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Authoritarianism in the discourse of online forums: A study of its articulations in the Swedish context 网络论坛话语中的威权主义:瑞典语境下的表达研究
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0011
Mats Ekström
Abstract The overall aim of this study is to explore the authoritarian dimension in the far-right discourse of online forums. The study argues for a focus on the articulations of authoritarianism to understand the dynamics of far-right discourse. Four central features of authoritarianism are identified and explored: 1) the authoritarian values underlying articulated opinions on diverse issues; 2) the emotional dimension of authoritarianism; 3) the coexistence of civil and uncivil articulations of authoritarianism; and 4) the role of mainstream news as reference for and trigger of authoritarian responses. The qualitative study is based on data from two Swedish forums, Flashback and Familjeliv [Family life], and consists of 79 threads related to three issues on the agenda: disorder in school, gang crime, and transgender. The results show expressions of authoritarian–liberal value conflicts, and, most significantly, the vigour of an authoritarian culture on the forums, with implications for the normalisation of far-right discourse.
摘要本研究的总体目的是探讨网络论坛极右翼话语中的威权维度。该研究主张关注威权主义的表达,以理解极右翼话语的动态。本文确定并探讨了威权主义的四个核心特征:1)在不同问题上明确的观点背后的威权价值观;2)威权主义的情感维度;3)威权主义的文明表达和非文明表达并存;4)主流新闻作为权威回应的参考和触发因素。这项定性研究基于两个瑞典论坛Flashback和Familjeliv[家庭生活]的数据,包含79个主题,涉及三个议题:学校混乱、帮派犯罪和跨性别。研究结果显示了威权主义与自由主义价值观冲突的表现,最重要的是,威权主义文化在论坛上的活力,这对极右翼话语的正常化有影响。
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引用次数: 0
The changing role of a video-on-demand service in the strategies of public service media: A production study of Danish TV 2 Play and its impact on the production culture of the schedulers, 2016–2022 视频点播服务在公共服务媒体战略中的角色变化:2016-2022年丹麦电视2剧的制作研究及其对调度人员制作文化的影响
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0013
Hanne Bruun
Abstract This article highlights and discusses the main findings from three different media production studies (2016, 2019, and 2022) investigating the changing production culture of the schedulers in public service media. The inclusion of a broadcaster video-on-demand (BVoD) service in the broadcaster's portfolio affected the production culture. First, the article argues that profound changes happened to the organisational framing of the BVoD service's status and its impact on the production practices. Second, the article shows the BVoD service's impact on the content priorities among the schedulers at TV 2 in Denmark and third, how the public service branding of TV 2 became more explicit in the production culture. However, across these three points of impact and the shifts in the strategic focus at TV 2, the business model at TV 2 and its interplay with the public service obligations runs as an undercurrent.
本文重点介绍并讨论了三项不同媒体生产研究(2016年、2019年和2022年)的主要发现,这些研究调查了公共服务媒体调度员不断变化的生产文化。将广播公司的视频点播(BVoD)服务纳入广播公司的投资组合影响了生产文化。首先,本文认为BVoD服务地位的组织框架发生了深刻的变化,并对生产实践产生了影响。其次,本文展示了BVoD服务对丹麦电视2台节目编排者的内容优先级的影响;第三,电视2台的公共服务品牌如何在制作文化中变得更加明确。然而,在这三点的影响和战略重点的转变中,电视2台的商业模式及其与公共服务义务的相互作用作为一种暗流运行。
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引用次数: 0
The reappropriation of time in television: How traditional qualities of broadcast media are being adopted by their video-on-demand services 电视时间的重新分配:广播媒体的传统品质如何被其视频点播服务所采用
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0012
Julie Münter Lassen
Abstract As on-demand media claim an increasing amount of the time we spend on digital media, traditional broadcasters have adopted video on-demand (VoD) services as a means of presenting their programmes. This article analyses two Danish VoD services offered by legacy broadcasters – that is, BVoD services. It argues that the traditional features of broadcast television, to communicate liveness and immediacy, are reappropriated in the publishing practices of the BVoD services. With an analytical focus on the use of temporal paratexts, the article finds that whereas both services emphasise liveness and immediacy in their publishing practices, they apply different means of expressing the temporal qualities. These differences can be attributed to organisational differences. Finally, the article concludes that competitiveness, distinctiveness, and the public service identity of the broadcasters are explanatory factors for the reappropriation of time-structured publishing in the two Danish BVoD services DRTV and TV 2 Play.
