The analysis and design of the grid-forming (GFM) power loop and decoupling control can be challenging due to the coupled high-order system, where active and reactive power controls are typically designed separately using a dual-input-dual-output model. In this letter, we introduce a complex-power-phase-angle (CPPA) model, formulated as a single-input-single-output system for grid-forming inverters. Subsequently, a complex power controller is designed. The proposed control framework allows for the unification of active and reactive power decoupling control through an order-reduced complex transfer function, enhancing the dynamic performance of GFM power control. The robustness and advantages of this method are validated through comprehensive simulation and experimental results.
{"title":"Complex Variable Design for Power Control of Grid-Forming Inverter","authors":"Xiangjun Quan;Dale Li;Zhixiang Zou;Qinran Hu;Zaijun Wu;Wei Gu;Huiyu Miao","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3533971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3533971","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis and design of the grid-forming (GFM) power loop and decoupling control can be challenging due to the coupled high-order system, where active and reactive power controls are typically designed separately using a dual-input-dual-output model. In this letter, we introduce a complex-power-phase-angle (CPPA) model, formulated as a single-input-single-output system for grid-forming inverters. Subsequently, a complex power controller is designed. The proposed control framework allows for the unification of active and reactive power decoupling control through an order-reduced complex transfer function, enhancing the dynamic performance of GFM power control. The robustness and advantages of this method are validated through comprehensive simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 3","pages":"2255-2258"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Full-power converter variable-speed pumped storage (FPC-VSPS) is a promising technique for flexible power regulation in small-scale distributed hydroelectric power plants. However, conventional vector control limits the synchronous motor of the FPC-VSPS from providing inertia support to the power grid. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces an inertia transmission control for FPC-VSPS based on the concept of DC voltage synchronization. Firstly, the control incorporates the DC capacitor power equation into the GSC control. To enable inertia transmission from the FPC-VSPS synchronous machine, the DC capacitor dynamics are fed into both the speed and torque control of the MSC. Secondly, a torsion spring-rigid body equivalent model is introduced based on the inertia transmission process, analyzing the effects of physical parameters, control coefficients, and transmission delays on the inertia transmission performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal that the inherent physical differences and transmission delay have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the inertia transmission. Consequently, a DC capacitor design method based on inertia matching is proposed, accounting for the constraints of physical inertia matching, system stability, and operational security. Finally, simulations and experiments prove the necessity of inertia matching and verify the effectiveness of the proposed control to cope with frequency fluctuations in both pumping and generating modes.
{"title":"Inertia Transmission Control of Full-Power Converter Variable-Speed Pumped Storage System for Grid Frequency Support","authors":"Kaihsun Chuang;Xiongfei Tao;Yihang Luan;Minxuan Peng;Jianjun Sun;Xiaoming Zha","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3533493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3533493","url":null,"abstract":"Full-power converter variable-speed pumped storage (FPC-VSPS) is a promising technique for flexible power regulation in small-scale distributed hydroelectric power plants. However, conventional vector control limits the synchronous motor of the FPC-VSPS from providing inertia support to the power grid. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces an inertia transmission control for FPC-VSPS based on the concept of DC voltage synchronization. Firstly, the control incorporates the DC capacitor power equation into the GSC control. To enable inertia transmission from the FPC-VSPS synchronous machine, the DC capacitor dynamics are fed into both the speed and torque control of the MSC. Secondly, a torsion spring-rigid body equivalent model is introduced based on the inertia transmission process, analyzing the effects of physical parameters, control coefficients, and transmission delays on the inertia transmission performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal that the inherent physical differences and transmission delay have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the inertia transmission. Consequently, a DC capacitor design method based on inertia matching is proposed, accounting for the constraints of physical inertia matching, system stability, and operational security. Finally, simulations and experiments prove the necessity of inertia matching and verify the effectiveness of the proposed control to cope with frequency fluctuations in both pumping and generating modes.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 3","pages":"1776-1790"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3532835
Carla Gonçalves;Ricardo J. Bessa;Tiago Teixeira;João Vinagre
Accurate power forecasting from renewable energy sources (RES) is crucial for integrating additional RES capacity into the power system and realizing sustainability goals. This work emphasizes the importance of integrating decentralized spatio-temporal data into forecasting models. However, decentralized data ownership presents a critical obstacle to the success of such spatio-temporal models, and incentive mechanisms to foster data-sharing need to be considered. The main contributions are a) a comparative analysis of the forecasting models, advocating for efficient and interpretable spline LASSO regression models, and b) a bidding mechanism within the data/analytics market to ensure fair compensation for data providers and enable both buyers and sellers to express their data price requirements. Furthermore, an incentive mechanism for time series forecasting is proposed, effectively incorporating price constraints and preventing redundant feature allocation. Results show significant accuracy improvements and potential monetary gains for data sellers. For wind power data, an average root mean squared error improvement of over 10% was achieved by comparing forecasts generated by the proposal with locally generated ones.
