Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100001
Santiago Basabe-Serrano
This article analyzes the professional careers of legislators who conclude their terms and retire from electoral politics. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, drawing on data from interviews, media reports, secondary source material, and an original database of Ecuadorian legislators’ political careers between 1979 and 2007. Counterintuitively, the findings suggest that nearly half of Ecuadorian deputies have what Schlesinger (1966) termed discreet legislative careers. In addition, the article argues that weak political party institutionalization, understood as the monopolization of candidate selection mechanisms by party leaders, explains this type of political behavior. Following this theoretical argument, which contradicts the theories of electoral connection and political ambition, discreet political careers appear to constitute a pattern of systematic political behavior in some Latin American legislatures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100001
{"title":"Carreras legislativas discretas en contextos de débil institucionalización partidista: Propuesta teórica y evidencia empírica aplicada a la legislatura de Ecuador, 1979-2007","authors":"Santiago Basabe-Serrano","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100001","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the professional careers of legislators who conclude their terms and retire from electoral politics. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, drawing on data from interviews, media reports, secondary source material, and an original database of Ecuadorian legislators’ political careers between 1979 and 2007. Counterintuitively, the findings suggest that nearly half of Ecuadorian deputies have what Schlesinger (1966) termed discreet legislative careers. In addition, the article argues that weak political party institutionalization, understood as the monopolization of candidate selection mechanisms by party leaders, explains this type of political behavior. Following this theoretical argument, which contradicts the theories of electoral connection and political ambition, discreet political careers appear to constitute a pattern of systematic political behavior in some Latin American legislatures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100001","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77934999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100083
G. Medero, Bernabé Aldeguer Cerdá
This paper analyses relations between political parties, parliamentary groups, and members of the Chamber of Deputies, with the aim of measuring the extent of existing party discipline. Unlike other studies that have examined this issue, the current analysis is not limited to descriptive discussions of disciplinary measures, but uses quantitative tools in order to assess the extent of parliamentary discipline. As a result, we obtain crucial information on the nature of party discipline, the costs and benefits that parliamentarians face when acting individually versus collectively, and the factors that affect levels of cohesion and discipline and how we determine them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100083
{"title":"Un estudio de la disciplina partidista de los diputados españoles en el Congreso","authors":"G. Medero, Bernabé Aldeguer Cerdá","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100083","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses relations between political parties, parliamentary groups, and members of the Chamber of Deputies, with the aim of measuring the extent of existing party discipline. Unlike other studies that have examined this issue, the current analysis is not limited to descriptive discussions of disciplinary measures, but uses quantitative tools in order to assess the extent of parliamentary discipline. As a result, we obtain crucial information on the nature of party discipline, the costs and benefits that parliamentarians face when acting individually versus collectively, and the factors that affect levels of cohesion and discipline and how we determine them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100083","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73133360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100025
Victor Araújo, Andréa Freitas, M. Vieira
Is there a relationship between a party’s capacity to influence legislative decision-making and its decision to be part of a government coalition? In this study, we argue that when formal legislative rules are more conducive to actors’ policy preferences, parties have fewer incentives to join the cabinet. To test our analytical model, we analyze 68 governments and 112 cabinets in 12 presidential systems, from 1979 to 2011. Our results indicate that the decision to integrate the cabinet in presidential systems is related to the level of influence parties have on legislative policy formation in Latin American democracies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100025
{"title":"The Presidential Logic of Government Formation in Latin American Democracies","authors":"Victor Araújo, Andréa Freitas, M. Vieira","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100025","url":null,"abstract":"Is there a relationship between a party’s capacity to influence legislative decision-making and its decision to be part of a government coalition? In this study, we argue that when formal legislative rules are more conducive to actors’ policy preferences, parties have fewer incentives to join the cabinet. To test our analytical model, we analyze 68 governments and 112 cabinets in 12 presidential systems, from 1979 to 2011. Our results indicate that the decision to integrate the cabinet in presidential systems is related to the level of influence parties have on legislative policy formation in Latin American democracies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100025","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89818766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100105
Rocío Lorca
Through an assessment of the normative implications of economic exploitation, the article seeks to strengthen the thesis that principles of egalitarian distributive justice should apply globally. The existence of an international economic order that produces relations of exploitation demands the application of the standards of an egalitarian distributive justice for two kinds of reasons. First, this is because exploitation must be justified in a similar way and for similar reasons as coercion. Second, this is because the existence of exploitation implies high levels of institutional and economic cooperation and interdependence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100105
{"title":"Explotación y justicia global","authors":"Rocío Lorca","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100105","url":null,"abstract":"Through an assessment of the normative implications of economic exploitation, the article seeks to strengthen the thesis that principles of egalitarian distributive justice should apply globally. The existence of an international economic order that produces relations of exploitation demands the application of the standards of an egalitarian distributive justice for two kinds of reasons. First, this is because exploitation must be justified in a similar way and for similar reasons as coercion. Second, this is because the existence of exploitation implies high levels of institutional and economic cooperation and interdependence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100105","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83587879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100051
