Pub Date : 2020-03-26DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2020000100115
José G. Santos Herceg
El presente texto busca mostrar que el silencio tuvo y tiene un papel central en el fenomeno de la tortura en Chile. Callan las autoridades dictatoriales sobre su ocurrencia, callan los perpetradores directos y callan todos los que estan en el “pacto de silencio”, asi como tambien los que se benefician de ella. Calla el torturador cuando esta interrogando con el objeto de extremar el terror, pero calla tambien la victima que no delata. Calla el sobreviviente que no consigue articular un relato sobre lo vivido, calla todo el mundo aterrorizado ante la amenaza de ser torturado. Callan, finalmente las autoridades transicionales que buscan poner un punto final a la investigacion sobre un pasado doloroso.
{"title":"Los silencios de la tortura en Chile","authors":"José G. Santos Herceg","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2020000100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2020000100115","url":null,"abstract":"El presente texto busca mostrar que el silencio tuvo y tiene un papel central en el fenomeno de la tortura en Chile. Callan las autoridades dictatoriales sobre su ocurrencia, callan los perpetradores directos y callan todos los que estan en el “pacto de silencio”, asi como tambien los que se benefician de ella. Calla el torturador cuando esta interrogando con el objeto de extremar el terror, pero calla tambien la victima que no delata. Calla el sobreviviente que no consigue articular un relato sobre lo vivido, calla todo el mundo aterrorizado ante la amenaza de ser torturado. Callan, finalmente las autoridades transicionales que buscan poner un punto final a la investigacion sobre un pasado doloroso.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83071859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2020005000120
Paula Armendáriz
{"title":"Trusting the Dependent Judiciary: Evidence From Ecuador","authors":"Paula Armendáriz","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2020005000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2020005000120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83528979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2020005000101
E. Montecinos
{"title":"Elección de gobernadores regionales en Chile: escenarios de cambio en las relaciones intergubernamentales.","authors":"E. Montecinos","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2020005000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2020005000101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83587501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2019000300489
Pedro Floriano Ribeiro, Oswaldo E. do Amaral
The literature on political parties has indicated a decline in the levels of party membership in established democracies. The few studies on Latin America show impressive membership figures, but they say nothing about profile and motivations of these individuals. Relying on original data from the first survey undertaken exclusively with party members in Brazil, this article describes the activists’ profiles and explains the determinants of high-intensity participation. The findings show that activists are older, have a higher socioeconomic status, and present positive attitudes about participation. The multivariate analysis indicates that high-intensity participation is anchored in collective incentives, cognitive resources, and the perception of political efficacy. Brazil’s political parties have an internal life and grassroots activities, which contradicts the traditional view of them.
{"title":"Militantes partidistas y participación de alta intensidad: evidencia desde el caso brasileño","authors":"Pedro Floriano Ribeiro, Oswaldo E. do Amaral","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2019000300489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2019000300489","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on political parties has indicated a decline in the levels of party membership in established democracies. The few studies on Latin America show impressive membership figures, but they say nothing about profile and motivations of these individuals. Relying on original data from the first survey undertaken exclusively with party members in Brazil, this article describes the activists’ profiles and explains the determinants of high-intensity participation. The findings show that activists are older, have a higher socioeconomic status, and present positive attitudes about participation. The multivariate analysis indicates that high-intensity participation is anchored in collective incentives, cognitive resources, and the perception of political efficacy. Brazil’s political parties have an internal life and grassroots activities, which contradicts the traditional view of them.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73648839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300435
María Elena Lorenzini, Gisela Pereyra Doval
El objetivo del articulo es interpelar los giros a la izquierda ocurridos en la primera decada del siglo XXI y, a la derecha, en la segunda. Para ello aplicamos el abordaje utilizado por Coppedge (1997, 2000) y construimos un mapa politico de Sudamerica. El vehiculo empirico seleccionado es la politica exterior de Argentina y Chile, cuyo analisis nos permite corroborar, o no, los desplazamientos del centro relativo del sistema politico (CRSP). Asi, hallamos que el sistema politico regional se ubico en una posicion de centro, mostrando un sobredimensionamiento de los giros politicos en la produccion academica reciente. En los sistemas politicos mas estables, la politica exterior no mostro cambios, mientras que en aquellos sistemas que atravesaron ciclos de signo diverso, la politica exterior experimento modificaciones de diversa intensidad.