{"title":"Budget-Constrained Collaborative Renewable Energy Forecasting Market","authors":"Carla Gonçalves;Ricardo J. Bessa;Tiago Teixeira;João Vinagre","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3532835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3532835","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate power forecasting from renewable energy sources (RES) is crucial for integrating additional RES capacity into the power system and realizing sustainability goals. This work emphasizes the importance of integrating decentralized spatio-temporal data into forecasting models. However, decentralized data ownership presents a critical obstacle to the success of such spatio-temporal models, and incentive mechanisms to foster data-sharing need to be considered. The main contributions are a) a comparative analysis of the forecasting models, advocating for efficient and interpretable spline LASSO regression models, and b) a bidding mechanism within the data/analytics market to ensure fair compensation for data providers and enable both buyers and sellers to express their data price requirements. Furthermore, an incentive mechanism for time series forecasting is proposed, effectively incorporating price constraints and preventing redundant feature allocation. Results show significant accuracy improvements and potential monetary gains for data sellers. For wind power data, an average root mean squared error improvement of over 10% was achieved by comparing forecasts generated by the proposal with locally generated ones.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 2","pages":"1440-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient power dispatch in wind farms (WFs) hinges on precise demanded power tracking. This study proposes a decentralized WF power tracking and voltage control method based on data-driven sensitivities (DDSs). This method relies only on local operational variables for model predictive control (MPC), achieving near-global optimal solutions. With a backpropagation algorithm, a new sensitivity calculation method is designed to yield DDSs by computing the gradients of a global mapping model (GMM). The voltage DDSs can be derived simply by calculating the gradient of the voltage GMM and can replace the voltage sensitivities in traditional MPC methods. The power DDSs establishes linear relationships between the power outputs of different wind turbines (WTs), simplifying the WF state-space equations to local prediction models for reducing the quadratic programming dimensions. The three control modes designed based on DDSs enable control without WF line parameters, reduce computational complexity, or combine both effects. The variable spacing constraint linearization method transforms nonlinear constraints into linear ones, addressing the nonlinear coupling between control variables. Testing on a WF with 32 WTs in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method comparable to centralized control methods.
{"title":"A Decentralized Demanded Power Tracking and Voltage Control Method for Wind Farms Based on Data-Driven Sensitivities","authors":"Chang Yan;Sheng Huang;Yinpeng Qu;Xueping Li;Wenbo Tang;Ying Yuan;Yongming Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3530520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3530520","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient power dispatch in wind farms (WFs) hinges on precise demanded power tracking. This study proposes a decentralized WF power tracking and voltage control method based on data-driven sensitivities (DDSs). This method relies only on local operational variables for model predictive control (MPC), achieving near-global optimal solutions. With a backpropagation algorithm, a new sensitivity calculation method is designed to yield DDSs by computing the gradients of a global mapping model (GMM). The voltage DDSs can be derived simply by calculating the gradient of the voltage GMM and can replace the voltage sensitivities in traditional MPC methods. The power DDSs establishes linear relationships between the power outputs of different wind turbines (WTs), simplifying the WF state-space equations to local prediction models for reducing the quadratic programming dimensions. The three control modes designed based on DDSs enable control without WF line parameters, reduce computational complexity, or combine both effects. The variable spacing constraint linearization method transforms nonlinear constraints into linear ones, addressing the nonlinear coupling between control variables. Testing on a WF with 32 WTs in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method comparable to centralized control methods.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 3","pages":"1749-1761"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3532753
Kaiping Qu;Yue Chen;Changhong Zhao
This paper proposes two novel paradigms of approximately adaptive distributionally robust optimization (AADRO) for the energy and reserve dispatch with wind uncertainty. The piecewise linear policy-based AADRO (PLP-AADRO) approximates the adaptive optimization-based recourse decision as piecewise affine adjustment, while the piecewise value function-based AADRO (PVF-AADRO) approximates the quadratic recourse problem as piecewise linear recourse problems. Moreover, an equal probability principle is developed to achieve a high-quality segmentation of the wind power ambiguity set. Consequently, the distributionally robust quadratic cost constraint can be decomposed into decoupled piecewise constraints, allowing the dispatch problem to be formulated as a less-iterative or even non-iterative program. The two-stage AADROs with polyhedron supported uncertainties are first recast precisely as tractable forms with semidefinite constraints, by employing duality theory and S-lemma. Then, the distributionally robust cost constraint in PVF-AADRO is handled by dual vertex generation, and the bilinear terms in both AADROs are addressed by alternating optimization. Numerical simulations verify the efficiency of AADROs in approximating the strict adaptive distributionally robust optimization, and their adaptability in different cases is discussed.
