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"Text up his name": The Authorship of the Manuscript Play Dick of Devonshire "写下他的名字":德文郡的迪克》剧本手稿的作者身份
IF 0.2 3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2024.a919346
Brett Greatley-Hirsch, Matteo Pangallo, Rachel White

Abstract:

The manuscript play Dick of Devonshire has been attributed to several early modern dramatists, including Thomas Heywood, Robert Davenport, James Shirley, and Thomas Dekker. Identifying the author is important to obtaining a better understanding of the play's place in the Caroline commercial theater industry and how it came to be staged by Queen Henrietta Maria's Men in the summer of 1626. This article reviews the arguments that have been made for and against the various authorial candidates and, using historical and literary evidence as well as new computational analysis, establishes that Thomas Heywood is the play's most likely author.

摘要:手稿剧本《德文郡的迪克》被认为是几位早期现代戏剧家的作品,包括托马斯-海伍德、罗伯特-达文波特、詹姆斯-雪莉和托马斯-德克尔。要更好地了解该剧在加洛林商业戏剧业中的地位,以及它是如何在 1626 年夏天由亨丽埃塔-玛丽亚女王的手下上演的,确定作者非常重要。本文回顾了支持和反对各种作者候选者的论点,并利用历史和文学证据以及新的计算分析,确定托马斯-海伍德(Thomas Heywood)是该剧最有可能的作者。
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引用次数: 0
"From god astraye went": William Forrest's Contra-Reformation "Legend of Theophilus" "从神那里走去":威廉-福雷斯特的反宗教改革 "西奥菲勒斯传说"
IF 0.2 3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2024.a919343
Oliver Wort

Abstract:

This is a study of William Forrest's "Legend of Theophilus." In the history of devil-compact literature, Theophilus was the ur-Faustus, the preeminent example all across medieval Europe of the foolish man who, for worldly gain, abandoned his soul to the devil. Finished on 27 October 1572, Forrest's version of this tale is a rare example of an English Theophilus legend written in the aftermath of the Reformation rather than in advance of it. This novel context permits Forrest to treat the legend as a critique of Reformation and a defense of Catholic devotion, particularly to the Virgin Mary. Furthermore, as an Elizabethan study in damnation and redemption, Forrest's poem is comparable to Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus, though the two are products of fundamentally different religious milieus. This study ends by reading Forrest's atypical Elizabethan poem alongside Marlowe's more quintessentially Elizabethan play in order to draw out what is most distinctive about both works and the divine economies that animate them.

摘要:本文研究的是威廉-福雷斯特的《西奥菲勒斯传奇》。在魔鬼契约文学史上,西奥菲勒斯是乌尔-浮士德,是整个中世纪欧洲最杰出的愚人典范,他为了世俗的利益,将自己的灵魂献给了魔鬼。福雷斯特版本的这个故事完成于 1572 年 10 月 27 日,是英国西奥菲勒斯传奇故事中罕见的写于宗教改革之后而非之前的例子。这种新颖的背景使福雷斯特得以将该传说视为对宗教改革的批判和对天主教虔诚的捍卫,尤其是对圣母玛利亚的捍卫。此外,作为伊丽莎白时代对诅咒与救赎的研究,福雷斯特的诗可与克里斯托弗-马洛的《浮士德博士》相媲美,尽管两者是根本不同的宗教环境的产物。最后,本研究将福雷斯特的非典型伊丽莎白时代诗歌与马洛更具典型伊丽莎白时代风格的戏剧一并解读,以找出这两部作品最与众不同之处,以及赋予它们生命的神性经济。
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引用次数: 0
St. Beowulf: Hagiography and Heroic Identity in Beowulf 圣贝奥武夫:贝奥武夫》中的颂歌和英雄身份
IF 0.2 3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2024.a919341
Peter Ramey

Abstract:

Debates over the role of Christianity in Beowulf have not fully taken into account hagiographic models. Although saints' lives were among the first written materials to flourish in early medieval England, relatively little has been done to examine the influence of hagiography on Beowulf. After considering some of the reasons for the lack of such approaches, this essay examines Beowulf in light of hagiographic conventions and concepts, arguing that the Beowulf-poet invests the traditional warrior identity of the hero Beowulf with conceptions of sanctity found in saints' lives composed by Bede, Felix, and others. In the process, this essay challenges the prevailing "dramatic irony" view of the poem that divorces the religious understanding of the narrator from that of the characters. A thorough analysis reveals that characters and narrator speak a shared theological language and that the religious perspectives of narrator and dramatis personae are indistinguishable.

