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Moving Teaching Online: Cultural Barriers Experienced by University Teachers During Covid-19 移动在线教学:新冠肺炎期间大学教师经历的文化障碍
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.631
A. Littlejohn, L. Gourlay, E. Kennedy, Kit Logan, Tim Neumann, M. Oliver, J. Potter, J. Rode
This empirical study examines the experiences of academics and professional service staff in a large UK university during first weeks of the transition to online teaching and working from home during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method draws on the work by Gourlay and Oliver (2018) to explore engagement with the digital university in everyday practice. Using data from 412 survey responses and 32 interviews, the study traces varying ways staff characterised themselves during the first months of lockdown in the UK (from March to July, 2020). The findings highlight that university support services underwent a metamorphosis to support the transition to online teaching. However, insufficient attention was paid to the ‘identity crisis’ and threats perceived by academics who were used to teaching students on campus. Academics tended to focus on transferring traditional teaching practices to the online environment, rather than on changing teaching practice, leaving face-to-face teaching as the default point of reference. These cultural barriers are a persistent obstacle to a more productive engagement with digitalisation. Transitioning to online teaching involves continuing existing work while also learning new practices. Such efforts were challenging for teaching staff who did not have dedicated space at home to work and those with caring responsibilities. This, combined with gendered patterns around caring and the extra support needed by students during the crisis, added emotional labour to already-full workloads. We recommend that intersecting forms of disadvantage be acknowledged, supported and rewarded for universities to create sustainable and just futures.
本实证研究调查了英国一所大型大学在新冠肺炎大流行期间过渡到在线教学和在家工作的头几周的学术和专业服务人员的经历。该方法借鉴了Gourlay和Oliver(2018)的工作,探讨了在日常实践中与数字大学的互动。该研究利用412份调查问卷和32次访谈的数据,追踪了在英国封锁的头几个月(2020年3月至7月),员工自我描述的不同方式。研究结果强调,大学支持服务经历了一次蜕变,以支持向在线教学的过渡。然而,对于那些习惯了在校园里给学生授课的学者们所感受到的“身份危机”和威胁,他们并没有给予足够的重视。学者们倾向于将传统的教学实践转移到网络环境中,而不是改变教学实践,将面对面教学作为默认的参考点。这些文化障碍是更有效地参与数字化的持久障碍。过渡到在线教学需要继续现有的工作,同时也要学习新的实践。这种努力对那些在家里没有专门空间工作和有照顾责任的教师来说是具有挑战性的。这一点,再加上危机期间学生需要照顾和额外支持的性别模式,在本已繁重的工作量上增加了情绪劳动。我们建议承认、支持和奖励交叉形式的劣势,以便大学创造可持续和公正的未来。
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引用次数: 16
Caring in Practice, Caring for Knowledge 关爱实践,关爱知识
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.648
Johanna Funk
This paper positions Open Educational Practices (OEP) as adding significant value to pandemic-era online learning. Much of online learning during Covid was characterised as being low quality, and an emphasis on providing care began to override the impact that reformed pedagogy could have in caring for students. Concepts of Indigenous Knowledge Authority, consent, collaboration, situated knowledge in communities of practice can help to frame how caring pedagogy and cognitive compassion can be cultivated. This paper shares the redevelopment and evaluation of a unit of learning called Cultural Capabilities amidst pandemic pedagogy rhetoric in which care for knowledge and online learning is discussed. The focus of this study was to refine the concept of care and compassion pedagogy whilst developing a sustainable model for caring for knowledge as higher education professionals. The learning design process and emergent outcomes of the evaluation for learning design are shared. Student feedback showed significant appreciation for the learning design, affective experiences of the deeper learning facilitated by OEP and relational learning. Australian Covid lockdowns allowed for new approaches to open engagement to practical care and compassionate practices for learning and knowledges. This paper argues that successful OEP can be cultivated with cognitive compassion as a focus instead of a panic-induced care narrative for more sustainable caring academic and professional capabilities as we continue to learn online.