{"title":"Approximately Adaptive Distributionally Robust Optimization for Energy and Reserve Dispatch","authors":"Kaiping Qu;Yue Chen;Changhong Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3532753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3532753","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes two novel paradigms of approximately adaptive distributionally robust optimization (AADRO) for the energy and reserve dispatch with wind uncertainty. The piecewise linear policy-based AADRO (PLP-AADRO) approximates the adaptive optimization-based recourse decision as piecewise affine adjustment, while the piecewise value function-based AADRO (PVF-AADRO) approximates the quadratic recourse problem as piecewise linear recourse problems. Moreover, an equal probability principle is developed to achieve a high-quality segmentation of the wind power ambiguity set. Consequently, the distributionally robust quadratic cost constraint can be decomposed into decoupled piecewise constraints, allowing the dispatch problem to be formulated as a less-iterative or even non-iterative program. The two-stage AADROs with polyhedron supported uncertainties are first recast precisely as tractable forms with semidefinite constraints, by employing duality theory and S-lemma. Then, the distributionally robust cost constraint in PVF-AADRO is handled by dual vertex generation, and the bilinear terms in both AADROs are addressed by alternating optimization. Numerical simulations verify the efficiency of AADROs in approximating the strict adaptive distributionally robust optimization, and their adaptability in different cases is discussed.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 3","pages":"1762-1775"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3531767
Abhishek Abhinav Nanda;Vivek Narayanan;Bhim Singh
Oversizing voltage source converter (VSC) too much is a common consequence of conventional control methods used to maintain sinusoidal utility currents in a central battery energy storage (BES) and multiple solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays-based microgrids interfaced in parallel at the point of common coupling (PCC). It is done to meet harmonics demand of local loads, resulting in increased installation costs and reduced reliability of whole system. An intelligent harmonics current sharing (HCS) strategy is proposed in this work for distribution of reactive and harmonic demands of local loads based on operating modes. Multiple cascaded second-order generalized integrator-based frequency locked loop (CSOGI-FLL) is implemented to estimate dominant harmonic components of nonlinear load currents. Moreover, utility frequency estimated using CSOGI-FLL is utilized to regulate PCC parameters during synchronization of microgrid with utility while supporting HCS. System is simulated at various operating conditions in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and results are validated on a real-time OP5700-based test bench.
