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Robustness Tests Replicate Corneille et al.’s (2020) Fake News by Repetition Effect 稳健性测试通过重复效应复制Corneille等人(2020)的假新闻
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.683
J. Béna, O. Corneille, A. Mierop, C. Unkelbach
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引用次数: 4
Young Greeks’ Social Representation of Protest: Dialogical Structure and Ideological Function 希腊青年抗议的社会表征:对话结构与意识形态功能
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.648
Alexandros Vlazakis, A. Baka, Lia Figgou
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引用次数: 0
Unaware Attitude Formation in the Surveillance Task? Revisiting the Findings of Moran et al. (2021) 监视任务中无意识的态度形成?重新审视Moran等人的发现(2021)
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.546
Benedek Kurdi, I. Hussey, Christoph Stahl, Sean Hughes, C. Unkelbach, M. Ferguson, O. Corneille
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引用次数: 4
Are Past and Future Selves Perceived Differently from Present Self? Replication and Extension of Pronin and Ross (2006) Temporal Differences in Trait Self-Ascription 过去和未来的自我与现在的自我不同吗?Pronin和Ross的复制和扩展(2006)特质自归属的时间差异
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.571
N. Adelina, G. Feldman
We attempted a pre-registered replication and extension of Studies 1, 2, and 3 from Pronin and Ross (2006) regarding the effects of social and temporal distance on trait attributions with an online American Amazon MTurk sample (N = 911). We concluded mixed findings. We found support for the original findings: participants attributed more dispositional traits to others compared to themselves, although with weaker effects (original: f = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.61]; replication: f = 0.10, 95% CI [0.03, 0.16]). Also, similar to the original, we found that participants tended to attribute a favorable ratio of positive traits when mak ing self-assessments (original: f = 0.77, 95% CI [0.29, 1.25]; replication: f = 0.88, 95% CI [0.50, 1.26]). However, unlike the original, we failed to find support for the core hypothesis that participants would ascribe more dispositional traits to their temporally distant self compared to their present self (original: f = 0.54, 95% CI [0.27, 0.77]; replication: f = 0.02, 95% CI [0.00, 0.06]). Furthermore, in contrast to the original, we found that the positive traits ratio increases with temporal distance (original: f = 0.16, 95% CI [0.00, 0.36]; replication: f = 0.33, 95% CI [0.22, 0.42] in the opposite direction). Contrary to our hypothesis, in an extension, we found that people were more likely to ascribe a greater ratio of positive traits to their friends than to themselves ( 𝜉 = 0.3, 95% CI [0.21, 0.38]). All materials, data, and code are provided here: https://osf.io/gs2rx/ .
我们尝试对Pronin和Ross(2006)关于社会和时间距离对特征归因的影响的研究1、2和3进行预注册复制和扩展,该研究涉及美国亚马逊MTurk在线样本(N = 911)。我们得出了不同的结论。我们发现了对原始发现的支持:与自己相比,参与者将更多的性格特征归因于他人,尽管影响较弱(原始:f = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.61];复制:f = 0.10, 95% CI[0.03, 0.16])。此外,与原始研究相似,我们发现参与者在进行自我评估时倾向于将积极特质归因于有利比例(原始研究:f = 0.77, 95% CI [0.29, 1.25];复制:f = 0.88, 95% CI[0.50, 1.26])。然而,与原始研究不同的是,我们未能找到支持核心假设的证据,即参与者会将更多的性格特征归因于他们暂时遥远的自我,而不是他们现在的自我(原始研究:f = 0.54, 95% CI [0.27, 0.77];重复性:f = 0.02, 95% CI[0.00, 0.06])。此外,与原始数据相比,我们发现正性状比率随着时间距离的增加而增加(原始数据:f = 0.16, 95% CI [0.00, 0.36];复制:f = 0.33, 95% CI[0.22, 0.42]相反方向)。与我们的假设相反,在扩展中,我们发现人们更有可能将更多的积极特质归因于他们的朋友而不是自己(𝜉= 0.3,95% CI[0.21, 0.38])。所有资料、数据和代码都在这里提供:https://osf.io/gs2rx/。
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引用次数: 2
The Impact of Masculinity Beliefs and Political Ideologies on Men’s Backlash Against Non-Traditional Men: The Moderating Role of Perceived Men’s Feminization 男性信仰和政治意识形态对男性反抗非传统男性的影响:感知男性女性化的调节作用
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.588
Vincenzo Iacoviello, G. Valsecchi, Jacques Berent, Islam Borinca, J. Falomir-Pichastor
Traditional masculinity norms are still prevalent in our societies. As a result, men who deviate from these norms face adverse reactions (i.e., backlash), mainly from other men. The present research investigated whether the perceived threat to gender status quo accounts for this phenomenon. In two studies using a sample of heterosexual men (N total = 338), we measured male participants’ endorsement of traditional masculinity beliefs and their political orientation. As a means of examining the role of threat to the gender status quo, we then manipulated whether traditional masculinity norms remained stable (stability) or changed across time (men’s feminization). Finally, we assessed participants’ evaluation of men who deviate from traditional masculinity norms (i.e., a backlash against a non-traditional man). This target was either compared to a traditional man (Study 1) or a traditional woman (Study 2). The general hypothesis was that men who are strongly motivated to maintain the gender status quo (i.e., those who endorse traditional masculinity beliefs to a higher extent or support right-wing political ideologies) should show greater backlash, particularly when the gender status quo is threatened (i.e., in the men’s feminization condition). The results of a small-scale meta-analysis supported our hypothesis. We discuss the impact of these findings on the gender literature.