Asbel Bohigues
Previous studies of support for democracy have emphasized the views of the populace. By contrast, this article analyzes the profile of Latin American legislative elites who do not support democracy unconditionally: the ambivalent democrats. Although several studies have analyzed the role of elites in democratic processes, the nature and importance of ambivalent democrats remains poorly understood. Thus, this analysis, without ignoring context or differences between countries, examines the characteristic values and attitudes of those deputies who, under certain circumstances, would support authoritarian governments. Results show that, contrary to literature’s statements, ambivalent democrats are not strongly radical, distrustful, or intolerant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100051
{"title":"El apoyo a la democracia en los parlamentos latinoamericanos. Análisis del demócrata ambivalente","authors":"Asbel Bohigues","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2018000100051","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies of support for democracy have emphasized the views of the populace. By contrast, this article analyzes the profile of Latin American legislative elites who do not support democracy unconditionally: the ambivalent democrats. Although several studies have analyzed the role of elites in democratic processes, the nature and importance of ambivalent democrats remains poorly understood. Thus, this analysis, without ignoring context or differences between countries, examines the characteristic values and attitudes of those deputies who, under certain circumstances, would support authoritarian governments. Results show that, contrary to literature’s statements, ambivalent democrats are not strongly radical, distrustful, or intolerant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100051","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90429363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-090x2018000300459
I. Sposito
{"title":"Policy Windows for Foreign Policy Shifts in Latin American and Caribbean States","authors":"I. Sposito","doi":"10.4067/s0718-090x2018000300459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000300459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75657645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300737
A. Kolers
{"title":"Latin America in Theories of Territorial Rights","authors":"A. Kolers","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82277681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300755
A. Mancilla
My aim in this article is to discuss the formation of poblaciones callampa (shanty towns) in Chile during the second half of the twentieth century (especially between 1950 and 1970), as an expression of the right of necessity of thousands of homeless persons. I suggest that this social phenomenon is the germ of the consequent tomas de sitio (illegal encampments), where the requisites to take part were “to be poor, to have children, three sticks and a flag.” The individual right of necessity is the foundation of the formal claims of politically-organized groups looking for a permanent place to live that fulfills minimal criteria of social justice. Although the argument is focused on the specific case of the Chilean callampas, I suggest that the same logic may be applied to other cases of precarious, illegal settlements in Latin America and worldwide.
我在这篇文章中的目的是讨论20世纪下半叶(特别是1950年至1970年之间)智利棚户区的形成，作为成千上万无家可归者的必需品的表达。我认为这种社会现象是后来的tomas de sitio(非法营地)的根源，在那里参加的必要条件是“贫穷，有孩子，三根棍子和一面旗帜”。个人的生存权是有政治组织的群体寻求一个满足社会正义最低标准的永久居住地的正式主张的基础。虽然这一论点集中在智利卡兰帕斯的具体案例上，但我认为，同样的逻辑可能适用于拉丁美洲和全世界其他不稳定的非法定居点的案例。
{"title":"Las poblaciones callampa como expresión del derecho de necesidad","authors":"A. Mancilla","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300755","url":null,"abstract":"My aim in this article is to discuss the formation of poblaciones callampa (shanty towns) in Chile during the second half of the twentieth century (especially between 1950 and 1970), as an expression of the right of necessity of thousands of homeless persons. I suggest that this social phenomenon is the germ of the consequent tomas de sitio (illegal encampments), where the requisites to take part were “to be poor, to have children, three sticks and a flag.” The individual right of necessity is the foundation of the formal claims of politically-organized groups looking for a permanent place to live that fulfills minimal criteria of social justice. Although the argument is focused on the specific case of the Chilean callampas, I suggest that the same logic may be applied to other cases of precarious, illegal settlements in Latin America and worldwide.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86595243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300711
A. Mancilla, Christian Barry
{"title":"Introduction: land claims in Latin America","authors":"A. Mancilla, Christian Barry","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79363414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300635
Germán Lodola, Philip Kitzberger
To what extent did media politicization linked to “new left” governments in Latin America affect media trust? Using individual level data in Argentina, where the government-multimedia conflict was intense, we examine the impact of three political variables: sophistication, preferences, and issues. We find that persons who identified as kirchneristas express less trust, while government voters evaluate media outlets considering presidential performance. In contrast to public opinion in the US, conservatives reveal higher levels of trust. Moreover, individual attributes linked to political sophistication are negatively correlated with media trust, while victims of crime manifest lower levels of credibility. These results have implications for the study of media politics, and the role of elites’ frames and rhetoric in shaping individual perceptions about mass media.
{"title":"Politización y confianza en los medios de comunicación: Argentina durante el kirchnerismo","authors":"Germán Lodola, Philip Kitzberger","doi":"10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2017000300635","url":null,"abstract":"To what extent did media politicization linked to “new left” governments in Latin America affect media trust? Using individual level data in Argentina, where the government-multimedia conflict was intense, we examine the impact of three political variables: sophistication, preferences, and issues. We find that persons who identified as kirchneristas express less trust, while government voters evaluate media outlets considering presidential performance. In contrast to public opinion in the US, conservatives reveal higher levels of trust. Moreover, individual attributes linked to political sophistication are negatively correlated with media trust, while victims of crime manifest lower levels of credibility. These results have implications for the study of media politics, and the role of elites’ frames and rhetoric in shaping individual perceptions about mass media.","PeriodicalId":45507,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Ciencia Politica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80465264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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