本文将开放教育实践(OEP)定位为为大流行时代的在线学习增加重要价值。新冠疫情期间,许多在线学习的特点是质量低,强调提供护理开始压倒改革后的教学法在照顾学生方面可能产生的影响。土著知识权威、同意、协作、实践社区中的知识等概念可以帮助构建如何培养关怀教学法和认知同情的框架。本文分享了在流行教育学修辞中学习单元文化能力的重新开发和评估,其中讨论了对知识的关注和在线学习。本研究的重点是完善关怀和同情教学法的概念,同时发展一个可持续的模式,以关怀知识作为高等教育专业人员。学习设计过程和学习设计评价的紧急结果是共享的。学生的反馈对学习设计、深度学习的情感体验和关系学习有显著的赞赏。澳大利亚的疫情封锁为开放参与实际护理和富有同情心的学习和知识实践提供了新的方法。本文认为,随着我们继续在网上学习,成功的OEP可以以认知同情为重点,而不是以恐慌引起的护理叙述为重点,以培养更可持续的护理学术和专业能力。
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引用次数: 5
‘Engagement’ Discourses and the Student Voice: Connectedness, Questioning and Inclusion in Post-Covid Digital Practices “参与”话语和学生的声音:后covid数字实践中的连通性、质疑和包容
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.655
L. Gourlay, Kristyna Campbell, Lauren Clark, C. Crisan, Evi Katsapi, Katherine Riding, I. Warwick
The Covid-19 crisis has led to a rapid pivot to online teaching and student engagement across higher education internationally, due to public health ‘lockdown’ measures. In March 2020 in the UK this move was sudden, and universities were forced to move their provision to digital formats with little preparatory time, and in many cases, inadequate training and experience. In the subsequent period, higher education institutions have prioritised the enhancement of digital education, with a range of strategic initiatives and training programmes for teaching staff. This paper, written by a staff-student partnership of authors, reports on two institutionally-supported studies conducted at a large, research-focused university in England, in which student views were sought on their experiences and priorities surrounding online engagement during the Covid-19 crisis. In our discussion of the findings, we argue that the student accounts challenge some of the mainstream assumptions about constructs such as student ‘inclusivity’, academic ‘community’ online, and teaching which encourages ‘questioning’, requiring us to think more deeply about what constitutes a meaningful and rich online educative experience. In the spirit of ‘lessons learned’ from the Covid-19 pandemic, the paper proposes alternative conceptions of these values, emphasising relationality, communities, difference, and the importance of an ethos of care. We conclude with a discussion of findings, implications for theory, research, policy and practice in a post-pandemic context, proposing that an ethos of care be recognised as central to the development of digital education and the practices and ethics of student engagement.
由于公共卫生“封锁”措施,新冠肺炎危机导致国际高等教育迅速转向在线教学和学生参与。2020年3月,在英国,这一举措是突然的,大学被迫将其课程转移到数字格式,几乎没有准备时间,而且在许多情况下,培训和经验不足。在随后的一段时间里,高等教育机构优先考虑加强数字教育,为教职员工制定了一系列战略举措和培训计划。这篇论文由一个员工-学生合作作者撰写,报道了在英国一所以研究为重点的大型大学进行的两项由机构支持的研究,在这些研究中,学生们就他们在新冠肺炎危机期间在线参与的经历和优先事项征求了意见。在我们对研究结果的讨论中,我们认为,学生账户挑战了一些关于学生“包容性”、在线学术“社区”和鼓励“提问”的教学等结构的主流假设,要求我们更深入地思考什么是有意义和丰富的在线教育体验。本着从新冠肺炎大流行中“吸取教训”的精神,该论文提出了这些价值观的替代概念,强调关系、社区、差异和护理精神的重要性。最后,我们讨论了疫情后背景下的研究结果、对理论、研究、政策和实践的影响,建议将关爱精神视为数字教育发展以及学生参与实践和道德的核心。
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引用次数: 10
Emergency Remote Teaching During COVID19: The Role of Teachers’ Online Community of Practice (CoP) in Times of Crisis COVID-19期间的紧急远程教学:教师在线实践社区(CoP)在危机时期的作用
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.617
M. Ulla, W. F. Perales
While previous studies in the literature may have used the concept of a community of practice (CoP) to investigate its role for teachers’ professional development, this study identifies the role of a teachers’ CoP in navigating the challenges in online/remote teaching faced by six teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in a university in Thailand during the COVID19 pandemic. This study employed a purposive-convenience sampling method with an individual online interview to gather qualitative data. Findings revealed that although teacher-participants pointed out the lack of students’ interaction, lack of time to do assessment and feedback, and the lack of students’ concentration in online teaching, they greatly acknowledged the role of the teachers’ CoP in navigating the demands and challenges of online teaching during the pandemic. Some of the ascribed roles of the teachers’ CoP in online teaching include; a support group, a source of solutions to online teaching issues, and a learning community. Implications are discussed and suggestions for future studies are offered.
