Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10713975
Michael A. Kozakowski
Abstract This article analyzes the history of adult vocational training (AVT) programs for Algerian migrants, funded by the French state, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the aftermath of Algerian independence in 1962. These programs responded to the postwar expansion of citizenship and rights of indigenous Algerians, including rights to migrate and to take jobs in metropolitan France. Across changing governments and diverse ministries, French officials were convinced that vocational training was necessary for indigenous Algerians to find stable employment, to mitigate the supposed risks of migration, and to enable migrants to transform themselves into an idealized version of the French citizen. The widespread adoption of AVT for Algerian migrants calls into question the pervasive image of the unskilled, interchangeable migrant. At the same time, the shortcomings of AVT programs shed light on how migrants frequently contributed to postwar economic expansion and economic modernization while enjoying the fruits of economic growth only meagerly and on an individual basis. More broadly, this study reveals the importance of skill, industry, and labor in French postwar conceptions of (social) citizenship.
{"title":"The Skills of Citizenship","authors":"Michael A. Kozakowski","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10713975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10713975","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyzes the history of adult vocational training (AVT) programs for Algerian migrants, funded by the French state, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the aftermath of Algerian independence in 1962. These programs responded to the postwar expansion of citizenship and rights of indigenous Algerians, including rights to migrate and to take jobs in metropolitan France. Across changing governments and diverse ministries, French officials were convinced that vocational training was necessary for indigenous Algerians to find stable employment, to mitigate the supposed risks of migration, and to enable migrants to transform themselves into an idealized version of the French citizen. The widespread adoption of AVT for Algerian migrants calls into question the pervasive image of the unskilled, interchangeable migrant. At the same time, the shortcomings of AVT programs shed light on how migrants frequently contributed to postwar economic expansion and economic modernization while enjoying the fruits of economic growth only meagerly and on an individual basis. More broadly, this study reveals the importance of skill, industry, and labor in French postwar conceptions of (social) citizenship.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10713947
Marcel Deperne
Précis En 1787, l'Ordonnance du Nord-Ouest ouvre à la colonisation les immenses territoires situés à l'ouest des Appalaches. Un même esprit révolutionnaire, inspiré par les Lumières, s'empare au même moment des Etats-Unis et de la France et pousse migrants, exilés, et réfugiés à voir en la jeune république américaine un havre de paix et un pays de cocagne propice à l'accomplissement de leur « rêve américain ». Dans un monde en pleine mutation, ils partent donc, malgré leurs différences de parcours et de personnalité, avec le seul projet commun de « tenter la fortune ». « Français » venus de France ou d'autres pays francophones et réfugiés de Saint-Domingue forment une vaste nébuleuse composée d'individus isolés, anciens membres déçus des sociétés de colonisation, ou de commerçants, spéculateurs ou hommes d'affaires. Connectés aux réseaux des ports atlantiques, ils développent dans la haute vallée de l'Ohio et le Kentucky, région-carrefour et lieu de toutes les mobilités, un grand réseau d'affaires.
{"title":"Le réseau d'affaires francophone dans la haute vallée de l'Ohio et le Kentucky entre 1783 et 1815","authors":"Marcel Deperne","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10713947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10713947","url":null,"abstract":"Précis En 1787, l'Ordonnance du Nord-Ouest ouvre à la colonisation les immenses territoires situés à l'ouest des Appalaches. Un même esprit révolutionnaire, inspiré par les Lumières, s'empare au même moment des Etats-Unis et de la France et pousse migrants, exilés, et réfugiés à voir en la jeune république américaine un havre de paix et un pays de cocagne propice à l'accomplissement de leur « rêve américain ». Dans un monde en pleine mutation, ils partent donc, malgré leurs différences de parcours et de personnalité, avec le seul projet commun de « tenter la fortune ». « Français » venus de France ou d'autres pays francophones et réfugiés de Saint-Domingue forment une vaste nébuleuse composée d'individus isolés, anciens membres déçus des sociétés de colonisation, ou de commerçants, spéculateurs ou hommes d'affaires. Connectés aux réseaux des ports atlantiques, ils développent dans la haute vallée de l'Ohio et le Kentucky, région-carrefour et lieu de toutes les mobilités, un grand réseau d'affaires.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10714017
Sarah Sussman
This bibliography is designed to introduce readers to recent publications on French history, broadly defined. It is organized according to commonly recognized periods, with works that bridge multiple categories listed under “General and Miscellaneous.”
