Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1142/s0218495821500151
André L. Cavalcanti, J. Ferreira
Based on a systematic review of the literature, this article seeks to analyse the main questions, interpretations, and typologies for minority entrepreneurship over recent decades. To this end, we made recourse to the Scopus database for our article collection process that returned 220 articles for analysis. The results enable the identification of seven congruent research units (categories), with their own respective approaches and contributions: i) attitudes and motivations; ii) barriers and challenges; iii) interventionist policies and cultures; iv) comparisons between minorities and non-minorities; v) networks and resources; vi) impact on the local economy; vii) autonomous employment or entrepreneurship through need. This study further contributes by enabling future researchers to target their efforts on the still poorly explored shortcomings in the literature and providing a temporal overview of this theme.
{"title":"What Are the Main Questions, Approaches and Interpretations on Minority Entrepreneurship Literature? A Systematic Review","authors":"André L. Cavalcanti, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500151","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a systematic review of the literature, this article seeks to analyse the main questions, interpretations, and typologies for minority entrepreneurship over recent decades. To this end, we made recourse to the Scopus database for our article collection process that returned 220 articles for analysis. The results enable the identification of seven congruent research units (categories), with their own respective approaches and contributions: i) attitudes and motivations; ii) barriers and challenges; iii) interventionist policies and cultures; iv) comparisons between minorities and non-minorities; v) networks and resources; vi) impact on the local economy; vii) autonomous employment or entrepreneurship through need. This study further contributes by enabling future researchers to target their efforts on the still poorly explored shortcomings in the literature and providing a temporal overview of this theme.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47234633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1142/s0218495821500163
B. Paul, Andie Hyppolite, Claudel Mombeuil, R. Cadet
There is a scarcity of studies that investigate the underlying factors that boost aspiring entrepreneurs to effectively start a business after attending entrepreneurship education (EE) programs, particularly in an adverse business environment. To fill out this gap, this exploratory research answers the following question: What differentiates business creators from non-creators among participants after entrepreneurship education? To answer this question, we compare a group of 64 business creators to a group of 50 non-business creators, both groups selected randomly among 912 participants to an EE program in Haiti three years after the end of the program. Based on an institutional perspective, our results show that, in the context of an adverse business environment, participants who came from a family with an entrepreneurial background, have a useful network of contacts, and showed adaptive institutional reaction were more likely to create their business, in comparison to the others. Based on these results suggestions for EE training and future studies are provided.
{"title":"Business Creation Among Participants in Entrepreneurship Education Programs: A Case Study Among University-Level Participants in a Context of Adverse Business Environment","authors":"B. Paul, Andie Hyppolite, Claudel Mombeuil, R. Cadet","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500163","url":null,"abstract":"There is a scarcity of studies that investigate the underlying factors that boost aspiring entrepreneurs to effectively start a business after attending entrepreneurship education (EE) programs, particularly in an adverse business environment. To fill out this gap, this exploratory research answers the following question: What differentiates business creators from non-creators among participants after entrepreneurship education? To answer this question, we compare a group of 64 business creators to a group of 50 non-business creators, both groups selected randomly among 912 participants to an EE program in Haiti three years after the end of the program. Based on an institutional perspective, our results show that, in the context of an adverse business environment, participants who came from a family with an entrepreneurial background, have a useful network of contacts, and showed adaptive institutional reaction were more likely to create their business, in comparison to the others. Based on these results suggestions for EE training and future studies are provided.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43712093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing new services is vital for a service-based company to succeed in the long run. This requires both innovation capability and understanding customer needs. Previous research has shown that if a firm wishes to develop an innovation superior to the competition, it must have both a strong technology orientation and a strong market orientation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of market orientation and technology orientation on service innovation capability in SMEs operating in the field of social and health care. In addition, this study examined the obstacles to using digitalization and new technologies in service innovations. Mixed methods design was applied so both quantitative and qualitative data was used. The results from the quantitative part of this study show that both technology orientation and market orientation have a positive and statistically significant effect on service innovation capability in SMEs operating in the field of social and health care. Furthermore, market orientation is the most important variable in the model. The results from the qualitative element again show that some of the hindering factors of using digitalization and new technologies arise from practices and attitudes of social and health care actors but others arise from the digitalization and new technologies themselves.