虽然文献中先前的研究可能使用了实践社区(CoP)的概念来调查其对教师专业发展的作用,但本研究确定了教师CoP在应对新冠肺炎疫情期间泰国一所大学六名英语教师在在线/远程教学中面临的挑战方面的作用19。本研究采用了一种有目的的方便抽样方法,通过个人在线访谈来收集定性数据。调查结果显示,尽管教师参与者指出学生缺乏互动,缺乏时间进行评估和反馈,学生在在线教学中缺乏专注力,但他们非常认可教师的CoP在应对疫情期间在线教学的需求和挑战方面的作用。教师CoP在网络教学中的一些角色包括:;一个支持小组,一个在线教学问题解决方案的来源,以及一个学习社区。讨论了其意义,并对未来的研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 22
Teacher Education in the Emergency: a MOOC-Inspired Teacher Professional Development Strategy Grounded in Critical Digital Pedagogy and Pedagogy of Care 紧急情况下的教师教育:基于批判性数字教育学和关怀教育学的基于慕课的教师专业发展战略
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.657
Virgínia Rodés, Mariana Porta, L. Garófalo, C. Enríquez
The Covid-19 pandemic started off a process that would drastically change the ways to teach and learn, deepening and accelerating the relationship between technologies and educational processes, reshaping the Higher Education scenario. The emergency challenged Universidad de la Republica, the main public university in Uruguay, which in turn designed and implemented Emergency Remote Teaching, that allowed the continuity of Higher Education, minimizing academic impacts. Within this frame of action, the Virtual Learning Environments Program elaborated a Contingency Plan for teaching and learning, with an approach that considered Pedagogy of Care and Critical Digital Pedagogy. One of the actions implemented was the Teacher Professional Development Course “Teaching Online in Emergency Conditions”. This experience constitutes a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) -inspired course in Udelar. The article describes this innovative experience in Teacher Professional Development, presents the theoretical basis and methodological approach, the process and main decisions concerning the course design. Also, it describes the achievements of the experience, with the objective of identifying potential benefits of Teacher Professional Development initiatives based on MOOCs in the frame of emergency conditions. It analyzes teachers’ contributions and interactions during the course to assess appropriation of educational principles, methodologies and tools applied to online course redesign in the light of Critical Digital Pedagogy and Pedagogy of Care. The initiative ended up being an enriching alternative to approaching Teacher Professional Development, emphasizing its relevance in the context of rapid response to the transition to Emergency Remote Teaching. This experience adds up empirical data, to a necessary accumulation that would in time, allow more generalizable appreciations.
新冠肺炎疫情启动了一个进程,这将极大地改变教学方式,加深和加速技术与教育进程之间的关系,重塑高等教育的格局。这场紧急事件对乌拉圭主要公立大学共和国大学提出了挑战,该大学反过来设计并实施了紧急远程教学,使高等教育能够持续进行,最大限度地减少学术影响。在这一行动框架内,虚拟学习环境方案制定了一项教学应急计划,其方法考虑了护理教育学和批判性数字教育学。实施的行动之一是教师专业发展课程“紧急情况下的在线教学”。这种体验构成了一个大规模的在线开放课程(MOOC)在乌得拉启发的课程。本文介绍了这一教师专业发展的创新经验,介绍了课程设计的理论基础和方法、过程和主要决策。此外,它还描述了这一经验的成就,目的是确定在紧急情况下基于慕课的教师专业发展举措的潜在好处。它分析了教师在课程中的贡献和互动,以根据批判性数字教育学和护理教育学评估应用于在线课程重新设计的教育原则、方法和工具的占用情况。该倡议最终成为教师专业发展的一个丰富的替代方案,强调了其在快速应对向紧急远程教学过渡的背景下的相关性。这一经验将经验数据加在一起,形成必要的积累,最终允许更普遍的升值。
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引用次数: 11
A Case Study in Mitigating COVID-19 Inequities through Free Textbook Implementation in the U.S. 美国通过免费教科书实施缓解新冠肺炎不公平现象的案例研究。
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.650
Katherine S. Williams, Eric Werth
COVID-19, in addition to disrupting the global education system in general, is widening the economic and racial gaps institutions have spent years trying to address. The economic reality is that students who work to support themselves, their families, and purchase educational materials needed to succeed have been disproportionately harmed. This article discusses how the global COVID-19 pandemic is compounding structural inequities inherent in higher education. This requires faculty to reevaluate their role as agents of change in a world that is fundamentally different than it was a short time ago. The experience of one liberal arts institution in the U.S. who moved all courses to free materials in under six months will be recounted as an example of what is possible during extraordinary circumstances if students are truly prioritized during strategic planning.