摘要:关于基督教在《贝奥武夫》中的作用的争论并没有充分考虑到神传模式。虽然圣徒生平是中世纪早期英国最先兴起的书面材料之一,但研究胡志学对《贝奥武夫》影响的文章却相对较少。在考虑了缺乏此类研究方法的一些原因之后,这篇文章根据胡志学的惯例和概念对《贝奥武夫》进行了研究,认为《贝奥武夫》的诗人在英雄贝奥武夫的传统战士身份中注入了贝德、菲利克斯等人创作的圣人生平中的神圣概念。在此过程中,这篇文章挑战了对这首诗的普遍 "戏剧反讽 "观点,这种观点将叙述者的宗教理解与人物的宗教理解割裂开来。透彻的分析表明,人物和叙事者使用的是共同的神学语言,叙事者和戏剧人物的宗教观点是无法区分的。
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引用次数: 0
The Cloak and the Clog: Tudor Portraiture and Sir Thomas Wyatt's "Myne owne John Poyntz" 斗篷与木屐都铎王朝肖像画与托马斯-怀亚特爵士的 "我的约翰-波因茨"
IF 0.2 3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2024.a919342
Carl Grey Martin

Abstract:

This essay explores how the visual culture of the portrait in the early Tudor period, epitomized by Hans Holbein's work, informed and intensified the self-examination, pictorialism, and textual play of Sir Thomas Wyatt's "epistolary satire" to John Pointz, a fellow courtier. Specifically, I argue that Wyatt's ambivalent self-description in this overtly self-righteous poem reimagines the memento mori—a visual reminder of vulnerability and death, often incorporated in portraiture—to deliberately undermine his Stoic self-assertion and to rebuke the reader's credulity.

摘要:这篇文章探讨了都铎王朝早期以汉斯-霍尔拜因的作品为代表的肖像画视觉文化如何影响并强化了托马斯-怀亚特爵士写给朝臣约翰-波因茨的 "书信体讽刺诗 "中的自我审视、图像主义和文字游戏。具体而言,我认为怀亚特在这首明显自以为是的诗歌中矛盾的自我描述重新想象了 "死亡纪念物"(memento mori)--一种对脆弱和死亡的视觉提醒,经常被融入肖像画中,从而故意破坏他的斯多葛派自我主张,并斥责读者的轻信。
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引用次数: 0
Passions and the Passion: Robert Southwell's Mary Magdalene 激情与受难罗伯特-索斯韦尔的《抹大拉的马利亚
IF 0.2 3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2024.a919344
Emily A. Ransom

Abstract:

While still a fugitive at large, the Jesuit poet Robert Southwell published his best-selling prose masterpiece, Mary Magdalens Funerall Teares, which deftly combines the English literary vogue of complaint with Ignatian meditation in an eloquent grand style. While scholarship has mostly treated this work as a meditation for recusant Catholics separated from Christ's body in the Eucharist, as Mary was separated from Christ on Easter morning, this article argues that its widespread popularity and literary influence was a strategic success in large part owing to its bold and timely approach to human passions directed to its Protestant readers. In an era in which England's "finest wits are now given to write passionat discourses," Southwell suggested an alternative both to Neostoic curbing of passion and even to Augustinian moderation, presenting the Magdalen as a figure of godly vehemence in whom reason itself is ruled by a love in which "the excesse cannot be faultie."

摘要:耶稣会诗人罗伯特-索斯韦尔(Robert Southwell)在逃亡期间出版了他的畅销散文代表作《马利亚-玛格达伦斯的葬礼》(Mary Magdalens Funerall Teares),以雄辩宏大的风格巧妙地将英国文学中的控诉风潮与伊格纳特冥想结合在一起。虽然学术界大多将这部作品视为天主教徒在圣餐礼中与基督的身体分离时的冥想,就像复活节早晨马利亚与基督分离一样,但本文认为,这部作品之所以广受欢迎并产生文学影响,在很大程度上是因为它针对新教读者大胆而及时地表达了人类的激情,从而取得了战略上的成功。在那个英国 "最聪明的人都在写激情的论述 "的时代,索斯韦尔提出了一种替代新古典主义对激情的抑制甚至替代奥古斯丁式的节制的方法,将抹大拉作为一个虔诚的激情人物,在她身上,理性本身被一种 "过犹不及 "的爱所支配。
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引用次数: 0
"I do play the touch": Touchstone and Testing in As You Like It "我确实会触摸":如你所愿》中的试金石与测试
IF 0.2 3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2024.a919345
Lauren Weindling

Abstract:

This article takes as its subject a philological explication of the name of Touchstone, the fool in William Shakespeare's As You Like It, unpacking its connotations by tracking its usage in early modern print material. Literally a stone used to test gold's purity, the touchstone's metaphorical usage reveals a cultural desire to know true from feigning and likewise intimates violent interrogation when addressing the Jesuit threat to Queen Elizabeth's rule. This enlarged context illuminates a critique of this epistemological method in Touchstone's comedy. There is no certain method to test others, for identity and allegiance are not innate qualities exposed with violent pressure but products of verbal play. Moreover, this method presupposes, then fabricates, guilt.