{"title":"Service Innovation Capability in Social and Health Care SMEs: The Impact of Market Orientation and Technology Orientation","authors":"Sanna Joensuu-Salo, Emilia Kangas, Jutta Mäkipelkola","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500138","url":null,"abstract":"Developing new services is vital for a service-based company to succeed in the long run. This requires both innovation capability and understanding customer needs. Previous research has shown that if a firm wishes to develop an innovation superior to the competition, it must have both a strong technology orientation and a strong market orientation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of market orientation and technology orientation on service innovation capability in SMEs operating in the field of social and health care. In addition, this study examined the obstacles to using digitalization and new technologies in service innovations. Mixed methods design was applied so both quantitative and qualitative data was used. The results from the quantitative part of this study show that both technology orientation and market orientation have a positive and statistically significant effect on service innovation capability in SMEs operating in the field of social and health care. Furthermore, market orientation is the most important variable in the model. The results from the qualitative element again show that some of the hindering factors of using digitalization and new technologies arise from practices and attitudes of social and health care actors but others arise from the digitalization and new technologies themselves.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1142/s021849582150014x
Jasna Auer Antoncic, Draško Veselinovič, B. Antoncic, Dalma Lorena Grbec, Zhaoyang Li
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy can have positive effects on entrepreneurship, company start-ups, and business growth. The family business environment has not yet been studied in relation to financial-self efficacy, a dimension of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In order to address this research gap, this paper focuses on financial self-efficacy and how it relates to its antecedent — the family business environment. This study contributes to a better understanding of how financial self-efficacy has developed in the family business environment by building and checking a normative model. A hypothesis about family business environment experience and the financial self-efficacy relationship was developed and empirically tested using survey data from two countries. The findings of this research reveal the family business environment can make a difference in financial self-efficacy in certain economic contexts.
{"title":"Financial Self-Efficacy in Family Business Environments","authors":"Jasna Auer Antoncic, Draško Veselinovič, B. Antoncic, Dalma Lorena Grbec, Zhaoyang Li","doi":"10.1142/s021849582150014x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s021849582150014x","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurial self-efficacy can have positive effects on entrepreneurship, company start-ups, and business growth. The family business environment has not yet been studied in relation to financial-self efficacy, a dimension of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In order to address this research gap, this paper focuses on financial self-efficacy and how it relates to its antecedent — the family business environment. This study contributes to a better understanding of how financial self-efficacy has developed in the family business environment by building and checking a normative model. A hypothesis about family business environment experience and the financial self-efficacy relationship was developed and empirically tested using survey data from two countries. The findings of this research reveal the family business environment can make a difference in financial self-efficacy in certain economic contexts.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43746090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.1142/s0218495821500011
Ruifang Wang, P. Gibbons, Ciaran Heavey
Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) has attracted increased research attention, given its dual focus on creating competitive advantage and exploiting new opportunities. While research interest in SE has grown at a rapid pace in the past two decades, understanding of its microfoundations is limited. This conceptual paper contributes to the development of understating from a middle management perspective. It argues that middle managers’ five strategic roles serve as the microfoundations to firm’s SE. It also drills down to explore individual differences as antecedents in shaping these roles. This paper develops a research framework along with fine-grained propositions, aimed to shed light on future research and implications for practice.
{"title":"The Microfoundations of Strategic Entrepreneurship: A Middle Management Perspective","authors":"Ruifang Wang, P. Gibbons, Ciaran Heavey","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500011","url":null,"abstract":"Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) has attracted increased research attention, given its dual focus on creating competitive advantage and exploiting new opportunities. While research interest in SE has grown at a rapid pace in the past two decades, understanding of its microfoundations is limited. This conceptual paper contributes to the development of understating from a middle management perspective. It argues that middle managers’ five strategic roles serve as the microfoundations to firm’s SE. It also drills down to explore individual differences as antecedents in shaping these roles. This paper develops a research framework along with fine-grained propositions, aimed to shed light on future research and implications for practice.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45984669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1142/s0218495821500072
Ahlem Omri, Y. Boujelbene
Little research on Entrepreneurial Teams (ET) has sought to understand how team processes may influence organizational outcomes. In this paper, we unite upper echelon theory to provide a deeper understanding of which entrepreneurial team dynamics, directly, or indirectly through decision quality, result in entrepreneurial team success. In order to do so, we build upon data collected from 225 entrepreneurial teams from Sfax region. Based on structural equation modeling, the findings demonstrate that shared leadership among entrepreneurial teams indirectly and positively affect ET success, and that decision quality mediates the relationship between ET communication and ET success. Our research contributes to the upper-echelons theory and ET literature by drawing attention to the team dynamics and social interaction between team members, and their implications for entrepreneurial team success.
