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Beowulf Lines 175–88 and the Transmission of Old English Poetry 贝奥武夫175-88行与古英语诗歌的传播
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0000
Leonard Neidorf
Abstract:Lines 175–88 of Beowulf constitute a longstanding interpretive crux. One solution to this crux has been to regard the passage as wholly or partly inauthentic—a solution advocated by no less a scholar than J. R. R. Tolkien in his influential British Academy lecture on Beowulf. Evaluations of the passage's authenticity have hitherto centered on the question of whether it can be reconciled with the theological and aesthetic unities maintained throughout the poem. Notably absent from the discussion surrounding this passage is consideration of whether the hypothesis of interpolation can be reconciled with what is known about Anglo-Saxon scribal behavior and the transmission of Old English poetry. The present article aims to fill that void by surveying a wide range of evidence bearing on the historical plausibility of the claim that an interpolation is present in lines 175–88. It mounts a multifaceted defense of the passage's authenticity and demonstrates that an interpolation of the sort envisioned by Tolkien and other eminent scholars would be an unparalleled phenomenon in the extant poetic records.
摘要:《贝奥武夫》第175-88行构成了一个长期存在的阐释核心。解决这个问题的一个方法是将这段话视为完全或部分不真实——这是J·R·R·托尔金在其颇具影响力的英国学院关于贝奥武夫的演讲中所倡导的解决方案。迄今为止,对这段话真实性的评价一直集中在它是否能与贯穿整首诗的神学和美学统一相调和的问题上。值得注意的是,围绕这段话的讨论中没有考虑插值假设是否可以与已知的盎格鲁撒克逊涂鸦行为和古英语诗歌的传播相一致。本文旨在通过调查广泛的证据来填补这一空白,这些证据与第175-88行中存在插值的说法的历史合理性有关。它对这段话的真实性进行了多方面的辩护,并表明托尔金和其他著名学者所设想的那种插值将是现存诗歌记录中无与伦比的现象。
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引用次数: 0
Homo Homini Lupus: Webster's The Duchess of Malfi and the Vicissitudes of a Political Adage 霍米尼·卢普斯人:韦伯斯特的《马尔菲公爵夫人》和一部政治小说的变迁
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2022.0006
Jeffrey B. Griswold
Abstract:This article contextualizes John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi within early modern usage of the adage "homo homini lupus" in the period's political philosophy. Webster draws on sixteenth-century usage of the phrase in the work of Scottish and French resistance thinkers to depict tyranny, but then he extends its meaning through Ferdinand's lycanthropy. The Duchess of Malfi anticipates representations of human nature typical of seventeenth-century contract theory but is skeptical of political solutions to human brutality. The play exploits the human negative exceptionalist logic that is implicit within "homo homini lupus" to create a deeply pessimistic depiction of human nature and the future of politics.
摘要:本文将约翰·韦伯斯特(John Webster)的《马尔菲公爵夫人》(The Duchess of Malfi)置于现代早期政治哲学中“人与狼”(homo homini lupus)这句谚语的语境中进行分析。韦伯斯特借鉴了16世纪苏格兰和法国抵抗运动思想家的作品中对这个词的用法来描述暴政,但随后他通过费迪南德的狼人行为扩展了它的含义。马尔菲公爵夫人期待17世纪契约理论中典型的人性表现,但对人类暴行的政治解决方案持怀疑态度。该剧利用了隐含在“人类狼疮”中的人类消极例外论逻辑,对人性和政治的未来进行了深刻的悲观描写。
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引用次数: 0
Gerrard Herbert's Reports about Drama Performances, 1617–19 杰拉德·赫伯特关于戏剧表演的报告,1617-19年
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0026
D. Bergeron
Abstract:Gerrard Herbert, a keen observer of the Jacobean court but of undetermined identity, wrote a series of letters in the period of 1617–19 that respond to dramatic performances, usually court masques. In some cases, Herbert provides the only extant information about certain productions, most notably that of Shakespeare's Pericles in May 1619. His personal letters cover a range of topics, but this essay focuses on his accounts of drama, including the loss through fire of Whitehall's Banqueting House in January 1619, a loss of a crucial theater venue. The crowning achievement for Herbert, in terms of commentary on drama, came in his apparent eye-witness account of the Pericles performance, recorded in his last letter about drama. A transcription of the pertinent parts of the letter is included here. Herbert as letter writer provides information, insight, and perspective on a court caught up in the splendor of masques and dramatic performances. He thereby expands knowledge of English theater history in its richest period.
