of first responders: The role of psychological capital, self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, and physical activity","authors":"Alexandra C. Lowery, T. Cassidy","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2021.1990776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2021.1990776","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract First responders are frequently exposed to dangerous, high-stress, and traumatic situations, leaving them susceptible to both physical and mental health consequences. The current study explored factors that relate to both health and well-being in 391 first responders (255 males and 136 females), aged 18–64 years. The study’s aim was to explore the role of psychological capital (PsyCap), self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, and physical activity in the health and well-being of first responders. Data was collected using an online survey which was distributed to first responders, including firefighters, police officers, and emergency medical personnel, in the state of Massachusetts, USA. Descriptive and correlational statistics were performed, followed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis and path analysis, revealing that PsyCap, self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, as well as physical activity are key mediating factors impacting the health and well-being of first responders. Findings pose as a foundation and stepping-stone to improve first responders’ health and well-being. In particular, a multifaceted approach to intervention drawing on the combined variables identified in the path model is indicated.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"87 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2043160
F. Lheureux, X. Borteyrou, Magali Genet, J. Medzo-M’engone
Abstract We examined whether core self-evaluations (CSE) are negatively associated with perceived job demands and emotional exhaustion (EE) (differential exposure hypothesis), as well as decrease the relationship between job demands and EE (differential reactivity hypothesis, DRH). This study is the first to examine the DRH with EE as strain outcome. Employees of diverse backgrounds (N = 296) completed a survey measuring each variable. Results from conditional process analyses corroborate both hypotheses. The more employees had high CSE (1) the less they perceived high job demands, (2) the less they had exhaustion symptoms, and (3) the less job demands were associated with exhaustion. Accordingly, CSE is a personal protective resource that must be taken into account in burnout-related interventions (e.g., using coaching practices tailored to favor high CSE).
{"title":"The self as a stress-regulating factor: Core self-evaluations moderate the job demands-emotional exhaustion relationship","authors":"F. Lheureux, X. Borteyrou, Magali Genet, J. Medzo-M’engone","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2022.2043160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2022.2043160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examined whether core self-evaluations (CSE) are negatively associated with perceived job demands and emotional exhaustion (EE) (differential exposure hypothesis), as well as decrease the relationship between job demands and EE (differential reactivity hypothesis, DRH). This study is the first to examine the DRH with EE as strain outcome. Employees of diverse backgrounds (N = 296) completed a survey measuring each variable. Results from conditional process analyses corroborate both hypotheses. The more employees had high CSE (1) the less they perceived high job demands, (2) the less they had exhaustion symptoms, and (3) the less job demands were associated with exhaustion. Accordingly, CSE is a personal protective resource that must be taken into account in burnout-related interventions (e.g., using coaching practices tailored to favor high CSE).","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"122 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60019804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2032724
Priyanka Thomas, Diane Chau, K. Jetelina
Abstract Mental health illness within the workplace is a growing concern nationwide. However, few studies assess behavioral factors associated with help-seeking behavior, such as employee-to-employer disclosure and perceptions of support. Moreover, currently, no studies investigate help-seeking behavior among United States technology industry employees. We employed a population health analysis in understanding technology employee perceptions of workplace support related to help-seeking behavior for mental health from 2017 to 2019. Our findings indicate that disclosing to an employer was significantly associated with help-seeking behavior (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.6, 6.1), implying that emphasis is placed on employee-centered behavior for help-seeking and mental health.