{"title":"Posneoliberalismo y después: el centro relativo del sistema político y el ascenso de la marea celeste en el espejo de la política exterior de Argentina y Chile","authors":"María Elena Lorenzini, Gisela Pereyra Doval","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300435","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del articulo es interpelar los giros a la izquierda ocurridos en la primera decada del siglo XXI y, a la derecha, en la segunda. Para ello aplicamos el abordaje utilizado por Coppedge (1997, 2000) y construimos un mapa politico de Sudamerica. El vehiculo empirico seleccionado es la politica exterior de Argentina y Chile, cuyo analisis nos permite corroborar, o no, los desplazamientos del centro relativo del sistema politico (CRSP). Asi, hallamos que el sistema politico regional se ubico en una posicion de centro, mostrando un sobredimensionamiento de los giros politicos en la produccion academica reciente. En los sistemas politicos mas estables, la politica exterior no mostro cambios, mientras que en aquellos sistemas que atravesaron ciclos de signo diverso, la politica exterior experimento modificaciones de diversa intensidad.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86271696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300459
A. A. Martínez-Hernández, Nicolás Miranda Olivares
La investigacion desarrolla una propuesta metodologica para el estudio de la coherencia ideologico-programatica de los partidos politicos. El texto disena herramientas para el analisis espacial de distancia entre la ideologia formal del partido, expresada por el programa electoral, y las posiciones ideologicas que los representantes legislativos otorgan a sus organizaciones partidistas. Para ello, se analizan los partidos de Chile y Mexico, con la intencion de determinar las diferencias entre los partidos politicos y las coaliciones en distintos sistemas. La investigacion concluye que las coaliciones y partidos ubicados ideologicamente a la derecha de la escala, son menos coherentes que los ubicados a la izquierda, lo que es mas evidente en contextos de gobiernos de coalicion.
{"title":"La coherencia ideológico-programática de los partidos políticos en Chile y México: ¿en qué medida y por qué las ubicaciones de los parlamentarios coinciden con el contenido de los programas electorales?","authors":"A. A. Martínez-Hernández, Nicolás Miranda Olivares","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300459","url":null,"abstract":"La investigacion desarrolla una propuesta metodologica para el estudio de la coherencia ideologico-programatica de los partidos politicos. El texto disena herramientas para el analisis espacial de distancia entre la ideologia formal del partido, expresada por el programa electoral, y las posiciones ideologicas que los representantes legislativos otorgan a sus organizaciones partidistas. Para ello, se analizan los partidos de Chile y Mexico, con la intencion de determinar las diferencias entre los partidos politicos y las coaliciones en distintos sistemas. La investigacion concluye que las coaliciones y partidos ubicados ideologicamente a la derecha de la escala, son menos coherentes que los ubicados a la izquierda, lo que es mas evidente en contextos de gobiernos de coalicion.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84073672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300411
Ernesto Calvo, P. Clerici
In this article, we introduce readers to a new concept, Executive Decoupling, which describes a statistical decline in the capacity of the Executive to modify existing legislation by decree. In contrast with Bureaucratic Delegation models, which consider legislative encroachment by the Executive as a contextual event and the result of conflict among the different branches of the government, we show that increased statutory density restrains the ability of the Executive to legislate by decree. The motive is an increase in interdependence between legislative jurisdictions, some of which connect with issues that are restricted to the President. As the citation network of existing legislation expands, increased interdependence between jurisdictions prevents the executive from innovating in contiguous normative issue areas.
{"title":"Después de la delegación: la retracción de la autonomía legislativa del Poder Ejecutivo en Argentina","authors":"Ernesto Calvo, P. Clerici","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300411","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we introduce readers to a new concept, Executive Decoupling, which describes a statistical decline in the capacity of the Executive to modify existing legislation by decree. In contrast with Bureaucratic Delegation models, which consider legislative encroachment by the Executive as a contextual event and the result of conflict among the different branches of the government, we show that increased statutory density restrains the ability of the Executive to legislate by decree. The motive is an increase in interdependence between legislative jurisdictions, some of which connect with issues that are restricted to the President. As the citation network of existing legislation expands, increased interdependence between jurisdictions prevents the executive from innovating in contiguous normative issue areas.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80018391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300517
Carlos Vázquez Ferrel, Alejandro Díaz Domínguez
Party leaders seek candidates with the technical competence and career trajectories necessary to allow them to negotiate the legislative process, as well as to collaborate with the party leadership in relation to the coordination of both inter- and intra-party affairs. Using data from three legislative cycles of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies (2009 to 2016), we seek to explain the parliamentary actions of legislators in relation to characteristics such as their gender, mode of election, prior experience, and educational, legislative and partisan backgrounds. The objective is to identify some of the determinants of institutional power in a sui generis congress conditioned by the use of a mixed electoral system and a prohibition on consecutive reelection. The findings show that partisan leadership opportunities in the legislative branch tend to favor male legislators, those elected from party lists (as opposed to those elected by local majorities), those with previous legislative and partisan experience, and those whose political trajectories have seen them advance from the local to the national level.
