International Review of Social Psychology最新文献

Implicit Theories of the Marital Institution (ITMI) represent beliefs about whether marriage is a fixed or malleable relationship form. ITMI can influence moderate associations between related constructs such as marital beliefs and mate preferences. The current study tested for associations among certain beliefs about marriage (i.e., that roles should be gendered, that a marriage requires substantial effort), preferred characteristics in long-term mates (i.e., the KASER model of mate preferences), and ITMI. A sample of 588 young adults in Iran completed an anonymous survey focused on the constructs of interest. Gender was accounted for in all analyses given the relevance of gender in predominant mate-selection scholarship. Results indicated that the Fixed and Malleable ITMI were unexpectedly positively correlated. Regression analyses identified several interaction effects between marital beliefs and the preferred mate characteristics and a few marital beliefs by ITMI by gender interactions. Findings are explored in light of cultural context and implications for future research.

Within the framework of network analysis of social representations, attention is directed toward individuals' centrality within an opinion network. The objective is to identify the characteristics of those who occupy central positions, as well as those on the periphery. To illustrate this approach, we present a study conducted with 1,000 American voters affiliated with the Republican Party, who were surveyed regarding five climate change adaptation policies. The findings indicate that central individuals in the studied network provide more accurate estimations of perceived consensus within the group. Interestingly, the most peripheral individuals appear to form an active minority, engaging in a higher frequency of social interactions within the group. These results suggest that identifying both central and peripheral individuals may offer new insights for research on social representations.

Affective polarization-antipathy towards members of one's political out-group-may pose challenges to social cohesion and personal wellbeing. Prior studies have suggested that one's affective polarization may cause intrapersonal harm as well as interpersonal harm. It has been associated with reduced social support, increased stress, and worse physical health. This pre-registered study investigated the intrapersonal harm of affective polarization using a six-wave longitudinal survey (N = 470). Affective polarization, social support, perceived stress, and self-rated health were measured fortnightly for three months preceding the 2024 US presidential election. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were employed to investigate the within-person effects of affective polarization on these indicators of wellbeing. Contrary to hypotheses, none of the hypothesized cross-lagged effects were significant, suggesting that changes in affective polarization did not predict changes in social support, stress, or health. However, cross-sectional analyses did reflect past findings, showing that higher levels of affective polarization were associated with lower social support, greater stress, and worse health. We additionally found evidence for perceived stress causing moderate increases in affective polarization. Stable differences by political orientation were also observed in our sample, with liberals reporting higher affective polarization and stress, lower social support, and worse health. Despite the lack of significant effects, potentially due to limitations such as sample size and measurement constraints, our findings underscore the importance of further investigations with appropriate robust designs to clarify the relationship between affective polarization and wellbeing. These results challenge the assumption that affective polarization directly drives declines in wellbeing.

The present research investigates when and how contact among ethnic minority groups members is linked with solidarity, as a joint effort aimed at mitigating social inequalities. Two cross-sectional studies in Belgium (Study 1a) and Turkey (Study 1b) with North African immigrants and Iraqi immigrants respectively, were conducted. Convergent results supported the assumptions that having positive inter-minority contact is linked with solidarity with other ethnic minorities and the association is mediated by affective injustice. In addition, across both studies, having positive inter-minority contact attenuated the link between positive contact with the majority group and lower inter-minority solidarity and it enhanced the link between negative contact with the majority group and higher inter-minority solidarity. Inconsistent results were found for negative inter-minority contact. Only in the Turkish context, it was positively associated with affective injustice that in turn showed an indirect effect in the link between negative inter-minority contact and solidarity. Overall, results underscore the pivotal role of positive inter-minority contact in fostering cooperation among ethnic minority groups and highlight for the first time the complex interplay between the valence of majority-minority and inter-minority contact experiences.

Social representations (SRs) emerge from interactions among members of a group. These interactions enable individuals to share beliefs, build consensus, and maintain shared understandings. While interpersonal communication may initially be driven by the unfamiliarity of SR objects, it can also be motivated by the need for group members to cognitively process these objects when they are perceived as threatening or problematic. Thus, emotions elicited by an object in the social environment may prompt interpersonal communication. Two studies were conducted to test this hypothesis using online questionnaires. The first study (N = 294) revealed a correlation between the emotional tone of individuals' content regarding the SR of AIDS and the number of people with whom they discussed the topic. The second study, focusing on the SR of war (N = 246), confirmed these results. It also showed that social sharing related to "war" as an SR object is mediated by epistemic motivation. These findings are interpreted from a dual perspective: SR theory and the social sharing of emotions paradigm. They suggest that when a SR object evokes emotions, those emotions, in turn, drive the motivation to engage in social sharing.