摘要:本文以威廉-莎士比亚的《如你所愿》中的傻子 "试金石 "的名字为主题,通过追踪其在早期现代印刷材料中的用法来解读其内涵。从字面上看,"试金石 "是一种用来检验黄金纯度的石头,它的隐喻用法揭示了一种文化愿望,即辨别真假,同样,在讨论耶稣会对伊丽莎白女王统治的威胁时,它也暗示了暴力审讯。这一扩大的语境揭示了对试金石喜剧中这一认识论方法的批判。检验他人的方法并不确定,因为身份和忠诚并不是在暴力压力下暴露出来的与生俱来的品质,而是语言游戏的产物。此外,这种方法先假定有罪,然后捏造有罪。
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引用次数: 0
John Locke, Ecological Imperialism, and the Narration of the Land in Robinson Crusoe —A Tale of the Anthropocene 约翰·洛克、生态帝国主义与《鲁滨逊漂流记——人类世的故事》中的土地叙述
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2023.a910771
Terence N. Bowers
Abstract: The influence of John Locke's political thought on Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe has often been discussed. Most studies have focused on how the novel speaks to political crises in England, especially those surrounding the Glorious Revolution, which have traditionally been seen as forming the key context for understanding Locke's Two Treatises of Government . But recent scholarship has shown that the Two Treatises also addressed the colonial context in America and provided the intellectual platform that justified British expansion in the New World. Though studies of Robinson Crusoe have for some time analyzed the novel in the context of colonialism, Locke has not figured much in such analyses. This essay argues, however, that Locke's key connection to Robinson Crusoe is his view of America and empire and that Defoe's story of survival in the wild builds on and powerfully reinforces Locke's colonial ideology, which is grounded in a vision of how human beings should (and should not relate) to the earth. This vision is deeply anthropocentric and matches what the environmental historian Donald Worster calls "the 'imperial' view of nature." The vision of empire shared by Locke and Defoe is thus based on and inseparable from a quest for ecological dominion that is global in scope. In the latter part of the essay, I discuss the astounding popularity of the Crusoe story and its status as myth and argue that it constitutes a version of what Carolyn Merchant terms the "Recovery Narrative," which forms "perhaps the most important mythology that humans have developed to make sense of their relationship to the earth." Given its influence and enduring popularity, I suggest that we see Robinson Crusoe as a key text and driver of the Anthropocene—the geological epoch in which human activities have altered the planet's land surfaces, oceans, and biosphere and produced the environmental crises that we face today.
摘要:洛克的政治思想对笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》的影响是人们经常讨论的问题。大多数研究都集中在这部小说是如何讲述英国的政治危机的,尤其是那些围绕着光荣革命的政治危机,这些危机传统上被认为是理解洛克《政府论》的关键背景。但最近的学术研究表明,《政府论》也谈到了美国的殖民背景,并为英国在新大陆的扩张提供了合理的智力平台。虽然对《鲁滨逊漂流记》的研究一直把这部小说放在殖民主义的背景下进行分析,但洛克在这种分析中并没有发挥多大作用。然而,本文认为,洛克与鲁滨逊漂流记的关键联系是他对美国和帝国的看法,笛福在野外生存的故事建立在并有力地强化了洛克的殖民意识形态,这种意识形态建立在人类应该(或不应该)如何与地球联系的愿景之上。这种观点是深刻的人类中心主义,与环境历史学家唐纳德·沃斯特(Donald Worster)所说的“‘帝国’自然观”相吻合。因此,洛克和笛福共同的帝国愿景是建立在对全球范围内的生态统治的追求的基础上,并且与之分不开。在文章的后半部分,我讨论了克鲁索故事令人震惊的受欢迎程度及其作为神话的地位,并认为它构成了卡罗琳·钱特所说的“恢复叙事”的一个版本,它形成了“也许是人类发展起来的最重要的神话,以理解他们与地球的关系。”鉴于《鲁滨逊漂流记》的影响力和经久不衰的受欢迎程度,我建议我们将其视为人类世的关键文本和驱动力。在这个地质时代,人类活动改变了地球的陆地表面、海洋和生物圈,并造成了我们今天面临的环境危机。
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引用次数: 0
James Reshoulde and Elizabethan Scribal Culture James Reshoulde和伊丽莎白时期的抄写文化
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2023.a910769
Steven W. May