{"title":"Team Dynamics and Entrepreneurial Team Success: The Mediating Role of Decision Quality","authors":"Ahlem Omri, Y. Boujelbene","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500072","url":null,"abstract":"Little research on Entrepreneurial Teams (ET) has sought to understand how team processes may influence organizational outcomes. In this paper, we unite upper echelon theory to provide a deeper understanding of which entrepreneurial team dynamics, directly, or indirectly through decision quality, result in entrepreneurial team success. In order to do so, we build upon data collected from 225 entrepreneurial teams from Sfax region. Based on structural equation modeling, the findings demonstrate that shared leadership among entrepreneurial teams indirectly and positively affect ET success, and that decision quality mediates the relationship between ET communication and ET success. Our research contributes to the upper-echelons theory and ET literature by drawing attention to the team dynamics and social interaction between team members, and their implications for entrepreneurial team success.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43596913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The success rate of crowdfunding has boosted SME growth in developed countries, while the developing nations have not taken advantage of it. This study formulated five hypotheses from some determinants of crowdfunding success, and the outcome demonstrated that all the constructs were supported. The results provided R2 values of the constructs with repercussions on the research proposed model signifying 84.1% variance of crowdfunding success rate for SMEs in the West Africa Region. Using the Important-Performance Matrix Analysis to examine further revealed crowdfunding platform availability had the highest total effect value of 0.890. However, SMEs’ initial capital requirement and duration involved in raising the required funds also affect crowdfunding success rate in terms of performance with an index value of 72.692.
{"title":"Determinant Factors of Crowdfunding Success and Its Influence on SMEs in West African Countries","authors":"Djimesah Isaac Edem, Hongjiang Zhao, Okine Agnes Naa Dedei, Duah Elijah","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500060","url":null,"abstract":"The success rate of crowdfunding has boosted SME growth in developed countries, while the developing nations have not taken advantage of it. This study formulated five hypotheses from some determinants of crowdfunding success, and the outcome demonstrated that all the constructs were supported. The results provided R2 values of the constructs with repercussions on the research proposed model signifying 84.1% variance of crowdfunding success rate for SMEs in the West Africa Region. Using the Important-Performance Matrix Analysis to examine further revealed crowdfunding platform availability had the highest total effect value of 0.890. However, SMEs’ initial capital requirement and duration involved in raising the required funds also affect crowdfunding success rate in terms of performance with an index value of 72.692.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1142/s0218495821500084
F. Rettberg, Peter Witt
Governments all over the world support innovation activities in private companies with several different programs. Typical measures are R&D subsidies, consulting services, incubator facilities, opportunities for networking, and subsidized loans. From an economic perspective, public support for innovations may help to compensate for market failure. But government support encounters the risk of being neither effective nor efficient. Furthermore, the ability of a company to successfully apply for public innovation support programs depends on the amount of administrative resources it already is equipped with, i.e. its size and its existing relationships with research institutions. In this paper, we look at public support for private companies in one specific German region, the Ruhr area. We use a sample of 74 companies, all of which engage in R&D activities and have already filed patents. Our findings show that firms need a minimum company size to be able to successfully apply for public innovation support. Furthermore, we show that an existing cooperation with research institutions makes access to public support measures easier. We also find that public innovation support indeed improves the patent position of companies.