传统的男子气概规范在我们的社会中仍然普遍存在。因此,偏离这些规范的男性会面临不良反应(即反弹),主要来自其他男性。本研究调查了对性别现状的感知威胁是否是造成这一现象的原因。在两项使用异性恋男性样本的研究中(共338人),我们测量了男性参与者对传统男性信仰的认可程度及其政治取向。作为研究威胁对性别现状的作用的一种手段,我们随后操纵了传统的男性规范是保持稳定(稳定)还是随着时间的推移而改变(男性女性化)。最后,我们评估了参与者对偏离传统男性规范的男性的评价(即对非传统男性的强烈反对)。将这一目标与传统男性(研究1)或传统女性(研究2)进行比较。一般的假设是,那些有强烈动机维持性别现状的男性(即那些在更高程度上支持传统男性信仰或支持右翼政治意识形态的男性)应该表现出更大的反弹,特别是当性别现状受到威胁时(即在男性女性化的条件下)。一项小规模荟萃分析的结果支持了我们的假设。我们讨论了这些发现对性别文献的影响。
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引用次数: 5
Asymmetrical update of beliefs about future outcomes is driven by outcome valence and social group membership 未来结果信念的不对称更新是由结果效价和社会群体成员驱动的
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/27htj
Mihai Dricu, S. Bührer, D. Moser, T. Aue
People are eager to update their beliefs, such as a perceived risk, if they receive information that is better than expected but are reluctant to do so when the evidence is unfavourable. When estimating the likelihood of future outcomes, this phenomenon of asymmetrical belief update helps generate and maintain personal optimism bias. In this study, we investigated whether asymmetrical belief update also extends to estimating the future of other individuals. Specifically, we prompted respondents to assess the perceived likelihood of three social targets experiencing future positive and negative events: an in-group, a mild out-group and an extreme out-group. We then provided the respondents with feedback about the base rates of those events in the general population and prompted them to re-assess their initial estimates for all social targets. Respondents expected more positive than negative outcomes for the in-group and the mild out-group, but more negative outcomes for the extreme out-group. We also found an asymmetrical update of beliefs contingent on the valence of the future event and the social target. For negative outcomes, respondents updated more following good news than bad news, particularly for the mild out-group. For positive outcomes, respondents equally updated their beliefs following good news and bad news for the in-group and the mild out-group. However, they updated their beliefs significantly more following bad news than good news for the extreme out-group member. Our data thus reveal the strong and robust influence of social stereotypes on future expectancies for others.