摘要:Gerrard Herbert是雅各宾宫廷的敏锐观察者,但身份不明,他在1617-19年间写了一系列信件,回应戏剧性的表演,通常是宫廷面具。在某些情况下,赫伯特提供了关于某些作品的唯一现存信息,最著名的是1619年5月莎士比亚的《伯里克利》。他的私人信件涵盖了一系列主题,但本文侧重于他对戏剧的描述,包括1619年1月白厅宴会厅的火灾损失,一个重要的剧院场地的损失。就戏剧评论而言,赫伯特的最高成就来自于他对伯里克利表演的明显见证,记录在他关于戏剧的最后一封信中。这封信的相关部分的转录本包含在这里。赫伯特作为一名写信人,提供了关于一个被华丽的面具和戏剧性表演所困扰的法庭的信息、见解和视角。因此,他扩展了英国戏剧史最丰富时期的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Instead of Children: Legacy and Embodied Interpretation in the Woodwardian Museum 代替儿童:伍德沃德博物馆的遗产与具体阐释
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0028
W. G. Burgess
Abstract:John Woodward's collection of geological specimens, bequeathed to Cambridge University in 1728, was one of the first public institutional collections of its kind. The collector himself led a checkered career and was frequently accused of self-importance and arrogance by contemporaries. Studies of Woodward's legacy project have hence tended to characterize his bequest as an exercise in self-aggrandizement at the expense of its usefulness to subsequent generations of geologists. However, I propose that by resituating Woodward's elaborate will and testament in the context of his distinctive collecting and taxonomic practices, the Woodwardian Museum can be reframed as his attempt to perpetuate an embodied methodology for understanding the natural world. By recontextualizing Woodward's legacy project, I offer a reassessment of a prolonged discourse that has conflated his childlessness with a desire to replicate himself, suggesting that his collection tries to foster a meaningful intellectual progeny rather than to merely construct an elaborate funerary monument.
摘要:约翰·伍德沃德的地质标本收藏于1728年遗赠给剑桥大学,是首批此类公共机构收藏之一。这位收藏家本人的职业生涯跌宕起伏,经常被同时代的人指责为自负和傲慢。因此,对伍德沃德遗产项目的研究倾向于将他的遗产描述为一种自我强化的行为,而牺牲了其对后代地质学家的有用性。然而,我建议,通过在伍德沃德独特的收藏和分类实践的背景下重新发布他精心设计的遗嘱和遗嘱,伍德沃德博物馆可以被重新定义为他试图延续一种理解自然世界的具体方法。通过重新文本化伍德沃德的遗产项目,我重新评估了一种长期的话语,这种话语将他没有孩子与复制自己的愿望混为一谈,表明他的收藏试图培养一个有意义的智力后代,而不仅仅是建造一座精心制作的葬礼纪念碑。
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引用次数: 0
Louis Round Wilson Prize for 2020 2020年路易斯·朗德·威尔逊奖
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0021
Reid Barbour
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引用次数: 0
Lemuel Gulliver, Map-Maker Lemuel Gulliver,地图制作者
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0029
R. Janes
Abstract:This article argues that Jonathan Swift, dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, is the creator of the four maps and two diagrams that appeared in the first edition of Captain Lemuel Gulliver's Travels into Several Remote Nations and in most editions since. Swift's enlightened critique of modernity accords mapping its central place in modern learning and enlightenment discovery. Mapping errors cluster in the third voyage, creating an uncorrectable map that disempowers the project of inevitable progress toward ever more perfect maps. A venerable and entrenched scholarly consensus holds that the bookseller/publisher added the maps and diagrams, employing a hack engraver to design them from reading the manuscript. External evidence indicates that Swift's manuscript contained more than the text of the voyages; the text itself references the diagrams. Internal evidence in the third voyage makes the received hypothesis untenable. No one making a map by reading the text could commit those errors. They are there for the reader to enjoy the visceral horror of finding the map go wrong.