新冠肺炎除了扰乱全球教育系统外,还扩大了机构多年来试图解决的经济和种族差距。经济现实是,那些努力养活自己、养家糊口、购买成功所需教育材料的学生受到了不成比例的伤害。本文讨论了全球新冠肺炎疫情如何加剧高等教育固有的结构性不平等。这需要教师们重新评估他们作为变革推动者的角色,这个世界与不久前有着根本的不同。美国一所文科院校在不到六个月的时间里将所有课程改为免费材料,这将被讲述为一个例子,说明如果在战略规划中真正优先考虑学生,在特殊情况下可能会发生什么。
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引用次数: 4
Editorial: Learning from Lockdown Special Collection 社论:从封锁特别收藏中学到的东西
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.698
Katy Jordan, Ann C. Jones
In this collection, after almost a year of the Covid-19 pandemic, authors reflect on its impact on higher education, world-wide; including, amongst other topics, challenges for staff and students; new approaches to teaching; accessibility and the support provided by communities.
在这本书中,在新冠肺炎大流行近一年后,作者反思了它对世界各地高等教育的影响;除其他主题外,还包括教职员工和学生面临的挑战;新的教学方法;无障碍和社区提供的支持。
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引用次数: 1
Barriers in Times of Digital Teaching and Learning – a German Case Study: Challenges and Recommendations for Action 数字化教学时代的障碍——德国案例研究:挑战与行动建议
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.638
Lisa Ulzheimer, Annika Kanzinger, Alina Ziegler, B. Martin, Joerg Zender, Antje Römhild, Christine Leyhe
The Covid-19 pandemic has raised significant challenges for universities. Digital inclusion “of all learners regardless of their circumstances, learning prerequisites and needs” is a major challenge (Walgenbach, Compes & Lambrich 2019: 9, authors’ translation). Starting with accessibility and related concepts such as digital inclusion and digital divide, we intend to create a wider view of barriers in the context of digital teaching and learning. Barriers in online learning environments also arise for people who have previously studied without any barriers (e.g. technical equipment is missing, lack of digital skills). New barriers have been added, and others have been mitigated. For example, the compatibility of family and work has improved in part through asynchronous online formats (Knoblich 2020; Hassel 2020). Digital teaching and learning should enable students to expand their study opportunities and flexibility, not limit them (Traus et al. 2020). This article addresses these and other challenges by quantitatively surveying students and lecturers at the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences about the digital “Corona Semester”. As the results show, a barrier rarely comes alone – students who face one barrier in the digital semester also face others. The article provides initial strategies for dealing with new barriers. Our findings point to a low-barrier learning design and financial or technical support measures. We conclude by pointing out that the establishment of a culture of openness is important if we are to support every student in the learning process in the best possible way and enable (digital) participation and learning.
新冠肺炎大流行给大学带来了重大挑战。“所有学习者不分环境、学习先决条件和需求”的数字包容是一项重大挑战(Walgenbach, Compes & Lambrich 2019: 9,作者翻译)。从可访问性和相关概念(如数字包容和数字鸿沟)开始,我们打算对数字教学背景下的障碍建立一个更广泛的视角。在线学习环境中的障碍也出现在那些以前学习没有任何障碍的人身上(例如缺少技术设备、缺乏数字技能)。新的障碍增加了,其他的也减少了。例如,家庭和工作的兼容性在一定程度上通过异步在线格式得到改善(Knoblich 2020;激战2020)。数字化教学应该使学生能够扩大他们的学习机会和灵活性,而不是限制他们(Traus et al. 2020)。本文通过对莱茵美因应用科学大学的学生和讲师进行关于数字“科罗娜学期”的定量调查,解决了这些问题和其他挑战。结果表明,障碍并非单独出现——在数字学期中面临一个障碍的学生也面临着其他障碍。本文提供了应对新壁垒的初步策略。我们的研究结果指出了低障碍学习设计和财政或技术支持措施。最后,我们指出,如果我们要以最好的方式支持每个学生的学习过程,并实现(数字)参与和学习,那么建立一种开放的文化是很重要的。
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引用次数: 2
Professional Development for Sustaining the ‘Pivot’: The impact of the Learning Design and Course Creation Workshop on Six Belarusian HEIs 保持“支点”的专业发展:学习设计和课程创建研讨会对六所白俄罗斯高等教育机构的影响
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.639
Tom Olney, Siarhei Piashkun
Throughout 2020, and into 2021, national governments were forced at different times to impose ‘lockdown’ on traditional approaches to education to cope with the impact of COVID-19. Higher education institutions (HEI) with face-to-face models scrambled to ‘pivot’ to distance and online learning.  Whilst originally conceived as a temporary measure, the longevity of the virus has raised significant questions about the sustainability of these approaches and revealed a need for teacher professional development (TPD) activity to support teachers in designing learning based on robust distance and online education frameworks. One example of such teacher professional development is the Learning Design and Course Creation (LDCC) Workshop from The Open University UK. Prior to the pandemic, in September 2018, this workshop was attended by staff from six Belarusian HEIs involved in a project titled Enhancement of Lifelong Learning in Belarus (BELL). The 18-month longitudinal study presented here used the Academic Professional Development Effectiveness Framework as a structure to evaluate the impact of this activity on the participants’ practice, and the five courses they were tasked with creating. The findings suggest that on the whole the team-based, reflective and experiential TPD pedagogy employed by the LDCC Workshop was effective in preparing the BELL Project participants for designing and creating their online and blended learning courses and this approach should be utilised effectively to support other HEIs that plan to enhance their distance capacity, either due to COVID-19, or for other reasons.
