Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3413593
Jing Peng;Jesse Buchsbaum;Catherine Hausman;Johanna L. Mathieu
The U.S. power system faces a 2035 decarbonization target, though the exact pathway to the target remains unclear. Policy instruments, like carbon taxes and forcing coal plants to retire through various mechanisms, could help achieve the target. It is critical to analyze and compare decarbonization policies as different policies lead to different costs, emissions pathways, and political challenges. In this paper, we explore the ramifications of adopting alternative decarbonization policies. We assume a particular carbon tax to be the benchmark policy and compare it to alternative carbon tax and forced coal retirement policies in terms of emissions and costs. We use a power system dispatch model that co-optimizes unit commitment, energy, and frequency regulation capacity to simulate system evolution over multiple years, including retirements and renewables/storage expansion, under each policy. Our case study highlights the trade-offs between policies. We find that, counter-intuitively, higher carbon taxes do not always achieve lower emissions due to the complexity of dispatch, resulting profits and retirements, and the addition of renewables/storage. In contrast, forced coal retirements result in lower power system costs but higher emissions than the benchmark policy, with a large range of possible outcomes across different retirement cases.
{"title":"Power System Decarbonization: A Comparison Between Carbon Taxes and Forcing Coal Power Plant Retirements","authors":"Jing Peng;Jesse Buchsbaum;Catherine Hausman;Johanna L. Mathieu","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3413593","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3413593","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. power system faces a 2035 decarbonization target, though the exact pathway to the target remains unclear. Policy instruments, like carbon taxes and forcing coal plants to retire through various mechanisms, could help achieve the target. It is critical to analyze and compare decarbonization policies as different policies lead to different costs, emissions pathways, and political challenges. In this paper, we explore the ramifications of adopting alternative decarbonization policies. We assume a particular carbon tax to be the benchmark policy and compare it to alternative carbon tax and forced coal retirement policies in terms of emissions and costs. We use a power system dispatch model that co-optimizes unit commitment, energy, and frequency regulation capacity to simulate system evolution over multiple years, including retirements and renewables/storage expansion, under each policy. Our case study highlights the trade-offs between policies. We find that, counter-intuitively, higher carbon taxes do not always achieve lower emissions due to the complexity of dispatch, resulting profits and retirements, and the addition of renewables/storage. In contrast, forced coal retirements result in lower power system costs but higher emissions than the benchmark policy, with a large range of possible outcomes across different retirement cases.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2310-2321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3413343
Chao Charles Liu;Chi K. Tse;Jingxi Yang
Ensuring reliable operation of renewable energy sources requires robust grid-connected converters. Depending on the choice of synchronization methods, grid-connected converters may exhibit distinct nonlinear behavior that plays a vital role in determining their transient stability. Recently, the grid-voltage-modulated direct power control (DPC) has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) to enhance the dynamic response of the grid-following converter (GFLC). However, existing studies have primarily treated the DPC-based GFLC as a linear system. In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear behavior of this converter under weak grids using a large-signal model based on double reference frames. Our findings reveal that the DPC-based GFLC demonstrates sustained oscillation. Interestingly, the stable periodic orbit observed does not arise from a Hopf bifurcation but rather a saddle-node bifurcation of periodic orbits. This critical bifurcation is characterized by the coexistence of a stable periodic orbit and a stable equilibrium point, resulting in a sudden contraction of the converter's stability region. Furthermore, we provide a comparison between the nonlinear behavior of PLL-based GFLCs and DPC-based GFLCs. To validate our findings, we present full-circuit simulations and laboratory experiments.