摘要随着点播媒体声称我们在数字媒体上花费的时间越来越多,传统广播公司已经采用视频点播(VoD)服务作为展示节目的一种方式。本文分析了传统广播公司提供的两种丹麦VoD服务,即BVoD服务。它认为,广播电视的传统特征,即传达生动性和即时性,在BVoD服务的出版实践中被重新利用。文章分析了时间副文本的使用,发现尽管这两个服务在出版实践中都强调生动性和即时性,但它们使用了不同的方式来表达时间品质。这些差异可归因于组织差异。最后,文章得出结论,广播公司的竞争力、独特性和公共服务身份是丹麦两个BVoD服务DRTV和TV2 Play重新采用时间结构出版的解释因素。
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引用次数: 0
Audience metrics as disruptive innovation: Analysing emotional work of Finnish journalism professionals 受众指标作为颠覆性创新:分析芬兰新闻专业人士的情感工作
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0009
Laura Ahva, Liisa Ovaska
Abstract Audience metrics in journalism can be seen as a disruptive innovation: a technological invention that boosts journalism but at the same time disturbs it. The use of metrics has therefore drawn journalists into a sensitive sense-making process: They do emotional work to be able to manage the metrics-related requirements of their work. To further assess why metrics in Finland remains a sensitive issue, in this article we ask: 1) What is the Finnish news professionals’ emotional work about metrics directed at? 2) What is the relationship between this emotional work and the cycle of disruption and innovation? The empirical material consists of nine qualitative interviews with Finnish news managers and a set of open-ended survey responses from the editorial staff of the largest Finnish daily, Helsingin Sanomat. In addition, eight background interviews with third-party analytics providers were used as supportive material. We conclude that the emotional work is centred on relief, excitement, and stress, and it is directed at seeing the audience as an algorithmic conception, increasing the organisations’ capabilities through learning, and maintaining autonomy, respectively. Emotional work thus alleviates and stimulates, as well as balances journalism's relationship with the disruptive innovation of metrics.
新闻业的受众指标可以被视为一种颠覆性创新:一种促进新闻业发展的技术发明,但同时也干扰了新闻业。因此,指标的使用将记者带入了一个敏感的意义构建过程:他们进行情感工作,以便能够管理其工作中与指标相关的需求。为了进一步评估为什么芬兰的指标仍然是一个敏感的问题,在这篇文章中,我们问:1)芬兰新闻专业人员针对指标的情感工作是什么?2)这种情感工作与颠覆和创新周期之间的关系是什么?实证材料包括对芬兰新闻经理的九次定性访谈和芬兰最大日报《赫尔辛日报》编辑人员的一组开放式调查回应。此外,与第三方分析提供商的8个背景访谈被用作支持材料。我们得出的结论是,情感工作以缓解、兴奋和压力为中心,它的目标是将观众视为一个算法概念,通过学习提高组织的能力,并保持自主性。因此,情感工作可以缓解、刺激并平衡新闻业与指标颠覆性创新的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Post-publication gatekeeping practices: Exploring conversational and visual gatekeeping on Finnish newspapers’ Instagram accounts 出版后的把关实践:探索芬兰报纸Instagram账户上的对话和视觉把关
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0014
Margareta Salonen, Salla-Maaria Laaksonen
Abstract News media share gatekeeping power with social media platforms and audiences in the digital news environment. This means news media is no longer the sole gatekeeper when gatekeeping is viewed post-publication, that is after news content has been published and entered circulation. In this study, we approach interacting and commenting on social media as post-publication gatekeeping practices. This means gatekeeping materialises as and in social interaction, as conversational gatekeeping. We engaged in a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Instagram posts and comments on Finnish newspapers’ Instagram accounts during a period of one year (April 2019–March 2020) to explore how conversational gatekeeping emerges in the increasingly visual and multimodal social media environment. We contribute to the emerging stream of post-publication gatekeeping research by showing how multimodal Instagram content initiated four different styles of performing conversational gatekeeping: affirmative, critical, corrective, and invitational styles. Our typology helps to understand the social interactional relationship between news media and their audiences in general, as well as the micro-level practices of post-publication gatekeeping in particular.