如果人们收到比预期更好的信息,他们就会急于更新自己的信念,比如感知到的风险,但当证据不利时,他们就不愿意这样做了。在估计未来结果的可能性时,这种不对称的信念更新现象有助于产生和维持个人乐观偏见。在这项研究中,我们调查了不对称信念更新是否也延伸到估计其他个体的未来。具体来说,我们促使受访者评估三种社会目标经历未来积极和消极事件的感知可能性:内群体、温和外群体和极端外群体。然后,我们向受访者提供关于这些事件在一般人群中的基本比率的反馈,并促使他们重新评估他们对所有社会目标的初步估计。被调查者对内群体和温和外群体的积极结果的期望高于消极结果,而对极端外群体的消极结果的期望高于消极结果。我们还发现,信念的不对称更新取决于未来事件和社会目标的效价。对于负面结果,受访者在听到好消息后更新的次数多于听到坏消息后更新的次数,对于温和的外群体而言尤其如此。对于积极的结果,受访者在听到好消息和坏消息后,对内部群体和温和的外部群体都同样更新了他们的信念。然而,对于极端群体外成员来说,他们在听到坏消息后比听到好消息时更容易更新自己的信念。因此,我们的数据揭示了社会刻板印象对他人未来期望的强大而有力的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Uniform Conspiracy Mindset or Differentiated Reactions to Specific Conspiracy Beliefs? Evidence From Latent Profile Analyses 统一的阴谋心态还是对特定阴谋信念的不同反应?来自潜在侧面分析的证据
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/zcjur
M. Frenken, R. Imhoff
Conspiracy theories arise for virtually any public event (e.g., pandemics, assassinations, disasters). In light of positively correlated endorsements of such beliefs, many have pointed to a more general mindset behind this. Others have argued against this notion of a consistent mindset. Applying Latent Profile Analyses, we examine the evidence for either uniform or differentiated response patterns to various items in five studies (reanalyzed datasets, total N = 7877). Overall, the results speak strongly to uniform reactions that could be summarized as a general mindset, but also revealed important qualifications. First, small parts of the samples show more differentiated patterns in relation to extraterrestrial cover-up narratives (Studies 2 to 4) or contradictory theories (Study 5). Second, indicators dealing with the general suppression of relevant information in the public were among the items with the highest approval ratings across all classes. One discussed implication is that existing scales are useful tools to measure conspiracy mindsets. Another implication is that the average endorsement of any conspiracy theory is a function of both the respondents’ conspiracy mindset and the item’s psychometric difficulty, strongly suggesting interpreting item endorsement only in relative terms, but refraining from interpreting a high agreement as an absolute number.
阴谋论几乎出现在任何公共事件中(例如,流行病、暗杀、灾难)。鉴于对这些信念的积极支持,许多人指出这背后有一种更普遍的心态。其他人则反对这种一致心态的概念。应用潜在剖面分析,我们在五项研究(重新分析的数据集,总N = 7877)中检验了对不同项目的一致或差异反应模式的证据。总的来说,结果强烈地说明了统一的反应,可以概括为一种普遍的心态,但也揭示了重要的资格。首先,一小部分样本在外星人掩盖叙事(研究2至4)或矛盾理论(研究5)方面表现出更不同的模式。其次,处理公众普遍压制相关信息的指标是所有类别中支持率最高的项目之一。其中一个讨论的含义是,现有的量表是衡量阴谋心态的有用工具。另一个暗示是,任何阴谋论的平均认可都是被调查者的阴谋心态和项目的心理测量难度的函数,强烈建议只从相对的角度来解释项目的认可,而不要把高的同意解释为绝对的数字。
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引用次数: 16
Believe It or Not – No Support for an Effect of Providing Explanatory or Threat-Related Information on Conspiracy Theories’ Credibility 信不信由你——不支持提供解释性或威胁相关信息对阴谋论可信度的影响
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.587
Marcel Meuer, Aileen Oeberst, R. Imhoff
Past research suggests that certain content features of conspiracy theories may foster their credibility. In two experimental studies (N = 293), we examined whether conspiracy theories that explicitly offer a broad explanation for the respective phenomena and/or identify potential threat posed by conspirators are granted more credibility than conspiracy theories lacking such information. Furthermore, we tested whether people with a pronounced predisposition to believe in conspiracies are particularly susceptible to such information. To this end, participants judged the credibility of four conspiracy theories which varied in the provision of explanatory and threat-related information. Interestingly, the specific type of information provided was not decisive. Instead, credibility judgments were only driven by people’s predisposition to believe in conspiracies. Findings suggest that there is no mechanistic, almost automatic effect of merely adding specific information and highlight the relevance of people’s conspiratorial mindset for the evaluation of conspiracy theories.
过去的研究表明,阴谋论的某些内容特征可能会提高其可信度。在两项实验研究(N=293)中,我们检验了明确为各自现象提供广泛解释和/或确定共谋者构成的潜在威胁的阴谋论是否比缺乏此类信息的阴谋论更有可信度。此外,我们测试了有明显阴谋倾向的人是否特别容易受到此类信息的影响。为此,参与者判断了四种阴谋论的可信度,这些阴谋论在提供解释性信息和威胁相关信息方面各不相同。有趣的是,所提供的具体信息类型并不是决定性的。相反,可信度判断只是由人们相信阴谋的倾向所驱动的。研究结果表明,仅仅添加特定信息并没有机械的、几乎是自动的效果,并强调了人们的阴谋心态与评估阴谋论的相关性。
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引用次数: 3
“Sorry for Congo, Let’s Make Amends”: Belgians’ Ideological Worldviews Predict Attitudes Towards Apology and Reparation for its Colonial Past “对不起刚果,让我们赔罪”:比利时人的意识形态世界观预测了他们对殖民历史的道歉和赔偿的态度
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.486
Jasper Van Assche, Arne Roets, T. Haesevoets, Masi Noor
In light of the recent steps Belgium has made towards reconciling with its colonial history in Congo (e.g., the King’s letter of regret, and the removal of some colonial statues), we examined how Belgians differ in their attitudes towards an official apology, towards (symbolic) reparations (e.g., renaming streets), and towards raising more awareness about the colonial past (e.g., more detailed information in educational books) as a function of their ideological worldviews. We hypothesized that authoritarianism and group dominance would negatively predict these outcome variables, while particularly universal-diverse orientation and egalitarianism would predict them positively. We further hypothesized that these relations would be mediated by relevant intergroup emotions (i.e., group-based guilt, shame, and anger, and especially outgroup empathy). Path model analyses on a sample of 258 Flemish-speaking students provided support for our predictions: (1) universal-diverse orientation was the strongest predictor of all intergroup emotions, (2) empathy—and to a lesser extent group-based anger—were the strongest direct predictors of attitudes towards apologizing, reparation, and awareness, and (3) empathy was the most important mediator explaining the associations of universal-diverse and egalitarian orientations with the outcomes. We discuss the implications of our findings for the current debate regarding reconciliation between groups with a history of colonialism.