{"title":"Nonlinear Behavior and Transient Stability of Grid-Following Converters Using Direct Power Control Under Weak Grid","authors":"Chao Charles Liu;Chi K. Tse;Jingxi Yang","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3413343","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3413343","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring reliable operation of renewable energy sources requires robust grid-connected converters. Depending on the choice of synchronization methods, grid-connected converters may exhibit distinct nonlinear behavior that plays a vital role in determining their transient stability. Recently, the grid-voltage-modulated direct power control (DPC) has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) to enhance the dynamic response of the grid-following converter (GFLC). However, existing studies have primarily treated the DPC-based GFLC as a linear system. In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear behavior of this converter under weak grids using a large-signal model based on double reference frames. Our findings reveal that the DPC-based GFLC demonstrates sustained oscillation. Interestingly, the stable periodic orbit observed does not arise from a Hopf bifurcation but rather a saddle-node bifurcation of periodic orbits. This critical bifurcation is characterized by the coexistence of a stable periodic orbit and a stable equilibrium point, resulting in a sudden contraction of the converter's stability region. Furthermore, we provide a comparison between the nonlinear behavior of PLL-based GFLCs and DPC-based GFLCs. To validate our findings, we present full-circuit simulations and laboratory experiments.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2287-2298"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Condition monitoring of wind turbines (WTs) is essential for advancing wind energy. Existing data-driven methods heavily rely on deep learning and big data, leading to challenges in distinguishing true faults from false alarms, impacting operational decisions negatively. Thus, this paper proposes a spatio-temporal graph neural network framework that incorporates prior knowledge. Prior WT knowledge is utilized by establishing a spatially structured directed graph embedded in a graph attention network (GAT). The features in WTs’ supervisory control and data acquisition system are indicated by the nodes in GAT. Then, the global and local attention embedding layers as well as long short-term memory layers are employed to combine spatio-temporal information from each node. Finally, the condition monitoring in WTs’ graph and node-level are established, and a fault propagation chain at node-level is constructed for explaining condition monitoring results. To demonstrate the explainability, robustness and sensitivity of the proposed approach, a comparative analysis between a true fault case and a false alarm case are given, and anomaly detection results are also reported.
风力涡轮机（WT）的状态监测对于推进风能发展至关重要。现有的数据驱动方法在很大程度上依赖于深度学习和大数据，导致在区分真实故障和误报方面面临挑战，从而对运营决策产生负面影响。因此，本文提出了一种结合先验知识的时空图神经网络框架。通过建立嵌入图注意网络（GAT）的空间结构有向图，利用了 WT 的先验知识。风电机组的监控和数据采集系统的特征由 GAT 中的节点表示。然后，利用全局和局部注意力嵌入层以及长短期记忆层来组合来自每个节点的时空信息。最后，建立风电机组图和节点层的状态监测，并构建节点层的故障传播链来解释状态监测结果。为了证明所提方法的可解释性、鲁棒性和灵敏度，给出了真实故障案例和误报案例的对比分析，并报告了异常检测结果。
{"title":"Graph Spatio-Temporal Networks for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine","authors":"Xiaohang Jin;Shengye Lv;Ziqian Kong;Hongchun Yang;Yuanming Zhang;Yuanjing Guo;Zhengguo Xu","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3411884","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3411884","url":null,"abstract":"Condition monitoring of wind turbines (WTs) is essential for advancing wind energy. Existing data-driven methods heavily rely on deep learning and big data, leading to challenges in distinguishing true faults from false alarms, impacting operational decisions negatively. Thus, this paper proposes a spatio-temporal graph neural network framework that incorporates prior knowledge. Prior WT knowledge is utilized by establishing a spatially structured directed graph embedded in a graph attention network (GAT). The features in WTs’ supervisory control and data acquisition system are indicated by the nodes in GAT. Then, the global and local attention embedding layers as well as long short-term memory layers are employed to combine spatio-temporal information from each node. Finally, the condition monitoring in WTs’ graph and node-level are established, and a fault propagation chain at node-level is constructed for explaining condition monitoring results. To demonstrate the explainability, robustness and sensitivity of the proposed approach, a comparative analysis between a true fault case and a false alarm case are given, and anomaly detection results are also reported.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2276-2286"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3411577
Carlos Araújo Júnior;Bruno Dias;Andre Diniz
The continuous increase of renewable energy sources (RES) brings challenges to electric power system planning, since RES effects must be considered in both short-term dispatch and mid/long-term planning (MLTP). In the latter, immediate or intra-stage cost functions (ICF or ISCF) have been proposed in the literature to provide thermal generation costs for each weekly/monthly stage, to address the uncertainty and high variability of RES without explicitly discretizing the stage in hourly steps. This work proposes a combined two-stage Benders decomposition and dual dynamic programming (DDP) approach to improve the construction and consideration of such ISCF for the MLTP problem. In this case, a set of subproblems considering hourly aspects as load curve, RES intermittency and peak capacity of hydro-generation are iteratively solved in the DDP master problem of each stage, for several scenarios of RES generation profiles, along DDP iterations. Since the discretization points of the ISCF are obtained on demand, this approach yields more accurate ISCF functions, specially in multi-area systems. The methodology is validated for both a tutorial case and a case based on data from the large-scale Brazilian system, where more realistic mid-term policies are obtained when compared to current approaches, with a reduced number of subproblems.