摘要在数字新闻环境下,新闻媒体与社交媒体平台和受众共享把关权。这意味着,在新闻内容发布并进入流通后,新闻媒体不再是唯一的看门人。在这项研究中,我们将社交媒体上的互动和评论视为出版后的把关实践。这意味着在社交互动中,作为会话式的守门人,守门成为了现实。在一年的时间里(2019年4月至2020年3月),我们对芬兰报纸Instagram账户上的Instagram帖子和评论进行了定量和定性分析,以探索对话把关是如何在日益视觉化和多模式的社交媒体环境中出现的。我们展示了多模式的Instagram内容如何引发四种不同风格的对话式把关:肯定式、批判性、纠正性和邀请式,为新兴的出版后把关研究做出了贡献。我们的类型学有助于理解新闻媒体与其受众之间的社会互动关系,尤其是出版后把关的微观实践。
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引用次数: 0
Undermining the legitimacy of the news media: How Swedish members of parliament use Twitter to criticise the news media 破坏新闻媒体的合法性:瑞典国会议员如何利用Twitter批评新闻媒体
Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0015
Agnes Liminga, Jesper Strömbäck
Abstract Over the last decade, the news media increasingly seem to have become a target for politically motivated criticism seeking to delegitimise the news media. The prevalence of delegitimising media criticism is, however, unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which Swedish members of parliament (MPs) engage in delegitimising media criticism on Twitter, the party distribution of those engaging in such media criticism, and the targets and expressions of such media critique. Among other things, the findings show that when MPs tweet about the news media, they are more likely to be critical than supportive, and that a clear majority of tweets that are critical toward the news media contain delegitimising media criticism. Moreover, the results show that MPs from the political right – in particular the Moderate Party and the Sweden Democrats – are most active in tweeting delegitimising media criticism, and that the most common target is public service media.
在过去的十年中,新闻媒体似乎越来越多地成为政治动机批评的目标,这些批评试图使新闻媒体失去合法性。然而,目前尚不清楚媒体批评是否普遍存在。因此,本研究的目的是调查瑞典国会议员(MPs)在多大程度上参与了在Twitter上对媒体的非法批评,参与此类媒体批评的政党分布,以及此类媒体批评的目标和表达。除此之外,调查结果显示,当国会议员在推特上谈论新闻媒体时,他们更有可能是批评而不是支持,而且绝大多数对新闻媒体持批评态度的推文都包含了使媒体批评失去合法性的内容。此外,结果显示,政治右翼的国会议员——尤其是温和党和瑞典民主党——最积极地在推特上诋毁媒体的批评,而最常见的目标是公共服务媒体。
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引用次数: 1
Politicians’ social media usage in a hybrid media environment: A scoping review of the literature between 2008–2022 混合媒体环境下政治家的社交媒体使用:2008-2022年间文献的范围审查
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0010
M. K. Severin-Nielsen
Abstract In recent years, politicians and political parties have increasingly adopted various social media as political communication platforms. While the research on the topic has provided valuable knowledge about politicians’ use of these platforms and the immediate effects, the literature has mainly studied the usage in isolation from their broader communication with citizens. This article provides an overview of the emerging literature that examines politicians’ social media usage in a broader context. Through a scoping review of 49 studies published between 2008 and November 2022, the study identifies three main themes and seven subthemes in the literature and calls for more research to build more robust knowledge across different study contexts. In particular, the review emphasises a need for more longitudinal and qualitative perspectives to assess how politicians navigate between competing media logics in a hybrid media environment, how the new reality impacts them, and whether it alters their communication with citizens over time.
摘要近年来,政治家和政党越来越多地采用各种社交媒体作为政治交流平台。虽然对该主题的研究为政治家使用这些平台及其直接影响提供了宝贵的知识,但文献主要是在与公民进行更广泛交流的情况下研究这些平台的使用。这篇文章概述了新兴的文献,这些文献从更广泛的背景下审视了政治家对社交媒体的使用。通过对2008年至2022年11月期间发表的49项研究的范围审查,该研究确定了文献中的三个主要主题和七个子主题,并呼吁进行更多的研究,以在不同的研究背景下建立更强大的知识。特别是,该审查强调需要更纵向和定性的视角,以评估政治家如何在混合媒体环境中在相互竞争的媒体逻辑之间导航,新的现实如何影响他们,以及随着时间的推移,它是否会改变他们与公民的沟通。
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引用次数: 1
Social media as an agenda-setting instrument in local politics 社交媒体作为地方政治议程设置工具
Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0016
Beate Steinveg, Hilde Bjørnå
Abstract This article contributes to the literature on political agenda-setting on social media in the local context. Using interviews with local politicians in northern Norway, we discuss local politicians’ use of social media for agenda-setting in between elections from an agency perspective. We ask whether local politicians seek to promote and control the definition of an issue on social media, and whether local politicians are influenced by citizens’ opinions on these platforms. We find that local politicians do take advantage of social media in the agenda-setting process, both for problem definition and to sell their ideas. Our findings reveal that local politicians use social media to bypass traditional media for political messaging and that they are sensitive to public opinion on Facebook. Furthermore, there is evidence in our study of online debates brought into formal policymaking processes.
