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Human Resource Management in Family Business Succession: Victim or Saviour? 家族企业继承中的人力资源管理:受害者还是救世主?
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500152
Moez Ben Yedder
Each year thousands of family business, mainly SMEs, fail in their succession process. Previous research holds that succession planning and management professionalization are the key elements for family business facing succession but tends to give little attention to the role of human resource management (HRM). This paper sheds light on the part that HRM can play to preserve family business at the risky stage of succession. A study was conducted with multiple qualitative case studies. The analysis was done at both intra-site and inter-site levels and based on the matrix analysis and display approach (Miles and Huberman, 2003). Our findings show that HRM can help to diminish the risk of family business succession by reducing the dependence to family management through personnel empowerment and improvement of organizational environment. However, potential positive HRM outcomes for succession are only possible given the condition of prior HRM professionalization and family management support.
每年都有成千上万的家族企业,主要是中小企业,在继承过程中失败。以往的研究认为,继任计划和管理专业化是家族企业面临继任的关键因素,但往往很少关注人力资源管理的作用。本文阐明了人力资源管理在继承风险阶段对保护家族企业的作用。通过多个定性案例研究进行了一项研究。分析在站点内和站点间两个层面进行,并基于矩阵分析和显示方法(Miles和Huberman, 2003)。我们的研究结果表明,人力资源管理可以通过人员授权和改善组织环境来降低家族企业对家族管理的依赖,从而降低家族企业继承的风险。然而,只有在人力资源管理专业化和家族管理支持的条件下,继任人力资源管理的潜在积极结果才有可能。
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引用次数: 10
Entrepreneur’s Social Capital and Firm Growth: The Moderating Role of Access to Finance 企业家社会资本与企业成长:融资渠道的调节作用
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500127
Rosemond Boohene
Social capital and access to finance have been identified as key resources that influence the growth of small firms however, these variables have rarely been studied. This paper, therefore, examines the relationship between social capital and firm growth with access to finance as a moderating role. 250 small firms in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana were used for the study. Structural Equation Modelling using Partial Least Square (PLS) was used to analyze the data collected using area sampling. The results indicated that social capital does not directly influence firm growth. In addition, access to finance does not moderate the relationship between social capital and firm growth. However, a positive relationship was found between social capital and access to finance. Access to finance and firm growth, though significant, had a negative relationship. It is recommended that since social capital influences the capability to access finance, entrepreneurs should be encouraged to build more relationships within their networks. Moreover, government agencies and financial institutions should devise strategies that will reduce the interest rates so that though these small firms in Ghana can access finance, the high interest rates will not erode the gains they may achieve in the long run.
社会资本和融资渠道已被确定为影响小企业增长的关键资源,然而,这些变量很少被研究。因此,本文考察了社会资本与企业增长之间的关系,融资渠道是一个调节作用。这项研究使用了加纳库马西大都市的250家小公司。使用偏最小二乘(PLS)的结构方程建模用于分析使用区域采样收集的数据。研究结果表明,社会资本并不直接影响企业成长。此外,获得资金并不能缓和社会资本与企业增长之间的关系。然而,社会资本与获得资金之间存在着积极的关系。获得资金和公司增长虽然很重要,但却存在负面关系。建议,由于社会资本影响获得资金的能力,应鼓励企业家在其网络中建立更多的关系。此外,政府机构和金融机构应该制定降低利率的战略,这样,尽管加纳的这些小公司可以获得融资,但从长远来看,高利率不会侵蚀他们可能取得的收益。
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引用次数: 12
SMEs as Extended Enterprises: A 360-Degree Model for Profiling SMEs Stakeholder Involvement in R&D 中小企业作为延伸型企业:一个360度的中小企业利益相关者参与研发的模型
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500097
Vilma Vuori, Jukka Vesalainen, Nina Helander
This study increases knowledge on SMEs as extended enterprises, particularly from the viewpoint of stakeholder involvement in firms’ R&D activity. Previous research holds that stakeholder involvement benefits firms’ R&D performance, but tends to approach stakeholder involvement by focusing on one or two stakeholder groups at a time. This paper explores the roles and intensity of involvement of different stakeholders in the R&D processes of SMEs and presents a 360-degree model based on prior research to empirically profile the SMEs to see where their gaps in the stakeholder potential are. The study was conducted with multiple qualitative case studies and contributes to the debates on SMEs’ R&D processes and stakeholder perspective on business. This research offers a synthetizing view of the involvement of different stakeholders’ in R&D, an approach that enables to consider SMEs as extended enterprises.