{"title":"Poder e influencia en contextos de prohibición de reelección consecutiva: el caso de la Cámara de Diputados de México","authors":"Carlos Vázquez Ferrel, Alejandro Díaz Domínguez","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2019000300517","url":null,"abstract":"Party leaders seek candidates with the technical competence and career trajectories necessary to allow them to negotiate the legislative process, as well as to collaborate with the party leadership in relation to the coordination of both inter- and intra-party affairs. Using data from three legislative cycles of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies (2009 to 2016), we seek to explain the parliamentary actions of legislators in relation to characteristics such as their gender, mode of election, prior experience, and educational, legislative and partisan backgrounds. The objective is to identify some of the determinants of institutional power in a sui generis congress conditioned by the use of a mixed electoral system and a prohibition on consecutive reelection. The findings show that partisan leadership opportunities in the legislative branch tend to favor male legislators, those elected from party lists (as opposed to those elected by local majorities), those with previous legislative and partisan experience, and those whose political trajectories have seen them advance from the local to the national level.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90700680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2007000200006
F. D. Monte
The implementation of electronic voting in electoral administration has generated different opinions and ideas about its impact in the quality of democracy. As it has happened with many new technologies, some people see electronic voting as the breakdown of the representative democracy, whereas others consider it the beginning of a new era: digital democracy. This article identifies the two general forms in which it is found nowadays: the electronic voting machine and the e-vote. The dimensions that converge in the present debate are comparatively studied: the quality of democracy, new information technologies and electoral administration. An framework analysis is proposed to understand both the discourse positions on the implementation of electronic voting within a pessimistic-optimistic continuum and its actual potentialities in electoral administration. Finally, the political and social elements to be considered in the implementation of electronic voting are signaled. The article presents electronic voting as a mere instrument in electoral administration which may help to improve the quality of democracy as long as the context and conditions of the country where it is used are permeable to the potentialities of new technologies.
{"title":"Dimensiones discursivas en torno al voto electrónico","authors":"F. D. Monte","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2007000200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2007000200006","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of electronic voting in electoral administration has generated different opinions and ideas about its impact in the quality of democracy. As it has happened with many new technologies, some people see electronic voting as the breakdown of the representative democracy, whereas others consider it the beginning of a new era: digital democracy. This article identifies the two general forms in which it is found nowadays: the electronic voting machine and the e-vote. The dimensions that converge in the present debate are comparatively studied: the quality of democracy, new information technologies and electoral administration. An framework analysis is proposed to understand both the discourse positions on the implementation of electronic voting within a pessimistic-optimistic continuum and its actual potentialities in electoral administration. Finally, the political and social elements to be considered in the implementation of electronic voting are signaled. The article presents electronic voting as a mere instrument in electoral administration which may help to improve the quality of democracy as long as the context and conditions of the country where it is used are permeable to the potentialities of new technologies.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85356440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2003000100004
Emmanuelle Barozet
En este documento, presentamos el marco analitico y las hipotesis de trabajo de una investigacion en curso, acerca de la emergencia y el desarrollo del liderazgo politico de Joaquin Lavin, candidato a la Presidencia en 1999 y alcalde de Santiago Centro, y Jorge Soria, alcalde de Iquique, dos casos de liderazgo populista en Chile, uno nacional y otro local, poniendo un especial enfasis en el analisis de las redes sociales en las cuales se sustentan. Alejandonos de los enfoques institucionalistas y enfocandonos en su base social, consideramos que las adhesiones o simpatias que suscitan este tipo de liderazgos descansan en la instrumentalizacion de vinculos sociales rutinarios, tanto verticales como horizontales y tanto formales como informales, estructurados mediante redes duraderas, en especial en los sectores populares
{"title":"Movilización de recursos y redes sociales en los neopopulismos: Hipótesis de trabajo para el caso chileno","authors":"Emmanuelle Barozet","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2003000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2003000100004","url":null,"abstract":"En este documento, presentamos el marco analitico y las hipotesis de trabajo de una investigacion en curso, acerca de la emergencia y el desarrollo del liderazgo politico de Joaquin Lavin, candidato a la Presidencia en 1999 y alcalde de Santiago Centro, y Jorge Soria, alcalde de Iquique, dos casos de liderazgo populista en Chile, uno nacional y otro local, poniendo un especial enfasis en el analisis de las redes sociales en las cuales se sustentan. Alejandonos de los enfoques institucionalistas y enfocandonos en su base social, consideramos que las adhesiones o simpatias que suscitan este tipo de liderazgos descansan en la instrumentalizacion de vinculos sociales rutinarios, tanto verticales como horizontales y tanto formales como informales, estructurados mediante redes duraderas, en especial en los sectores populares","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72652643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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