摘要:本文认为,都柏林圣帕特里克学院院长乔纳森·斯威夫特是Lemuel Gulliver船长的《走进几个遥远的国家的旅行》第一版以及此后的大多数版本中出现的四幅地图和两幅图表的创造者。斯威夫特对现代性的启蒙批判符合其在现代学习和启蒙发现中的中心地位。地图错误在第三次航行中聚集在一起,创建了一个不可校正的地图,使项目无法朝着更完美的地图前进。一个古老而根深蒂固的学术共识认为,书商/出版商添加了地图和图表,雇佣了一名黑客雕刻师在阅读手稿时进行设计。外部证据表明,斯威夫特的手稿中包含的不仅仅是航海的文本;文本本身引用了图表。第三次航行中的内部证据使公认的假设站不住脚。通过阅读文本绘制地图的人都不会犯这些错误。它们是为了让读者享受发现地图出错时发自内心的恐惧。
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引用次数: 0
Milton's Ladies 不,米尔顿氏症我是
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0027
Brooke Conti
Abstract:This essay argues that Milton's youthful interest in virginity is a rejection of procreative heterosexuality. A large number of Milton's early works figure virginity not as an immature life stage or a prelude to marriage but rather as a lifelong state that can confer poetic and prophetic powers on earth and a privileged place in heaven. Moreover, although much of the limited scholarship that has examined Milton's ideas about virginity has focused on men, this essay demonstrates that Milton's most charismatic and remarkable virgins are all women: the Lady of A Mask, Melancholy in Il Penseroso, and the unnamed lady of "Sonnet 9." Taken together, these three works ask us to reevaluate many longstanding assumptions about Milton's attitude toward women, gender, and sexuality.
摘要:本文认为弥尔顿年轻时对童贞的兴趣是对生育异性恋的拒绝。弥尔顿早期的很多作品都没有把贞操看作是一个不成熟的人生阶段,或者是婚姻的前奏,而是一种终生的状态,可以赋予人间的诗歌和预言能力,以及天堂的特权地位。此外,尽管研究弥尔顿关于处女的观点的有限的学术研究大多集中在男性身上,但这篇文章表明,弥尔顿最具魅力和最杰出的处女都是女性:《面具》中的女士,《沉思录》中的忧郁,以及《十四行诗》第九首中未命名的女士。总之,这三部作品要求我们重新评估弥尔顿对女性、性别和性的态度。
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引用次数: 0
On Truth, Pietà, and Reader Response in Dante's Purgatory 10 and Chaucer's House of Fame 1 论但丁的《炼狱》和乔叟的《名声之屋》中的真理、piet.com和读者的反应
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0022
Shachar Livne
Abstract:This article considers the thematic and textual affinities between Dante Alighieri's and Geoffrey Chaucer's ekphrastic explorations in Purgatory 10 and House of Fame 1. In these episodes, both narrators become observers as they examine engravings of significant events. Evaluating characters, stories, and images, and contemplating the convoluted relationship between artistic representation and truth, Dante and Geffrey diverge in their attitudes toward emotional response to art. While Dante consistently refuses to allow the visual narratives to emotionally impact him, Geffrey is deeply moved by Dido's portrayal. Though the narrators' reactions to the decorated walls are contrasted, both are informed by the same search for truth within artistic depiction, be it image or text. Thus, for Dante, avoiding emotional engagement is a prerequisite for discerning the doctrine underlying the scenes he views, whereas for Geffrey, compassion for the illustrated figures is precisely what prompts him to reject such representations and search for truth elsewhere.