{"title":"Integrated Two-Stage Benders Decomposition and Dual Dynamic Programming for Hydrothermal-Wind Planning With Intra-Stage Cost Functions","authors":"Carlos Araújo Júnior;Bruno Dias;Andre Diniz","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3411577","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3411577","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous increase of renewable energy sources (RES) brings challenges to electric power system planning, since RES effects must be considered in both short-term dispatch and mid/long-term planning (MLTP). In the latter, immediate or intra-stage cost functions (ICF or ISCF) have been proposed in the literature to provide thermal generation costs for each weekly/monthly stage, to address the uncertainty and high variability of RES without explicitly discretizing the stage in hourly steps. This work proposes a combined two-stage Benders decomposition and dual dynamic programming (DDP) approach to improve the construction and consideration of such ISCF for the MLTP problem. In this case, a set of subproblems considering hourly aspects as load curve, RES intermittency and peak capacity of hydro-generation are iteratively solved in the DDP master problem of each stage, for several scenarios of RES generation profiles, along DDP iterations. Since the discretization points of the ISCF are obtained on demand, this approach yields more accurate ISCF functions, specially in multi-area systems. The methodology is validated for both a tutorial case and a case based on data from the large-scale Brazilian system, where more realistic mid-term policies are obtained when compared to current approaches, with a reduced number of subproblems.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2263-2275"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In modern power systems, Inverter-Based Distributed Generators (IBDGs) are rapidly increasing. Their aggregated effects alter the dynamic characteristics of the active distribution network (ADN). However, the typical model of ADNs does not consider the transient characteristics of IBDGs, leading to an inaccurate characterization of the dynamic characteristics of ADNs. This paper proposes an ADN equivalent model that considers the transient characteristics of IBDGs. Firstly, the detailed ADN model with IBDGs and the corresponding typical model are constructed, and the effect of IBDG on the accuracy of the equivalent model under large disturbances is analyzed. To characterize the transient behavior of IBDGs, the Low-Voltage-Ride-Through (LVRT) exit time is introduced. Subsequently, the AGglomerative NESting (AGNES) algorithm is used to cluster IBDGs within ADN based on their LVRT exit times. The determination of several clusters is based on multiple evaluation indexes. Then, a parameterization method is given for an ADN equivalent model structure applicable to IBDG grouping. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated by constructing practical engineering. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed model accurately reflects the transient characteristics of ADN and maintains high accuracy under different operating conditions.