Abstract: Bodleian Library, MS Rawl. poet. 85 (Ra), and Marsh's Library, Dublin, MS Z 3.5.21 (Ma), are two of the most important anthologies of Elizabethan lyric poetry. We have long known that Ra was compiled at St. John's College, Cambridge, apparently by John Finet. He credits his fellow Johnian, James Reshoulde, with two poems in Ra, one of which is answered by a poem in Ma. Reshoulde is not named in Ma, but the discovery of his handwriting in this miscellany confirms that it, too, was compiled at St. John's and drew upon a common store of in-house and external writings, including poems written by courtiers at the apogee of Elizabethan society. The relationships among these elite texts shed important new light on how lyric poetry circulated in the age's scribal culture and how these practices exerted a democratizing influence on what is generally considered a culture of exclusive coteries.
摘要:牛津大学图书馆,罗尔斯女士。诗人。85 (Ra)和都柏林马什图书馆,MS Z 3.5.21 (Ma)是伊丽莎白时代最重要的两本抒情诗选集。我们早就知道《Ra》是由剑桥大学圣约翰学院编撰的,作者显然是约翰·菲内。他认为他的同道约翰尼亚人詹姆斯·雷舒德(James Reshoulde)在《拉》中写了两首诗,其中一首在《马》中得到了回应。《马记》中没有提到Reshoulde的名字,但在这本杂记中发现的他的笔迹证实,这本杂记也是在圣约翰编纂的,并借鉴了内部和外部的共同作品,包括伊丽莎白社会鼎盛时期朝臣写的诗歌。这些精英文本之间的关系为抒情诗如何在这个时代的抄写文化中流传以及这些做法如何对通常被认为是排外小团体的文化施加民主化影响提供了重要的新视角。
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引用次数: 0
Contents of Volume 120 第120卷目录
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2023.a910773
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引用次数: 0
Milton's Legal Duel: Nature and Norm in Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes 弥尔顿的法律决斗:《复乐园》和《参孙》中的自然与规范
3区 文学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2023.a910770
Ben LaBreche
Abstract: Scholars have often linked John Milton with natural law; this article argues instead for the strong interest of Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes in legal positivism. By the mid-seventeenth century, thinkers like Hugo Grotius and Thomas Hobbes were in their different ways proposing a natural law based on self-preservation rather than theology, and as a result natural law became increasingly indistinguishable from political defactoism and reason of state. Milton struggled more than is generally recognized with the threat this naturalism posed to free will and moral value, and he responded by anticipating the work of nineteenth- and twentieth-century thinkers like John Austin, Hans Kelsen, and H. L. A. Hart, who made positivism central to liberal jurisprudence. Positivism asserts legal norms to be based on their authoritative source rather than their conformity with fact or reason, and thus positivist legal theory offers an escape from ethically minimal natural law. Positivism, though, also relies on preexisting, potentially arbitrary authority and makes penal sanctions constitutive of legal order, and these qualities paradoxically bind positivism to the worst features of naturalism: determinism and coercive violence. Milton grapples with precisely these issues in his 1671 poems, and his conflicted embrace of positivism illuminates a number of puzzles long noted in these works.
摘要:学者们常常把约翰·弥尔顿与自然法则联系在一起;本文转而论证《复乐园》和《参孙》对法律实证主义的浓厚兴趣。到17世纪中期,像雨果·格劳秀斯和托马斯·霍布斯这样的思想家以不同的方式提出了一种基于自我保护而不是神学的自然法,结果自然法越来越难以与政治破坏主义和国家理性区分开来。弥尔顿对这种自然主义对自由意志和道德价值构成的威胁所作的斗争比一般人所认识的要多,他的回应是预见到19世纪和20世纪思想家的作品,如约翰·奥斯汀、汉斯·凯尔森和h·l·a·哈特,他们把实证主义作为自由法学的核心。实证主义主张法律规范建立在权威来源的基础上,而不是建立在与事实或理性相符的基础上,因此,实证主义法律理论提供了一种逃避伦理最低限度自然法的途径。然而,实证主义也依赖于预先存在的、潜在的专断权威,并使刑事制裁成为法律秩序的组成部分,而这些特质矛盾地将实证主义与自然主义最糟糕的特征捆绑在一起:决定论和强制暴力。弥尔顿在他1671年的诗歌中,努力解决了这些问题,他对实证主义的矛盾拥抱,阐明了这些作品中长期存在的一些难题。
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