鉴于比利时最近为调和其在刚果的殖民历史所采取的步骤(例如,国王的遗憾信,以及拆除一些殖民雕像),我们研究了比利时人对官方道歉、对(象征性)赔偿(例如,重新命名街道)、,以及提高人们对殖民历史的更多认识(例如,在教育书籍中提供更详细的信息),作为他们意识形态世界观的一个功能。我们假设威权主义和群体主导会对这些结果变量产生负面预测,而特别是普遍多样性取向和平等主义会对它们产生正面预测。我们进一步假设,这些关系将由相关的群体间情绪(即基于群体的内疚、羞耻和愤怒,尤其是群体外移情)介导。对258名讲佛兰德语的学生样本进行的路径模型分析为我们的预测提供了支持:(1)普遍的多样化取向是所有群体间情绪的最强预测因子,(2)同理心——以及在较小程度上基于群体的愤怒——是对道歉、赔偿和意识态度的最强直接预测因子,同理心是解释普遍多样性和平等主义取向与结果之间关系的最重要中介。我们讨论了我们的调查结果对当前关于有殖民主义历史的群体之间和解的辩论的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Talking About Temperature and Social Thermoregulation in the Languages of the World 从世界语言谈温度与社会温度调节
IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.5334/irsp.410
Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, D. Nikolaev
The last decade saw rapid growth of the body of work devoted to relations between social thermoregulation and various other domains, with a particular focus on the connection between prosociality and physical warmth. This paper reports on a first systematic cross-linguistic study of the exponents of conceptual metaphor AFFECTION IS WARMTH (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Grady, 1997), which provides the motivation for the large share of research in this area. Assumed to be universal, it enables researchers, mostly speakers of major European languages, to treat words like warm and cold as self-evident and easily translatable between languages – both in their concrete uses (to feel warm/cold) and as applied to interpersonal relationships (a cold/warm person, warm feelings, etc.). Based on a sample of 94 languages from all around the world and using methodology borrowed from typological linguistics and mixed-effects regression modelling, we show that the relevant expressions show a remarkably skewed distribution and seem to be absent or extremely marginal in the majority of language families and linguistic macro-areas. The study demonstrates once again the dramatic influence of the Anglocentric, Standard Average European, and WEIRD perspectives on many of the central concepts and conclusions in linguistics, psychology, and cognitive research and discusses how changing this perspective can impact research in social psychology in general and in social thermoregulation in particular.
在过去的十年中,致力于社会体温调节与其他各个领域之间关系的研究工作迅速增长,特别关注亲社会性与体温之间的联系。本文首次系统地跨语言研究了概念隐喻“情感即温暖”(Lakoff & Johnson, 1980;Grady, 1997),这为这一领域的大量研究提供了动力。假设是普遍的,它使研究人员,主要是欧洲主要语言的使用者,将warm和cold等词视为不言而喻的,易于在语言之间翻译-无论是在其具体用途(感觉温暖/寒冷)还是应用于人际关系(冷/暖的人,温暖的感觉等)。基于来自世界各地的94种语言样本,并使用类型学语言学和混合效应回归模型的方法,我们发现相关表达在大多数语族和语言宏观领域中表现出明显的倾斜分布,似乎不存在或极其边缘。该研究再次证明了盎格鲁中心主义、欧洲标准平均主义和WEIRD观点对语言学、心理学和认知研究中的许多核心概念和结论的巨大影响,并讨论了改变这种观点如何影响社会心理学的研究,特别是社会体温调节。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Review of Social Psychology
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