{"title":"Dynamic Equivalents of Active Distribution Networks Considering IBDG Transient Characteristics","authors":"Shanhua Hu;Yalou Li;Xing Zhang;Qing Mu;Pengfei Tian;Yizheng Xu","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3410289","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3410289","url":null,"abstract":"In modern power systems, Inverter-Based Distributed Generators (IBDGs) are rapidly increasing. Their aggregated effects alter the dynamic characteristics of the active distribution network (ADN). However, the typical model of ADNs does not consider the transient characteristics of IBDGs, leading to an inaccurate characterization of the dynamic characteristics of ADNs. This paper proposes an ADN equivalent model that considers the transient characteristics of IBDGs. Firstly, the detailed ADN model with IBDGs and the corresponding typical model are constructed, and the effect of IBDG on the accuracy of the equivalent model under large disturbances is analyzed. To characterize the transient behavior of IBDGs, the Low-Voltage-Ride-Through (LVRT) exit time is introduced. Subsequently, the AGglomerative NESting (AGNES) algorithm is used to cluster IBDGs within ADN based on their LVRT exit times. The determination of several clusters is based on multiple evaluation indexes. Then, a parameterization method is given for an ADN equivalent model structure applicable to IBDG grouping. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated by constructing practical engineering. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed model accurately reflects the transient characteristics of ADN and maintains high accuracy under different operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2249-2262"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3409370
Xing Dong;Chao Jiang;Jibin Liu;Daduan Zhao;Bo Sun
Integrated Energy Systems (IESs) are important vehicles for achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. However, operating an IES smoothly is difficult due to source–load fluctuations and the complexity of the multiple timescales of different energy flows. To tackle the challenges, this paper proposes a two-stage dual-loop optimization framework for IESs, where the two stages comprise the first stage: day-ahead cooperative optimization of source-storage-demand (DCOS), and the second stage: intraday dual-loop rolling optimization control (IDRO). In DCOS, energy storage, and integrated demand response models are established, and a carbon emission trading mechanism is introduced to achieve an economically low-carbon operating plan. In IDRO, an electric power rolling optimization model based on model predictive control is established in the inner loop, and a cooling and heating power output adjustment strategy based on user comfort event-trigger mechanism is developed in the outer loop. The proposed optimization strategy enables the coordinated operation of multiple energy flows across various time scales, effectively mitigating the imbalance between production and demand during intraday operations under source–load fluctuations scenario. In case studies, this strategy is applied to a typical IES, with simulations conducted to evaluate its performance during typical summer and winter seasons.
{"title":"Model Predictive Control Optimization Strategy for Integrated Energy Systems: A Two-stage Dual-loop Optimization Framework","authors":"Xing Dong;Chao Jiang;Jibin Liu;Daduan Zhao;Bo Sun","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3409370","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3409370","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Energy Systems (IESs) are important vehicles for achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. However, operating an IES smoothly is difficult due to source–load fluctuations and the complexity of the multiple timescales of different energy flows. To tackle the challenges, this paper proposes a two-stage dual-loop optimization framework for IESs, where the two stages comprise the first stage: day-ahead cooperative optimization of source-storage-demand (DCOS), and the second stage: intraday dual-loop rolling optimization control (IDRO). In DCOS, energy storage, and integrated demand response models are established, and a carbon emission trading mechanism is introduced to achieve an economically low-carbon operating plan. In IDRO, an electric power rolling optimization model based on model predictive control is established in the inner loop, and a cooling and heating power output adjustment strategy based on user comfort event-trigger mechanism is developed in the outer loop. The proposed optimization strategy enables the coordinated operation of multiple energy flows across various time scales, effectively mitigating the imbalance between production and demand during intraday operations under source–load fluctuations scenario. In case studies, this strategy is applied to a typical IES, with simulations conducted to evaluate its performance during typical summer and winter seasons.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 4","pages":"2234-2248"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) panels in a distribution system could cause sharp fluctuations in bus voltages. This phenomenon could induce abnormal operations in high-precision equipment or result in erroneous computer memory functions. To handle this issue, this paper proposes a voltage control to smooth out a critical bus voltage, without utilizing the local controllable devices, while maintaining the bus voltages across the distribution system within the allowable range. First, a smoothing out control of voltage is proposed and theoretically proved to mitigate the voltage fluctuations at the critical bus by the first-order inertia. Second, an optimization model is proposed for the coordinated voltage control, which coordinates the actions of discrete control devices with the smoothing out control of PV inverters. A novel convex approximation method is proposed to transform the nonconvex model into an approximate convex model. It is theoretically proved that the solutions obtained by solving the approximation model can control the bus voltages across the distribution system within the allowable range. Last, the proposed voltage control is simulated in 15-bus and 51-bus distribution systems. The 6-minute and 24-hour simulations show that a single voltage fluctuation and the sum of squared voltage fluctuations at a critical bus are reduced by 22.4% and 36.5%, respectively, as compared to the results offered by using the existing benchmark control method.