Sharing economy platforms, such as Airbnb, encourage sellers to display profile photos and other personal information to increase consumer trust and engagement. However, research has shown that consumers rely on this information to discriminate against sellers with certain characteristics (e.g., ethnic minorities). Some sharing economy sellers may therefore choose not to display a profile photo because they wish to conceal their appearance or social identity to prevent discrimination or other unfavorable treatment by consumers or because of general privacy concerns. In four preregistered studies with samples from the United States, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, we examined the consequences of withholding profile profiles. We tested how the presence (vs. absence) of personal photos affects consumer trust and preferences for different sellers. Three experimental studies (total N = 380) suggest that consumers distrust and avoid hosts without a profile photo. In Study 4, we analyzed 461 ride-sharing listings and found that drivers with a profile photo charge higher prices for otherwise equivalent rides. In sum, our results suggest that sharing economy sellers face a tradeoff between anonymity and earning opportunities.

Weight stigma significantly affects the quality of life for individuals with obesity in Western societies. While previous research has used moral foundations theory to predict attitudes toward stigmatized groups, such as the poor, immigrants, and sexual minorities, its application to weight-related stigma remains underexplored. This research explores the relationship between moral foundations, the moralization of obesity, and weight stigma in an underrepresented European context. In a pre-registered correlational study (Study 1), we found that binding and individualizing foundations differentially predicted the moralization of obesity and weight stigma. A follow-up pre-registered experiment (Study 2) suggested that highlighting the societal benefits of purity, a binding moral foundation, over care, an individualizing moral foundation, may increase the moralization of obesity and heighten weight stigma. These findings contribute to deepening understanding of the moral roots of weight stigma and underscore the importance of considering moral values in efforts to mitigate it.

A large number of studies found that relative deprivation leads to destructive behaviors. However, the effects of relative deprivation on behaviors typically deemed constructive, such as self-improvement, remain uncertain. In four studies, the current research provides robust evidence for the negative effect of relative deprivation (X) on self-improvement (Y) and the mediating role of perceived upward economic mobility (M). Specifically, Study 1 (n = 220) preliminarily provided correlational evidence for the above mediation model with well-established measurements. Study 2a (n = 260) and Study 2b (n = 130) applied double randomization designs to manipulate relative deprivation and perceived upward economic mobility separately and showed that direct causal links of each path (X → M, X → Y, and M → Y) existed. Study 3 (n = 780) applied blockage manipulation and showed that intervening in perceived upward economic mobility is a potential cure for relative deprivation. The theoretical and practical implications of the results in the current study as well as future research directions are discussed.

In the mindfulness field, reviews of its clinical effects prevail, along with critical articles on its applications serving neoliberalism. Conversely, less is known of the psychosocial perspective on mindfulness. To address this question, knowledge needs to be gathered on the applied fields and research topics, theoretical frameworks, study designs and methodologies mobilized, main results and levels of explanation in social psychology. We conducted an integrative review of the literature in February 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses methodology using PsychInfo/PsychArticles. One hundred and nine papers met the inclusion criteria. Applied fields encompass well-being, daily social relationships, health and organizations. Only 21 references were embedded in theories. Forty-two percent of the theories were identified as social psychology theories. Most studies were correlational (46%) or experimental (47%) with quantitative methods. The effects of mindfulness are primarily beneficial, with a strong focus on emotion regulation and stress management at both intra- and inter-individual levels, while less attention is given to group or ideological contexts. We argue that research on mindfulness is predominantly conducted using Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic samples, often without considering participants' socio-economic backgrounds. Additionally, the prevailing psychosocial perspective on mindfulness tends to adopt a positivist epistemology, largely situated within micro-level contexts, while overlooking the broader macro-social dimensions of human experience.

We investigated reactions to the emergence of supplanting subgroups among members of dominant subgroups of a social movement. Supplanting subgroups are ideologically and strategically distinct from dominant subgroups and attract social recognition from the general public; thus, they could be perceived as competitors for the status of the movement's prototypical subgroup. Across three experimental studies, we investigated reactions to supplanting subgroups in comparison to allied subgroups within the movement and ideologically opposing groups to the movement. Supplanting subgroups triggered less negative reactions than ideologically opposing groups but more than allied subgroups. Moreover, they triggered similar levels of symbolic and realistic threat and as much (Study 3) or more (Study 2) competition over prototypicality than ideologically opposing groups. Symbolic threat and competition over prototypicality mediated some of the effects of the type of group on intergroup relations. These findings suggest that, along with symbolic threat, competition over prototypicality can play an important role in shaping conflicts within social movements.