摘要本文对地方语境下社交媒体上政治议程设置的文献进行了梳理。通过对挪威北部地方政治家的访谈,我们从机构的角度讨论了地方政治家在选举之间使用社交媒体进行议程设置的情况。我们询问当地政客是否试图在社交媒体上促进和控制一个问题的定义,以及当地政客是否受到这些平台上公民意见的影响。我们发现,地方政客在议程设定过程中确实利用了社交媒体,无论是为了定义问题,还是为了推销自己的想法。我们的研究结果表明,当地政客使用社交媒体绕过传统媒体进行政治信息传递,他们对Facebook上的民意很敏感。此外,在我们的研究中有证据表明,在线辩论被引入了正式的政策制定过程。
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引用次数: 0
Future directions of professional photographers: A case study of changing hats between journalism and humanitarian photography 职业摄影师的未来方向:新闻摄影与人道主义摄影转换的个案研究
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0004
J. Mäenpää
Abstract This article examines the professional values of self-employed photographers and other communication professionals who have worked for both journalism and humanitarian nongovernmental organisations (NGOs). These professionals face the current changes in the media work environment and expand their reach to different fields to find new work opportunities. The study focuses on the photographers’ motivations and professional values in addition to NGO–journalism relations. The findings show that pushing factors in the journalistic field, along with pulling factors in NGO work, motivate photographers to choose advocacy work. When photographers change from photojournalism to NGO photography, they must adhere to new professional values and ethics that mix with their existing values and which may occasionally contradict with photojournalistic working methods or the marketing and fundraising images at the NGOs, causing ethical dilemmas. Finally, photographers with a photojournalism background help NGOs gain news media publicity, yet they are rarely able to change the news agenda.
摘要本文考察了为新闻和人道主义非政府组织工作的个体摄影师和其他传播专业人员的职业价值观。这些专业人士面对当前媒体工作环境的变化,将他们的触角扩展到不同的领域,寻找新的工作机会。除了非政府组织与新闻界的关系外,本研究还关注摄影师的动机和职业价值观。研究结果表明,新闻领域的推动因素和非政府组织工作的拉动因素促使摄影师选择宣传工作。当摄影师从摄影新闻转向非政府组织摄影时,他们必须坚持新的职业价值观和道德观,这些价值观和伦理观与他们现有的价值观相结合,有时可能与摄影新闻的工作方法或非政府组织的营销和筹款图像相矛盾,从而导致道德困境。最后,具有摄影新闻背景的摄影师帮助非政府组织获得新闻媒体的宣传,但他们很少能够改变新闻议程。
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引用次数: 0
Between harm and sensationalism: Court reporters negotiating objectivity when reflecting on ethical dilemmas in the Submarine Murder Trial 在伤害与耸人听闻之间:法庭记者在反思潜艇谋杀案审判中的道德困境时谈判的客观性
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2023-0006
Marion Wittchen
Abstract The trial of amateur submarine builder Peter Madsen for the murder of the Swedish journalist Kim Wall was one of the most publicised trials in recent Danish history. Through in-depth interviews with ten prominent Danish reporters who covered the trial, this study examines how court reporters negotiate and struggle with ethical dilemmas related to objectivity as both an institutional ideal and an ethical rule under the Media Liability Act. I demonstrate how reporters negotiate and strategise to maintain objectivity in relation to facts, relevance, the telling of both sides, and the avoidance of prejudging. I further highlight the dispute between fact-based reporters and a minor group endorsing interpretive and narrative reporting and advocating for a more pragmatic approach to objectivity. A core finding is how technological advancements and massive public interest have paved the way for new ethical practices, referred to here as “strategic ritual 2.0”.
摘要对业余潜艇建造商彼得·马德森谋杀瑞典记者金·沃尔的审判是丹麦近代史上最受关注的审判之一。通过对报道审判的十位著名丹麦记者的深入采访,本研究考察了法庭记者如何在与客观性相关的道德困境中进行谈判和斗争,客观性既是《媒体责任法》规定的制度理想,也是道德规则。我展示了记者如何谈判和制定战略,以保持与事实、相关性、双方陈述的客观性,并避免预先判断。我进一步强调了以事实为基础的记者与支持解释性和叙述性报道并倡导更务实的客观性方法的少数群体之间的争议。一个核心发现是,技术进步和巨大的公众利益如何为新的道德实践铺平了道路,在这里被称为“战略仪式2.0”。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nordicom Review
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