这项研究增加了对中小企业作为延伸企业的了解,特别是从利益相关者参与企业研发活动的角度来看。先前的研究认为,利益相关者的参与有利于企业的研发绩效,但倾向于通过一次关注一两个利益相关者群体来接近利益相关者参与。本文探讨了不同利益相关者在中小企业研发过程中的作用和参与强度,并提出了一个基于先前研究的360度模型,以实证分析中小企业,了解其利益相关者潜力的差距在哪里。该研究采用了多个定性案例研究,有助于就中小企业的研发流程和利益相关者对业务的看法展开辩论。这项研究对不同利益相关者参与研发的情况提供了一个综合的观点,这是一种能够将中小企业视为扩展企业的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Contextual Determinants of Employee Entrepreneurial Behavior in Support of Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda 支持企业创业的员工创业行为的情境决定因素:系统回顾和研究议程
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500115
M. Mustafa, Fiona Gavin, M. Hughes
The individual entrepreneurial behavior of employees represents one of the primary antecedents of Corporate Entrepreneurship. The complex nature of ‘employee entrepreneurial behavior’ suggests that a myriad of contextual influences act on the emergence of such behavior. It is imperative that theorists and practitioners alike understand both the subtle and sophisticated ways in which context influences employee entrepreneurial behavior. To address these issues and encourage future work, this study performs a systematic literature review to provide an overview of the field and examines the influence of the job/role, organizational/work and external contexts on employee entrepreneurial behavior. Findings suggest that employee entrepreneurial behavior is an emergent research field and that its behaviors can manifest themselves in different ways compared to firm-level entrepreneurial behaviors. We also show the sophisticated manner in which different types of context influence employee entrepreneurial behavior.
员工的个体创业行为是企业创业的主要前因之一。“员工创业行为”的复杂性表明,这种行为的出现受到了无数语境的影响。理论界和从业者都必须了解环境影响员工创业行为的微妙和复杂方式。为了解决这些问题并鼓励未来的工作,本研究进行了系统的文献综述,对该领域进行了概述,并考察了工作/角色、组织/工作和外部环境对员工创业行为的影响。研究结果表明,员工创业行为是一个新兴的研究领域,与公司层面的创业行为相比,其行为可以以不同的方式表现出来。我们还展示了不同类型的背景影响员工创业行为的复杂方式。
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引用次数: 44
Effect of Locus of Control on Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Self-Employment Intentions: The Moderating Role of Individualism 控制点对创业态度和自主创业意向的影响:个人主义的调节作用
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500103
M. Baluku, E. Bantu, Kathleen Otto
Applying Ajzen’s planned behavior theory, we study the impact of control beliefs (reflected by an internal locus of control) and normative beliefs (investigated via individualistic cultural orientation) on entrepreneurial attitudes and self-employment intentions of final year university students. We particularly explore the interactive effect of internal locus of control and culture when explaining entrepreneurial attitudes, which consequently shapes self-employment intentions. The data were collected at a German university and three universities in East Africa. We received 590 complete responses. We used PROCESS Macro to test our model and hypotheses. Our findings show that both internal locus of control and culture predict entrepreneurial attitudes and self-employment intention. The effects of international locus of control are mediated by entrepreneurial attitudes. Moreover, the indirect effect is further conditioned by culture. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
应用Ajzen的计划行为理论,我们研究了控制信念(由内部控制源反映)和规范信念(通过个人主义文化取向调查)对大学四年级学生创业态度和自主就业意愿的影响。在解释创业态度时,我们特别探讨了内部控制点和文化的互动效应,从而塑造了自营职业意向。这些数据是在一所德国大学和东非的三所大学收集的。我们收到590份完整回复。我们使用PROCESS Macro来测试我们的模型和假设。我们的研究结果表明,内部控制源和文化都可以预测创业态度和自营职业意向。国际控制点的影响是由创业态度介导的。此外,间接效应还受到文化的制约。讨论了这些发现的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 17
Religiosity Effects on Employees in SMEs: An Islamic Country Perspective 宗教对中小企业员工的影响:伊斯兰国家视角
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500048
A. Ghouri, N. Khan, O. Kareem, M. Shahbaz