{"title":"Access to Government Support for Innovation — Empirical Evidence From the Ruhr Area in Germany","authors":"F. Rettberg, Peter Witt","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500084","url":null,"abstract":"Governments all over the world support innovation activities in private companies with several different programs. Typical measures are R&D subsidies, consulting services, incubator facilities, opportunities for networking, and subsidized loans. From an economic perspective, public support for innovations may help to compensate for market failure. But government support encounters the risk of being neither effective nor efficient. Furthermore, the ability of a company to successfully apply for public innovation support programs depends on the amount of administrative resources it already is equipped with, i.e. its size and its existing relationships with research institutions. In this paper, we look at public support for private companies in one specific German region, the Ruhr area. We use a sample of 74 companies, all of which engage in R&D activities and have already filed patents. Our findings show that firms need a minimum company size to be able to successfully apply for public innovation support. Furthermore, we show that an existing cooperation with research institutions makes access to public support measures easier. We also find that public innovation support indeed improves the patent position of companies.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42120122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1142/s0218495821500059
Hedi Yezza, Didier Chabaud, A. Calabrò
The succession process can be a traumatic event in the life cycle of a family firm and is usually characterised by an increased interest towards the firm of the successor accompanied by a progressive disengagement of the predecessor. Drawing on five longitudinal case studies of Tunisian family firms examined from 2016 to 2019, we investigated the sequential and dynamic nature of this process, focusing on the conflicts among family members involved in the process. The main findings suggest that professional and family-related conflicts can lead to excessive tensions between the involved parties, which can result in failure of the succession process. Moreover, specific contingency factors, such as tragic events, can positively or negatively trigger deviation from the succession process path.
{"title":"Dynamics of Conflicts in Family Firms: Towards a Non-Linear Approach to the Succession Process","authors":"Hedi Yezza, Didier Chabaud, A. Calabrò","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500059","url":null,"abstract":"The succession process can be a traumatic event in the life cycle of a family firm and is usually characterised by an increased interest towards the firm of the successor accompanied by a progressive disengagement of the predecessor. Drawing on five longitudinal case studies of Tunisian family firms examined from 2016 to 2019, we investigated the sequential and dynamic nature of this process, focusing on the conflicts among family members involved in the process. The main findings suggest that professional and family-related conflicts can lead to excessive tensions between the involved parties, which can result in failure of the succession process. Moreover, specific contingency factors, such as tragic events, can positively or negatively trigger deviation from the succession process path.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1142/s0218495821500023
Florence Krémer, Estèle Jouison
Our work aims at contributing to research on entrepreneurship pedagogy by designing and testing a skills framework to evaluate the outcomes of pedagogical programs in entrepreneurship. A literature review was conducted to clarify the concept of skills. The first part of this article describes the components of the 17 main entrepreneurial skills identified in the literature (both transversal and specific to entrepreneurship). A post hoc experimental plan was chosen so that the results may be replicated. Data were collected online among business students and 444 completed forms were returned. The survey instrument was tested empirically by comparing the experimental group (265 participants of an entrepreneurship seminar) with the control group (179 non-participants). Results show the value of using a complete evaluation grid when evaluating a pedagogical program in entrepreneurship. Indeed, many transversal skills may evolve positively, not just the skills that are specific to entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Definition and Testing of a Skills Framework to Evaluate the Effect of a Pedagogical Program in Entrepreneurship","authors":"Florence Krémer, Estèle Jouison","doi":"10.1142/s0218495821500023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500023","url":null,"abstract":"Our work aims at contributing to research on entrepreneurship pedagogy by designing and testing a skills framework to evaluate the outcomes of pedagogical programs in entrepreneurship. A literature review was conducted to clarify the concept of skills. The first part of this article describes the components of the 17 main entrepreneurial skills identified in the literature (both transversal and specific to entrepreneurship). A post hoc experimental plan was chosen so that the results may be replicated. Data were collected online among business students and 444 completed forms were returned. The survey instrument was tested empirically by comparing the experimental group (265 participants of an entrepreneurship seminar) with the control group (179 non-participants). Results show the value of using a complete evaluation grid when evaluating a pedagogical program in entrepreneurship. Indeed, many transversal skills may evolve positively, not just the skills that are specific to entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":45304,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Enterprising Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46274986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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