{"title":"Recent Books and Dissertations on French History","authors":"Sarah Sussman","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10714017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10714017","url":null,"abstract":"This bibliography is designed to introduce readers to recent publications on French history, broadly defined. It is organized according to commonly recognized periods, with works that bridge multiple categories listed under “General and Miscellaneous.”","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10713961
Brianne Dolce
Abstract During the nineteenth century the medieval history of the city of Arras became increasingly important for cultivation of the literary and musical history of the French nation. Modern scholars typically cast the remarkable culture of medieval Arras within the context of France, largely erasing the city's complex geopolitical position during the medieval period. This article argues that the historiography is more complicated, revealing scholars who attempted to claim medieval Arrageois culture for Belgium, as well as scholars whose regionalist approach to cultural history defied contemporary nationalist currents on either side of the Franco-Belgian border. In showing the variety of nineteenth-century approaches to writing the cultural history of this important medieval center, the article argues that Arras and its history provide a useful context for understanding how the nascent Belgian nation curated and understood its past.
{"title":"A Disputed Inheritance","authors":"Brianne Dolce","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10713961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10713961","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the nineteenth century the medieval history of the city of Arras became increasingly important for cultivation of the literary and musical history of the French nation. Modern scholars typically cast the remarkable culture of medieval Arras within the context of France, largely erasing the city's complex geopolitical position during the medieval period. This article argues that the historiography is more complicated, revealing scholars who attempted to claim medieval Arrageois culture for Belgium, as well as scholars whose regionalist approach to cultural history defied contemporary nationalist currents on either side of the Franco-Belgian border. In showing the variety of nineteenth-century approaches to writing the cultural history of this important medieval center, the article argues that Arras and its history provide a useful context for understanding how the nascent Belgian nation curated and understood its past.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10713989
Etienne Lock
Les publications connues jusqu'alors sur le Premier Congrès des écrivains et artistes noirs qui s'est tenu à Paris en 1956 ne mettent pas en exergue la religion comme une dimension importante de l'identité culturelle négro-africaine que promouvait cet événement. Pourtant au sortir de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, la lutte des peuples noirs contre le colonialisme consiste en une remise en cause de ses structures, de ses manifestations et de ses différentes composantes, dont la religion chrétienne dans sa facture occidentale. Et de fait ce congrès, tenu à l'université de la Sorbonne, s'inscrivant dans cette dynamique, n'a par conséquent pas négligé la religion chrétienne. C'est dans cette mesure qu'il est aussi important de mettre en lumière l’écho de cet événement au sein de l'Eglise catholique, pour ce qui est de sa réception, notamment dans l'empire colonial français.
{"title":"Le Premier Congrès des écrivains et artistes noirs (1956) et l'Eglise catholique dans l'empire colonial français","authors":"Etienne Lock","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10713989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10713989","url":null,"abstract":"Les publications connues jusqu'alors sur le Premier Congrès des écrivains et artistes noirs qui s'est tenu à Paris en 1956 ne mettent pas en exergue la religion comme une dimension importante de l'identité culturelle négro-africaine que promouvait cet événement. Pourtant au sortir de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, la lutte des peuples noirs contre le colonialisme consiste en une remise en cause de ses structures, de ses manifestations et de ses différentes composantes, dont la religion chrétienne dans sa facture occidentale. Et de fait ce congrès, tenu à l'université de la Sorbonne, s'inscrivant dans cette dynamique, n'a par conséquent pas négligé la religion chrétienne. C'est dans cette mesure qu'il est aussi important de mettre en lumière l’écho de cet événement au sein de l'Eglise catholique, pour ce qui est de sa réception, notamment dans l'empire colonial français.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10713933
Victoria E. Thompson
Abstract This article examines discussions of Parisian hôtels particuliers (townhomes) in eighteenth-century texts on architecture and mœurs (mores). It focuses on how exterior decoration was used to comment on the social order and on the relationship between public and private and shows how both were undergoing transformations in the eighteenth century. Exterior decoration meant to indicate the rank of the inhabitant was increasingly obscured by the practices of the wealthy, regardless of rank. The exterior of the townhome was a visible boundary between public (the street) and private (the home); it was also the entrance to residences that often combined private and public functions. Luxury townhomes housed government officials, some of whom bought their public offices. On the Right Bank, many townhomes were built by financiers, who lent privately held funds to the state. In written texts, multiple concerns about the instability of status and wealth focused on townhomes. These texts played a role in the articulation of a public realm completely differentiated from private ownership.