This study aims to investigate the adaptation of internalization factors and employees’ competitive behavior in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The empirical findings suggest that the integration of religious orientation brings better results along with the other determinants (subjective norm, attitude, behavior control and intention) of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Further, this study indicates the significant direct relationship between religious orientation, attitude, perceived control and intention with employee behavior, except for subjective norms and intention, which shows an insignificant relationship. This empirical findings suggest that owners and managers of SMEs should place some efforts in providing support to increase religious orientation in SMEs, as this would likely to enhance all other factors. This study reports unique empirical findings to support the generalizability of the theory while also adding a new facet to the TPB by using SMEs as a social lab and data from a developing country.
本研究旨在探讨中小企业内部化因素对员工竞争行为的适应性。实证结果表明,宗教取向的整合与计划行为理论的其他决定因素(主观规范、态度、行为控制和意图)一起带来了更好的结果。此外,本研究表明,宗教取向、态度、感知控制和意图与员工行为之间存在显著的直接关系,但主观规范和意图除外,这一关系并不显著。这一实证结果表明,中小企业的所有者和管理者应该努力提供支持,以增加中小企业的宗教倾向,因为这可能会增强所有其他因素。这项研究报告了独特的实证结果,以支持该理论的可推广性,同时通过使用中小企业作为社会实验室和来自发展中国家的数据,为TPB增加了一个新的方面。
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引用次数: 6
Nascent Entrepreneurs Managing in Networks: Equivocality, Multiplexity and Tie Formation 网络管理中的新生企业家:模糊性、多元性与关系形成
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500036
Thommie Burström, Jussi Harri, T. Wilson
This paper studies the dynamics of network development in early phases of venture development. Seven ventures were studied through interviews and visualization techniques. An equivocal three-phase process was studied — conceptualization, early foundation and early establishment. This paper defines network equivocality, draw on multiplexity theory and contributes by fine-tuning the concept of tie formation. The paper presents a conceptual model where the dynamics behind network development in early phases of venture development is explained. It is proposed that each phase of development is divided by knowledge boundaries. As ventures mature, they pass knowledge boundaries, and this passage triggers network transformation. Thus, the roles of both nascent firms and of multiplex network contacts change, and consequently tie formation also change. Three distinct tie formations are identified; esoteric, enlarged and exoteric.
本文研究了创业发展初期网络发展的动态。通过访谈和可视化技术研究了七家企业。研究了一个模棱两可的过程:概念化、早期建立、早期建立。本文对网络的模糊性进行了定义,借鉴了多重性理论,并对关系形成的概念进行了微调。本文提出了一个概念模型,其中解释了风险发展早期阶段网络发展背后的动态。提出用知识边界划分每个发展阶段。随着企业的成熟,它们会跨越知识边界,这一跨越引发了网络转型。因此,新生企业和多重网络联系人的角色都发生了变化,因此关系的形成也发生了变化。确定了三种不同的地层;深奥的,扩大的和开放的
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引用次数: 1
Risk-Taking Propensity and Entrepreneurship: The Role of Power Distance 冒险倾向与创业:权力距离的作用
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500012
Jasna Auer Antoncic, B. Antoncic, Matjaz Gantar, R. Hisrich, Lawrence J. Marks, A. A. Bachkirov, Z. Li, P. Polzin, J. Borges, A. Coelho, Marja-Liisa Kakkonen
The personal characteristics of entrepreneurs can be importantly related to entrepreneurial startup intentions and behaviors. A country-moderated hypothesis including the relationship between an individual’s risk-taking propensity and entrepreneurship (behaviors or intentions of the person) was conceptually developed and empirically tested in this study. The data collection was performed through a structured questionnaire. Multinominal logistic regression was used for analyzing data obtained from 1,414 students in six countries. The crucial contribution of this research is the clarification of the character of risk-taking propensity in entrepreneurship and the indication that the risk-taking propensity-entrepreneurship relationship can be moderated contingent on power distance.