{"title":"Harmonics Current Sharing Strategy for Parallel Interfaced Multiple Solar PVs and BES Under Various Operating Conditions","authors":"Abhishek Abhinav Nanda;Vivek Narayanan;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3531767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3531767","url":null,"abstract":"Oversizing voltage source converter (VSC) too much is a common consequence of conventional control methods used to maintain sinusoidal utility currents in a central battery energy storage (BES) and multiple solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays-based microgrids interfaced in parallel at the point of common coupling (PCC). It is done to meet harmonics demand of local loads, resulting in increased installation costs and reduced reliability of whole system. An intelligent harmonics current sharing (HCS) strategy is proposed in this work for distribution of reactive and harmonic demands of local loads based on operating modes. Multiple cascaded second-order generalized integrator-based frequency locked loop (CSOGI-FLL) is implemented to estimate dominant harmonic components of nonlinear load currents. Moreover, utility frequency estimated using CSOGI-FLL is utilized to regulate PCC parameters during synchronization of microgrid with utility while supporting HCS. System is simulated at various operating conditions in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and results are validated on a real-time OP5700-based test bench.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 2","pages":"1414-1424"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3531854
Haihan Ye;Wu Chen
This paper provides a generalized synchronization stabilization control method for offshore wind power transmission systems, which can be used to maintain synchronization during severe AC faults. The proposed method introduces the dynamics of phase-locked loop into the active current loop, so as to trigger the negative feedback between active current and power angle in the power circuit stage to stabilize the phase tracking of wind power plants under complex operating conditions, e.g., including dynamic coupling between multiple wind power plants and considering voltage-dependent current injection specified by the fault ride-through codes. Comparing with the classic Lyapunov methods and equal-area methods, the proposed method does not require either detailed analytical expressions of the entire system or real-time fault detection and high-speed communication, which fundamentally creates a novel idea for distributed synchronous stabilization control. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by Matlab/Simulink results.
{"title":"Generalized Synchronous Stabilization Control for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power Plants During Severe AC Faults","authors":"Haihan Ye;Wu Chen","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3531854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3531854","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a generalized synchronization stabilization control method for offshore wind power transmission systems, which can be used to maintain synchronization during severe AC faults. The proposed method introduces the dynamics of phase-locked loop into the active current loop, so as to trigger the negative feedback between active current and power angle in the power circuit stage to stabilize the phase tracking of wind power plants under complex operating conditions, e.g., including dynamic coupling between multiple wind power plants and considering voltage-dependent current injection specified by the fault ride-through codes. Comparing with the classic Lyapunov methods and equal-area methods, the proposed method does not require either detailed analytical expressions of the entire system or real-time fault detection and high-speed communication, which fundamentally creates a novel idea for distributed synchronous stabilization control. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by Matlab/Simulink results.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 2","pages":"1425-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3529987
Yi Zhu;Huiqing Wen;Yong Yang;Caifeng Wen;Jianliang Mao;Pan Wang;Yihua Hu;Cristian Garcia;Jose Rodriguez
A hybrid microgrid system that includes photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery energy storages (BESs), and constant power loads (CPLs) is presented in this article, where three-phase four-leg three-level (3P4L3L) is utilized as the main power interface. As the penetration of CPLs increases significantly, the operational stability of PV-BES Microgrids has become one of the most challenging issues. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes virtual impedance compensation methods to prevent the instability and oscillations caused by CPLs. First, the small-signal model of main power interfaces, especially 3P4L3L converters and CPLs, is built. Then, the stability of the cascaded system is investigated using the Nyquist criterion. Two compensation strategies are proposed based on the derived small-signal model, and the two methods are analyzed and compared in terms of the stability margin. Experiments are performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy, and the results show that the virtual impedance compensation can prevent instability in 3P4L3L PV-BES Microgrids with high penetration of CPLs.
{"title":"Novel Virtual Impedance Compensation Algorithm for Operation Stabilization of 3P4L3L PV-BES Microgrids With Constant Power Loads","authors":"Yi Zhu;Huiqing Wen;Yong Yang;Caifeng Wen;Jianliang Mao;Pan Wang;Yihua Hu;Cristian Garcia;Jose Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3529987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3529987","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid microgrid system that includes photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery energy storages (BESs), and constant power loads (CPLs) is presented in this article, where three-phase four-leg three-level (3P4L3L) is utilized as the main power interface. As the penetration of CPLs increases significantly, the operational stability of PV-BES Microgrids has become one of the most challenging issues. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes virtual impedance compensation methods to prevent the instability and oscillations caused by CPLs. First, the small-signal model of main power interfaces, especially 3P4L3L converters and CPLs, is built. Then, the stability of the cascaded system is investigated using the Nyquist criterion. Two compensation strategies are proposed based on the derived small-signal model, and the two methods are analyzed and compared in terms of the stability margin. Experiments are performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy, and the results show that the virtual impedance compensation can prevent instability in 3P4L3L PV-BES Microgrids with high penetration of CPLs.