{"title":"A Convex Approximation Method for Smoothing Out Control of Voltage Profile at a Critical Distribution Bus Under Sharp PV Power Fluctuations","authors":"Xuanyi Xiao;Zhiyi Li;Xutao Han;Wen Huang;Guanzhong Wang;Mohammad Shahidehpour","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3394148","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3394148","url":null,"abstract":"The high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) panels in a distribution system could cause sharp fluctuations in bus voltages. This phenomenon could induce abnormal operations in high-precision equipment or result in erroneous computer memory functions. To handle this issue, this paper proposes a voltage control to smooth out a critical bus voltage, without utilizing the local controllable devices, while maintaining the bus voltages across the distribution system within the allowable range. First, a smoothing out control of voltage is proposed and theoretically proved to mitigate the voltage fluctuations at the critical bus by the first-order inertia. Second, an optimization model is proposed for the coordinated voltage control, which coordinates the actions of discrete control devices with the smoothing out control of PV inverters. A novel convex approximation method is proposed to transform the nonconvex model into an approximate convex model. It is theoretically proved that the solutions obtained by solving the approximation model can control the bus voltages across the distribution system within the allowable range. Last, the proposed voltage control is simulated in 15-bus and 51-bus distribution systems. The 6-minute and 24-hour simulations show that a single voltage fluctuation and the sum of squared voltage fluctuations at a critical bus are reduced by 22.4% and 36.5%, respectively, as compared to the results offered by using the existing benchmark control method.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 3","pages":"2038-2049"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3394049
Qilin Hou;Ningyi Dai;Ying Huang
The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into active distribution networks (ADNs) is essential for reducing carbon emissions but often results in voltage fluctuations and violations. This paper proposes a hierarchical voltage control framework that effectively coordinates diverse controllable devices with various response times in an ADN. The framework comprises three stages: day-ahead scheduling of on-load tap changer (OLTC), intra-day optimization for droop slopes and references for droop controllers in Soft Open Points (SOPs) and distributed generators (DGs), and real-time local voltage regulation. Unlike existing approaches, the proposed approach analytically establishes voltage stability constraints and incorporates them into droop slope optimization for local controllers, mitigating voltage oscillation risks. Additionally, a novel deviation-aware optimization method is developed to calculate optimal voltage references. This method treats the deviations between fixed-point voltages and their references as uncertainties and accounts for their impacts on voltage security through chance-constrained programming. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in improving voltage regulation performance with guaranteed stability.
{"title":"Voltage Regulation Enhanced Hierarchical Coordinated Volt/Var and Volt/Watt Control for Active Distribution Networks With Soft Open Points","authors":"Qilin Hou;Ningyi Dai;Ying Huang","doi":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3394049","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TSTE.2024.3394049","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into active distribution networks (ADNs) is essential for reducing carbon emissions but often results in voltage fluctuations and violations. This paper proposes a hierarchical voltage control framework that effectively coordinates diverse controllable devices with various response times in an ADN. The framework comprises three stages: day-ahead scheduling of on-load tap changer (OLTC), intra-day optimization for droop slopes and references for droop controllers in Soft Open Points (SOPs) and distributed generators (DGs), and real-time local voltage regulation. Unlike existing approaches, the proposed approach analytically establishes voltage stability constraints and incorporates them into droop slope optimization for local controllers, mitigating voltage oscillation risks. Additionally, a novel deviation-aware optimization method is developed to calculate optimal voltage references. This method treats the deviations between fixed-point voltages and their references as uncertainties and accounts for their impacts on voltage security through chance-constrained programming. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in improving voltage regulation performance with guaranteed stability.","PeriodicalId":452,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","volume":"15 3","pages":"2021-2037"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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