企业家的个人特征与创业的意图和行为有着重要的关系。本研究在概念上提出了一个国家调节的假设,包括个人的冒险倾向和企业家精神(个人的行为或意图)之间的关系。数据收集是通过结构化问卷进行的。使用多项逻辑回归分析了来自6个国家的1414名学生的数据。本研究的重要贡献在于阐明了创业风险倾向的特征,并指出风险倾向与创业的关系可以根据权力距离而调节。
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引用次数: 47
Entrepreneurial Intention: An Exploratory Study of Fashion Students 创业意向:服装专业学生的探索性研究
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500024
Li Zhao, Lizhu Davis, L. Copeland
Consumers’ new shopping patterns and emerging technologies have created various opportunities, as well as challenges for fashion entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship education plays a vital role in cultivating entrepreneurship and innovation, and can help to shape a person’s entrepreneurial disposition, skills, and competence (Kuratko, 2005), all of which are essential for realization of entrepreneurship in enterprises (Unger et al., 2011). Due to limited research on entrepreneurial intentions of fashion students, it is crucial to discover what factors are relatively more important for cultivating entrepreneurial intentions among fashion students. This study used in-depth interviews with open-ended questions from September 2016 to December 2016 to uncover valuable themes regarding this topic. Findings of this study indicate that both internal and external factors contribute to fashion students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The findings provide valuable insights for policy makers and fashion educators to promote entrepreneurship education and provide better support for fashion students to pursue entrepreneurial success.
消费者的新购物模式和新兴技术为时尚企业家带来了各种机遇和挑战。创业教育在培养创业和创新方面发挥着至关重要的作用,有助于塑造一个人的创业倾向、技能和能力(Kuratko,2005),所有这些都是在企业中实现创业的关键(Unger et al.,2011)。由于对时尚学生创业意愿的研究有限,因此,发现哪些因素对培养时尚学生的创业意愿相对更重要至关重要。本研究使用了2016年9月至2016年12月的开放式问题深度访谈,以揭示与该主题相关的有价值的主题。本研究的结果表明,内部和外部因素都有助于时尚学生的创业意愿。研究结果为政策制定者和时尚教育工作者推广创业教育提供了宝贵的见解,并为时尚学生追求创业成功提供了更好的支持。
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引用次数: 10
Family Ownership Goals and Socioemotional Wealth: Evidence from Finnish Family Firms 家族所有制目标与社会运动财富:来自芬兰家族企业的证据
IF 0.8 Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/S0218495818500085
M. Torchia, M. Rautiainen, A. Calabrò, Tuuli Ikäheimonen, Timo Pihkala, Markku Ikävalko
By focusing on family owners’ perceptions and dynamics the aim of this paper is to understand the specific goals associated to their ownership status and whether and to what extend they impact on family firms’ growth and continuity. We use survey data on Finnish family firms and identify a set of differentiated family owners’ goals. Our findings contribute to the debate on differentiating socioemotional wealth by untangling the existence of variations in family principals’ goal setting and the importance to also consider that financial motives could determine family owners’ goals.
通过关注家族企业主的感知和动态,本文的目的是了解与其所有权状况相关的具体目标,以及这些目标是否以及在多大程度上影响家族企业的成长和连续性。我们使用了芬兰家族企业的调查数据,并确定了一组差异化的家族企业主目标。我们的研究结果通过解开家庭负责人目标设定中差异的存在以及考虑经济动机可以决定家庭所有者目标的重要性,为区分社会情感财富的辩论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Journal of Enterprising Culture
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