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 2","pages":"1401-1413"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a novel energy storage system (ESS) planning method for improving ESS emergency capability during hurricanes, as well as enhancing the integration of renewable power generation under normal weather simultaneously. First, a novel robust ESS planning (NREP) model is proposed that considers the uncertainties of wind power and transmission line faults, along with their correlation during hurricanes, thereby reducing load shedding losses and wind curtailment. Secondly, to improve both the modeling accuracy of line fault uncertainties and the solution efficiency, a spatio-temporal uncertainty set related to hurricane intensity is constructed through information fusion. Furthermore, an improved column-and-constraint generation (ICCG) algorithm, incorporating nonanticipativity constraints, is proposed to solve the NREP model. The ICCG is able to interrelate scenarios and identify generation-dependent worst-case scenarios, thereby improving the feasibility of multi-period generation decisions under nonanticipative uncertainty realization while reducing losses from wind curtailment and load shedding across all scenarios. Simulation results, obtained by comparisons to previous models and algorithms, validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
{"title":"A Novel Robust Energy Storage Planning Method for Grids With Wind Power Integration Considering the Impact of Hurricanes","authors":"Huaizhi Yang;Cong Zhang;Jiayong Li;Lipeng Zhu;Ke Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3527448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3527448","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel energy storage system (ESS) planning method for improving ESS emergency capability during hurricanes, as well as enhancing the integration of renewable power generation under normal weather simultaneously. First, a novel robust ESS planning (NREP) model is proposed that considers the uncertainties of wind power and transmission line faults, along with their correlation during hurricanes, thereby reducing load shedding losses and wind curtailment. Secondly, to improve both the modeling accuracy of line fault uncertainties and the solution efficiency, a spatio-temporal uncertainty set related to hurricane intensity is constructed through information fusion. Furthermore, an improved column-and-constraint generation (ICCG) algorithm, incorporating nonanticipativity constraints, is proposed to solve the NREP model. The ICCG is able to interrelate scenarios and identify generation-dependent worst-case scenarios, thereby improving the feasibility of multi-period generation decisions under nonanticipative uncertainty realization while reducing losses from wind curtailment and load shedding across all scenarios. Simulation results, obtained by comparisons to previous models and algorithms, validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 2","pages":"1388-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2025.3530485
Cong Luo;Shuhan Liao;Yajun Liu;Yandong Chen
Grid-forming (GFM) inverters have been widely used as the interface between renewable energy sources and power grid. During low voltage ride through (LVRT) period, to limit the fault current, GFM inverters will experience the switching of control strategy, which makes the transient stability of GFM inverters exhibit different features from that of synchronous generators (SGs). In this paper, considering the switching characteristics induced by virtual impedance (VI), the framework of predicting the transient stability of GFM inverters during the fault period and after fault clearance is established from the perspective of energy. To reduce the conservativeness of the stability region, a uniform energy function considering the damping dissipation and the dynamics of reactive power control loop is constructed for the transient stability analysis of GFM inverters. Compared with existing approaches, the stability region estimated by the proposed energy function can intuitively show the effect of damping, and effectively reduce the degree of conservatism in transient stability prediction. Finally, simulation and hardware-in-loop experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in the transient stability prediction of GFM inverters with switching characteristics.
{"title":"Estimation of Stability Region for Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Switching Characteristics via Constructing Damping-Reflected Energy Functions","authors":"Cong Luo;Shuhan Liao;Yajun Liu;Yandong Chen","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2025.3530485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2025.3530485","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-forming (GFM) inverters have been widely used as the interface between renewable energy sources and power grid. During low voltage ride through (LVRT) period, to limit the fault current, GFM inverters will experience the switching of control strategy, which makes the transient stability of GFM inverters exhibit different features from that of synchronous generators (SGs). In this paper, considering the switching characteristics induced by virtual impedance (VI), the framework of predicting the transient stability of GFM inverters during the fault period and after fault clearance is established from the perspective of energy. To reduce the conservativeness of the stability region, a uniform energy function considering the damping dissipation and the dynamics of reactive power control loop is constructed for the transient stability analysis of GFM inverters. Compared with existing approaches, the stability region estimated by the proposed energy function can intuitively show the effect of damping, and effectively reduce the degree of conservatism in transient stability prediction. Finally, simulation and hardware-in-loop experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in the transient stability prediction of GFM inverters with switching characteristics.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 3","pages":"1737-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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