从2020年到2021年,各国政府被迫在不同时间对传统教育方法实施“封锁”,以应对新冠肺炎的影响。采用面对面模式的高等教育机构争相“转向”远程和在线学习。虽然最初被认为是一种临时措施,但病毒的长期存在对这些方法的可持续性提出了重大问题,并揭示了教师专业发展活动的必要性,以支持教师设计基于强大的远程和在线教育框架的学习。这种教师专业发展的一个例子是英国开放大学的学习设计和课程创建(LDCC)研讨会。在疫情之前,2018年9月,来自六所白俄罗斯高等教育机构的工作人员参加了该研讨会,他们参与了一个名为“加强白俄罗斯终身学习”(BELL)的项目。这里介绍的这项为期18个月的纵向研究使用了学术专业发展有效性框架作为一个结构,来评估这项活动对参与者实践的影响,以及他们负责创建的五门课程。研究结果表明,总体而言,LDCC研讨会采用的基于团队的、反思性的和体验性的TPD教学法有效地为BELL项目参与者设计和创建在线和混合学习课程做好了准备,应有效利用这种方法来支持因新冠肺炎、,或者由于其它原因。
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引用次数: 1
The Choices that Connect Uncertainty and Sustainability: Student-Centred Agile Decision-Making Approaches Used by Universities in Australia and the UK during the COVID-19 Pandemic 连接不确定性和可持续性的选择:澳大利亚和英国大学在COVID-19大流行期间使用的以学生为中心的敏捷决策方法
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5334/jime.649
Tünde Varga-Atkins, Rhona Sharpe, S. Bennett, S. Alexander, A. Littlejohn
Given that universities have significant choices to make about what is retained from our emergency measures, the authors set out to use the record of our biweekly meetings to examine the choices that we have made during the pandemic and how we have made them. In this collaborative reflective article from authors from five different institutions in the UK and Australia, we demonstrate that student-centred decision making emerged unanimously as the core value driving our decision making during the pandemic. In our reflections, supported by our diary notes, we explore and document our decision-making processes relating to educational technology through the lens of agile values and principles in the context of crisis leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss four prominent drivers for student-centred decision making: a) collecting and rapidly sharing student voice data, b) offering more choice in anticipation of diverse needs, c) giving a high priority to equalising access to technology and d) taking responsibility for students in difficult circumstances. In addition, we discuss five emerging data-driven themes – leadership, operational continuity, student welfare, pedagogy and technology infrastructure – and offer insights into student-driven decision making with examples from our respective institutions. The ultimate aim for our reflection is to establish approaches that we value in higher education leadership that we should sustain and to formulate principles for student-centred agile leadership for university education which can serve us during the pandemic and beyond.
鉴于大学对我们的紧急措施中保留的内容有重大选择,作者们开始利用我们每两周一次的会议记录来研究我们在疫情期间做出的选择以及我们是如何做出的。在这篇来自英国和澳大利亚五个不同机构的作者的合作反思文章中,我们证明,在疫情期间,以学生为中心的决策一致成为推动我们决策的核心价值观。在我们的反思中,我们在日记笔记的支持下,通过新冠肺炎大流行期间危机领导背景下的敏捷价值观和原则,探索并记录了我们与教育技术相关的决策过程。我们讨论了以学生为中心的决策的四个主要驱动因素:a)收集和快速共享学生语音数据,b)根据不同的需求提供更多选择,c)高度重视平等获得技术的机会,d)在困难的情况下为学生承担责任。此外,我们还讨论了五个新兴的数据驱动主题——领导力、运营连续性、学生福利、教育学和技术基础设施——并通过我们各自机构的例子,深入了解学生驱动的决策。我们反思的最终目的是建立我们在高等教育领导力中重视的方法,我们应该保持这种方法,并为大学教育制定以学生为中心的敏捷领导力原则,这可以在疫情期间及以后为我们服务。
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引用次数: 3
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Journal of Interactive Media in Education
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