{"title":"The Eighteenth-Century <i>Hôtel Particulier</i>","authors":"Victoria E. Thompson","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10713933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10713933","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines discussions of Parisian hôtels particuliers (townhomes) in eighteenth-century texts on architecture and mœurs (mores). It focuses on how exterior decoration was used to comment on the social order and on the relationship between public and private and shows how both were undergoing transformations in the eighteenth century. Exterior decoration meant to indicate the rank of the inhabitant was increasingly obscured by the practices of the wealthy, regardless of rank. The exterior of the townhome was a visible boundary between public (the street) and private (the home); it was also the entrance to residences that often combined private and public functions. Luxury townhomes housed government officials, some of whom bought their public offices. On the Right Bank, many townhomes were built by financiers, who lent privately held funds to the state. In written texts, multiple concerns about the instability of status and wealth focused on townhomes. These texts played a role in the articulation of a public realm completely differentiated from private ownership.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10454853
Dantzel Cenatiempo
This article explores how Josephine Baker leveraged post–World War I European primitivism to subvert her mostly white male audience's voyeuristic gaze. Baker's youthful experiences with early twentieth-century American minstrelsy fostered many techniques, from cross-dressing to whiteface, that proved useful for navigating her sudden fame in Jazz Age Paris. In particular, Baker's subversive parody of her rival Mistinguett in La joie de Paris in 1932 demonstrates how skin color, despite becoming both fetish and fashion during the interwar period, still fell into colonial hierarchies. Baker used her body to resist this system, moving away from her two-dimensional public image as a nude banana dancer and closer to the World War II agent and antisegregation activist she would soon become. The theories of Sigmund Freud, Frantz Fanon, Joanne B. Eicher, and Laura Mulvey help elucidate how this 1932 performance, by destabilizing gendered and racialized stereotypes, marks a significant turning point in Baker's political consciousness.
{"title":"Ways of Seeing, Ways of Being Seen","authors":"Dantzel Cenatiempo","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10454853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10454853","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores how Josephine Baker leveraged post–World War I European primitivism to subvert her mostly white male audience's voyeuristic gaze. Baker's youthful experiences with early twentieth-century American minstrelsy fostered many techniques, from cross-dressing to whiteface, that proved useful for navigating her sudden fame in Jazz Age Paris. In particular, Baker's subversive parody of her rival Mistinguett in La joie de Paris in 1932 demonstrates how skin color, despite becoming both fetish and fashion during the interwar period, still fell into colonial hierarchies. Baker used her body to resist this system, moving away from her two-dimensional public image as a nude banana dancer and closer to the World War II agent and antisegregation activist she would soon become. The theories of Sigmund Freud, Frantz Fanon, Joanne B. Eicher, and Laura Mulvey help elucidate how this 1932 performance, by destabilizing gendered and racialized stereotypes, marks a significant turning point in Baker's political consciousness.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44611088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10454811
E. Wurtzel
This article focuses on the resurgence of urban bathhouses (called estuves in French after the stoves that heated them) between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries in Paris and other northern French-speaking cities. Popular and widespread institutions, bathhouses contributed to both individual well-being and civic health in cities across the kingdom. Using medical treatises, trial records, literary sources, and archival documentation, the article argues that bathhouses encouraged sociability, brought disparate groups together, and were in fact essential to the circulation and well-being of people in medieval cities as places of emotional community.
