Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3431616
Changhee Han;Ramesh R. Rao;Seokheon Cho
To achieve flexible operation of modern distribution networks with increasing renewable energy sources (RESs), this study proposes a stochastic operation method for a novel energy management platform that combines energy storage with a power flow controller, which is presented as a multi-terminal soft open point (MT-SOP). A Wasserstein metric-based distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization for the operation of the MT-SOP is proposed under the assumption that there is no prior knowledge about the distribution of forecast errors for both the load and RES outputs. The proposed method stochastically relaxes the reliability constraints on the bus voltage and branch power flow to maximize the cost-benefit of the distribution system operator (DSO). The proposed problem was reformulated into a tractable convex program using the concept of conditional value-at-risk. Based on case studies using modified IEEE-33 systems, the trade-offs between operational risks and cost–benefits were analyzed using parameters on the risk level and radius of the ambiguity set. Through numerical comparisons of the simulation results, we show that the DSO can achieve economic efficiency for imported electricity by relaxing conservativeness in distribution network reliability.
{"title":"Stochastic Operation of Multi-Terminal Soft Open Points in Distribution Networks With Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Optimization","authors":"Changhee Han;Ramesh R. Rao;Seokheon Cho","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3431616","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3431616","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve flexible operation of modern distribution networks with increasing renewable energy sources (RESs), this study proposes a stochastic operation method for a novel energy management platform that combines energy storage with a power flow controller, which is presented as a multi-terminal soft open point (MT-SOP). A Wasserstein metric-based distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization for the operation of the MT-SOP is proposed under the assumption that there is no prior knowledge about the distribution of forecast errors for both the load and RES outputs. The proposed method stochastically relaxes the reliability constraints on the bus voltage and branch power flow to maximize the cost-benefit of the distribution system operator (DSO). The proposed problem was reformulated into a tractable convex program using the concept of conditional value-at-risk. Based on case studies using modified IEEE-33 systems, the trade-offs between operational risks and cost–benefits were analyzed using parameters on the risk level and radius of the ambiguity set. Through numerical comparisons of the simulation results, we show that the DSO can achieve economic efficiency for imported electricity by relaxing conservativeness in distribution network reliability.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"16 1","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3430844
Min Du;Jinning Zhang;Chenghong Gu;Xin Zhang
This paper aims to produce a practical and efficient decision for the system operator to harden critical components in power systems with high wind power penetration against uncertain attacks. Thus, an adjustable robust tri-level defender-attacker-defender (ART-DAD) model is proposed to improve the resilience of power systems by hardening critical transmission lines. The proposed ART-DAD model considers both uncertain attacks and uncertain wind power output, which provides meaningful insights into the resilience improvement of power systems that involve uncertainties. More specifically, the proposed defense model integrates dynamic N-K criterion for attack budgets and the polyhedral uncertainty set for wind power output to develop resilient line hardening strategies. The proposed defense model can be formulated as a mixed integer tri-level programming problem that is decoupled into a master and sub-problem. Then, a constraint-generation based solution algorithm is proposed to solve the overall ART-DAD model with a master and sub-problem scheme. Simulation results on IEEE RTS-79 and RTS-96 systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed resilience improving strategy.
{"title":"Resilience Improving Strategy for Power Systems With High Wind Power Penetration Against Uncertain Attacks","authors":"Min Du;Jinning Zhang;Chenghong Gu;Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3430844","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3430844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to produce a practical and efficient decision for the system operator to harden critical components in power systems with high wind power penetration against uncertain attacks. Thus, an adjustable robust tri-level defender-attacker-defender (ART-DAD) model is proposed to improve the resilience of power systems by hardening critical transmission lines. The proposed ART-DAD model considers both uncertain attacks and uncertain wind power output, which provides meaningful insights into the resilience improvement of power systems that involve uncertainties. More specifically, the proposed defense model integrates dynamic N-K criterion for attack budgets and the polyhedral uncertainty set for wind power output to develop resilient line hardening strategies. The proposed defense model can be formulated as a mixed integer tri-level programming problem that is decoupled into a master and sub-problem. Then, a constraint-generation based solution algorithm is proposed to solve the overall ART-DAD model with a master and sub-problem scheme. Simulation results on IEEE RTS-79 and RTS-96 systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed resilience improving strategy.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2625-2637"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3430972
Yubo Zhang;Songhao Yang;Zhiguo Hao;Baohui Zhang
The fast frequency support (FFS) towards frequency trajectory optimization provides a system view for the frequency regulation of wind farms (WFs). However, the existing frequency trajectory optimization-based FFS generally relies on the accurate governor dynamics model of synchronous generators (SGs), which aggrandizes the difficulty of controller implementation. In this paper, a proportional-integral (PI) based FFS of WFs is designed for tracking the optimal frequency trajectory, which gets rid of the dependence on the governor model. Firstly, the prototypical PI-based FFS of WFs is proposed and its feasibility for tracking the optimal frequency trajectory is analyzed and demonstrated. Then, based on the “frequency-RoCoF” form of the optimal frequency trajectory, a more practical PI controller is constructed, avoiding the time dependence of the prototypical PI controller. Besides, an adaptive gain associated with PI parameters is designed for multi-WF coordination. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified in both the single-WF system and the multi-WF system.
面向频率轨迹优化的快速频率支持(FFS)为风电场(WFs)的频率调节提供了系统视图。然而,现有的基于频率轨迹优化的 FFS 通常依赖于同步发电机 (SG) 的精确调速器动力学模型,这增加了控制器实现的难度。本文设计了一种基于比例积分(PI)的风力发电机 FFS,用于跟踪最优频率轨迹,摆脱了对调速器模型的依赖。首先,提出了基于 PI 的 WFs FFS 原型,并分析和论证了其跟踪最佳频率轨迹的可行性。然后,根据最佳频率轨迹的 "频率-RoCoF "形式,构建了一个更实用的 PI 控制器,避免了原型 PI 控制器的时间依赖性。此外,还为多 WF 协调设计了与 PI 参数相关的自适应增益。最后,在单 WF 系统和多 WF 系统中验证了所提方法的有效性。
{"title":"Model-Free Fast Frequency Support of Wind Farms for Tracking Optimal Frequency Trajectory","authors":"Yubo Zhang;Songhao Yang;Zhiguo Hao;Baohui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3430972","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3430972","url":null,"abstract":"The fast frequency support (FFS) towards frequency trajectory optimization provides a system view for the frequency regulation of wind farms (WFs). However, the existing frequency trajectory optimization-based FFS generally relies on the accurate governor dynamics model of synchronous generators (SGs), which aggrandizes the difficulty of controller implementation. In this paper, a proportional-integral (PI) based FFS of WFs is designed for tracking the optimal frequency trajectory, which gets rid of the dependence on the governor model. Firstly, the prototypical PI-based FFS of WFs is proposed and its feasibility for tracking the optimal frequency trajectory is analyzed and demonstrated. Then, based on the “frequency-RoCoF” form of the optimal frequency trajectory, a more practical PI controller is constructed, avoiding the time dependence of the prototypical PI controller. Besides, an adaptive gain associated with PI parameters is designed for multi-WF coordination. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified in both the single-WF system and the multi-WF system.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2638-2650"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}