{"title":"Mental health and help-seeking behavior within the United States technology industry: Investigating workplace support","authors":"Priyanka Thomas, Diane Chau, K. Jetelina","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2022.2032724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2022.2032724","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mental health illness within the workplace is a growing concern nationwide. However, few studies assess behavioral factors associated with help-seeking behavior, such as employee-to-employer disclosure and perceptions of support. Moreover, currently, no studies investigate help-seeking behavior among United States technology industry employees. We employed a population health analysis in understanding technology employee perceptions of workplace support related to help-seeking behavior for mental health from 2017 to 2019. Our findings indicate that disclosing to an employer was significantly associated with help-seeking behavior (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.6, 6.1), implying that emphasis is placed on employee-centered behavior for help-seeking and mental health.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"106 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48750253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2022.2027245
Jodi Jacobson Frey, K. Jinnett
{"title":"Letter from the Editors: Issue 1, 2022","authors":"Jodi Jacobson Frey, K. Jinnett","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2022.2027245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2022.2027245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47972322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2021.2011303
Benson Munyenyembe, Yingxi Chen
Abstract For this qualitative study, we adopted a two-wave data-collection approach involving 68 frontline healthcare workers at two geographically distinct central hospitals in a low-income country Malawi. We used in-depth telephone interviews and survey emails to explore the sources of COVID-19 anxiety and corresponding coping actions among frontline health care workers. The findings reveal four main sources of work-related anxiety among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis: (1) on-the-job risks, (2) infrastructure and technological deficits, (3) human-capital deficits, and (4) public stigma. Furthermore, the findings reveal that these workers have been coping with sources of COVID-19 anxiety by using strategic coping actions related to the five themes of (1) health, (2) self-assertion, (3) perception, (4) identity, and (5) social support. Healthcare management can thus manage frontline healthcare workers’ COVID-19-related anxiety by mitigating the sources of such anxiety as well as incorporating insights from employees’ strategic coping actions into organizational stress management programs.
{"title":"COVID-19 anxiety-coping strategies of frontline health workers in a low-income country Malawi: A qualitative inquiry","authors":"Benson Munyenyembe, Yingxi Chen","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2021.2011303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2021.2011303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For this qualitative study, we adopted a two-wave data-collection approach involving 68 frontline healthcare workers at two geographically distinct central hospitals in a low-income country Malawi. We used in-depth telephone interviews and survey emails to explore the sources of COVID-19 anxiety and corresponding coping actions among frontline health care workers. The findings reveal four main sources of work-related anxiety among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis: (1) on-the-job risks, (2) infrastructure and technological deficits, (3) human-capital deficits, and (4) public stigma. Furthermore, the findings reveal that these workers have been coping with sources of COVID-19 anxiety by using strategic coping actions related to the five themes of (1) health, (2) self-assertion, (3) perception, (4) identity, and (5) social support. Healthcare management can thus manage frontline healthcare workers’ COVID-19-related anxiety by mitigating the sources of such anxiety as well as incorporating insights from employees’ strategic coping actions into organizational stress management programs.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"47 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44354418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2021.2015359
Halwa Zakia, S. Iskandar, Aris Primadi
Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has affected numerous conditions in nurses’ jobs, which led to stress. Stress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses is different from other units due to neonates’ fragility. This study aims to identify the perceived effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in NICU nurses’ stress levels and its related factors. This cross-sectional study took place in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, in October – December 2020, involving 23 NICU nurses. Subjects filled in the online questionnaires for three different time frames: before the pandemic, at the onset of the pandemic, and in the new normal era. Data were analyzed using Friedman test, post hoc Wilcoxon test, and Bonferroni correction. There was significant difference in nurses’ stress before the pandemic, at the onset of the pandemic, and in the new normal era. The stress increased at the onset of the pandemic and then decreased in the new normal era. The COVID-19 pandemic increased stress level and affected workloads, work-safety, interpersonal relationships, family problems, and economic problems. With these findings, we recommend the hospital management do a regular stress screening on NICU nurses and refer to the psychiatric department if nurses experience stress.
{"title":"Perceived effects of COVID-19 pandemic on stress levels and its related factors of NICU nurses","authors":"Halwa Zakia, S. Iskandar, Aris Primadi","doi":"10.1080/15555240.2021.2015359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2021.2015359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has affected numerous conditions in nurses’ jobs, which led to stress. Stress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses is different from other units due to neonates’ fragility. This study aims to identify the perceived effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in NICU nurses’ stress levels and its related factors. This cross-sectional study took place in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, in October – December 2020, involving 23 NICU nurses. Subjects filled in the online questionnaires for three different time frames: before the pandemic, at the onset of the pandemic, and in the new normal era. Data were analyzed using Friedman test, post hoc Wilcoxon test, and Bonferroni correction. There was significant difference in nurses’ stress before the pandemic, at the onset of the pandemic, and in the new normal era. The stress increased at the onset of the pandemic and then decreased in the new normal era. The COVID-19 pandemic increased stress level and affected workloads, work-safety, interpersonal relationships, family problems, and economic problems. With these findings, we recommend the hospital management do a regular stress screening on NICU nurses and refer to the psychiatric department if nurses experience stress.","PeriodicalId":45287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"68 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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