{"title":"Passionate Encounters, Public Healing","authors":"E. Wurtzel","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10454811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10454811","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article focuses on the resurgence of urban bathhouses (called estuves in French after the stoves that heated them) between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries in Paris and other northern French-speaking cities. Popular and widespread institutions, bathhouses contributed to both individual well-being and civic health in cities across the kingdom. Using medical treatises, trial records, literary sources, and archival documentation, the article argues that bathhouses encouraged sociability, brought disparate groups together, and were in fact essential to the circulation and well-being of people in medieval cities as places of emotional community.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44783190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10454839
Damien Tricoire
Cet article étudie les origines religieuses de la Révolution, au sens de ce qui a rendu possible l'idée même de révolution. Il suggère que la Révolution a eu des origines religieuses dans un sens bien plus direct que ce que suggèrent les études sur les controverses autour du jansénisme. C'est parce que l'ordre divin était considéré comme supérieur à tout ordre créé par les humains que la rupture avec les coutumes et traditions du royaume a pu être conçue comme légitime. En ce sens, la Révolution française est comparable aux révolutions qui l'ont précédée. Cet article invite à reconsidérer la pensée politique des Lumières françaises, irriguées par la pensée théocratique. La thèse principale est que ce qui change dans la France des Lumières par rapport à celle du XVIIe siècle, c'est une insistance nouvelle sur les lois immuables et éternelles établies par Dieu. Les origines profondes de cette pensée théocratique, qui remontent à la scholastique médiévale, y sont considérées.
{"title":"La cité de Dieu des patriotes","authors":"Damien Tricoire","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10454839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10454839","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cet article étudie les origines religieuses de la Révolution, au sens de ce qui a rendu possible l'idée même de révolution. Il suggère que la Révolution a eu des origines religieuses dans un sens bien plus direct que ce que suggèrent les études sur les controverses autour du jansénisme. C'est parce que l'ordre divin était considéré comme supérieur à tout ordre créé par les humains que la rupture avec les coutumes et traditions du royaume a pu être conçue comme légitime. En ce sens, la Révolution française est comparable aux révolutions qui l'ont précédée. Cet article invite à reconsidérer la pensée politique des Lumières françaises, irriguées par la pensée théocratique. La thèse principale est que ce qui change dans la France des Lumières par rapport à celle du XVIIe siècle, c'est une insistance nouvelle sur les lois immuables et éternelles établies par Dieu. Les origines profondes de cette pensée théocratique, qui remontent à la scholastique médiévale, y sont considérées.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47918477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1215/00161071-10454867
L. Provenzano
From the après-mai 1968 through the end of the 1970s, successive groups of French radicals legitimized revolutionary violence and developed a militant protest culture that challenged the state's monopoly on violence. Most scholars have presented political violence in 1970s France as bound to the trajectories of organized Maoist and Trotskyist groups and as the product of revolutionary ideology that was overcome by experience. This article traces how a cohort of radicals continued to articulate discourses of self-defense, counterviolence, and violence as revolution of the self well into the 1970s. Activists did so because their experiences of conflict confirmed the salience of violent struggle. The article contributes to the historical study of violent phenomena by tracing an approach that integrates the analysis of understandings of violence and experiences of conflictual politics.
{"title":"“The Great Lesson of May '68 Is That Violence Pays”","authors":"L. Provenzano","doi":"10.1215/00161071-10454867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10454867","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 From the après-mai 1968 through the end of the 1970s, successive groups of French radicals legitimized revolutionary violence and developed a militant protest culture that challenged the state's monopoly on violence. Most scholars have presented political violence in 1970s France as bound to the trajectories of organized Maoist and Trotskyist groups and as the product of revolutionary ideology that was overcome by experience. This article traces how a cohort of radicals continued to articulate discourses of self-defense, counterviolence, and violence as revolution of the self well into the 1970s. Activists did so because their experiences of conflict confirmed the salience of violent struggle. The article contributes to the historical study of violent phenomena by tracing an approach that integrates the analysis of understandings of violence and experiences of conflictual politics.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48841812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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