摘要:本文考察了但丁和乔叟在《炼狱》和《名人堂》中对语言的探索在主题和文本上的相似性。在这些情节中,两位叙述者在检查重要事件的雕刻时都成为了观察者。评价人物、故事和图像,思考艺术表现与真理之间错综复杂的关系,但丁和杰弗里在对艺术的情感反应的态度上存在分歧。虽然但丁一直拒绝让视觉叙事对他产生情感上的影响,但杰弗里却被黛朵的形象深深打动了。尽管叙述者对装饰过的墙壁的反应是截然不同的,但两者都在艺术描绘中寻求真理,无论是图像还是文本。因此,对但丁来说,避免情感参与是辨别他所看到的场景背后的教义的先决条件,而对杰弗里来说,对插图人物的同情正是促使他拒绝这种表现并在其他地方寻找真理的原因。
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引用次数: 0
The Earl of Essex's Last Poem: Texts, Transmission, and Authorship 埃塞克斯伯爵的最后一首诗:文本、传播和作者
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0025
Steven W. May
Abstract:In late February 1601, while prisoner in the Tower and awaiting execution for treason, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, composed a penitential poem modeled on Robert Southwell's immensely popular "St. Peter's Complaint." My critical edition of the earl's poem (Studies in Philology, 1980) was based on eleven texts. Since then another halfdozen versions of the poem have come to light. They reveal how Essex's last brush with the Muses became one of the most popular and widely distributed poems of the early Stuart era. Meanwhile, in 2016, Hugh Gazzard's article in Studies in English Literature revived Nicholas Breton's claim to the poem. Breton has been credited with it since 1867 on wholly stylistic grounds, for there is no contemporary attribution to Breton or anyone else, only five manuscript attributions to Essex. Gazzard offers the most extensive analysis to date of parallel passages in Breton's verse and Essex's poem; he argues that they reveal Breton's responsibility for the work. I contest this analysis by showing that these passages are for the most part neither parallel nor unique and that the methodology itself can be used to show that other poets are just as likely, indeed far more likely, to have written it. The important takeaway here is that the "parallel passages" methodology as a test for authorship must be used, if at all, with extreme caution. In this case it in no way challenges Essex's authorship of this, his last poem.
摘要:1601年2月下旬,埃塞克斯郡第二代伯爵罗伯特·德弗罗因叛国罪被关押在塔里等待处决,他根据罗伯特·索斯韦尔广受欢迎的《圣彼得的控诉》创作了一首忏悔诗。从那时起,这首诗的另外六个版本被曝光了。它们揭示了埃塞克斯与缪斯的最后一次接触是如何成为斯图尔特时代早期最受欢迎、分布最广的诗歌之一的。与此同时,2016年,休·加扎德在《英国文学研究》上发表的文章再次提出了尼古拉斯·布雷顿对这首诗的主张。自1867年以来,布列塔尼一直被认为完全是出于风格上的原因,因为布列塔尼或其他任何人都没有当代归属,只有五份手稿归属于埃塞克斯郡。Gazzard对布雷顿诗歌和埃塞克斯诗歌中的平行段落进行了迄今为止最广泛的分析;他认为,它们揭示了布雷顿对这项工作的责任。我对这一分析提出质疑,因为我认为这些段落在很大程度上既不是平行的,也不是独特的,而且方法本身可以用来表明其他诗人也有可能,甚至更有可能写下这篇文章。这里的重要结论是,作为作者身份测试的“平行段落”方法必须非常谨慎地使用。在这种情况下,它决不会挑战埃塞克斯的作者,这是他的最后一首诗。
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引用次数: 0
Metaphors of Textual Materiality in Late Medieval Middle English Sermons 中世纪晚期中世纪英语布道中文本物质性的隐喻
IF 0.2 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1353/sip.2021.0023
Eleanor Baker
Abstract:This article explores the use of book metaphors in a selection of late medieval Middle English sermons, both orthodox and Wycliffite. These book metaphors engage with the materiality of the codex in a variety of ways, drawing on understandings of scribal practice, the dyptical structure of the physical book, learning and reading practices, and parchment production. Although sermon texts are usually considered void of any creativity, these book metaphors prove diverse and inventive. Through a close reading of particular case studies, I argue that sermons often express an ambivalence toward the material text, at once warning of the biblioclastic effect of sin and the textual manipulation of the devil and offering the devout a metaphorical means of writing their own salvation. The article engages with historical criticism on the use, purpose, and function of the sermon form while considering how these written and spoken texts themselves responded to late medieval literacy, book use, book production, and other material objects.
摘要:本文探讨了书籍隐喻在中世纪晚期中世纪英语正统派和威克利菲派布道中的使用。这些书籍隐喻以各种方式与法典的物质性相结合,借鉴了对书写实践、实体书的dyoptical结构、学习和阅读实践以及羊皮纸制作的理解。尽管布道文本通常被认为没有任何创造性,但这些书中的隐喻被证明是多样化和创造性的。通过仔细阅读特定的案例研究,我认为布道往往表达了对材料文本的矛盾心理,同时警告罪的文献碎片效应和对魔鬼的文本操纵,并为虔诚者提供了一种书写自己救赎的隐喻手段。本文对布道形式的使用、目的和功能进行了历史批评,同时考虑了这些书面和口头文本本身对中世纪晚期识字、书籍使用、书籍制作和其他实物的反应。
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引用次数: 1
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