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A populist turn?: News editorials and the recent discursive shift on immigration in Sweden 民粹主义转向?新闻社论和最近瑞典关于移民的话语转变
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0007
Mattias Ekman, M. Krzyżanowski
Abstract This article undertakes a critical discourse analysis of Swedish quality newspaper editorials and their evolving framing of immigration since the 2015 peak of the recent European “refugee crisis”. Positioned within the ongoing discursive shifts in the Swedish public sphere and the growth of discursive uncivility in its mainstream areas, the analysis highlights how xenophobic and racist discourses once propagated by the far and radical right gradually penetrate into the studied broadsheet newspapers. We argue that the examined editorials carry the tendency to normalise once radical perceptions of immigration. This takes place by incorporating various discursive strategies embedded in wider argumentative frames – or topoi – of demographic consequences, Islam and Islamisation, threat, and integration. All of these enable constructing claims against immigration now apparently prevalent in the examined strands of the Swedish “quality” press.
摘要本文对瑞典优质报纸社论及其自2015年欧洲“难民危机”高峰以来移民框架的演变进行了批判性话语分析。该分析着眼于瑞典公共领域正在发生的话语转变及其主流领域话语不文明的增长,强调了曾经由极右翼和激进右翼传播的仇外和种族主义言论是如何逐渐渗透到所研究的大报中的。我们认为,经过审查的社论有将一度激进的移民观念正常化的趋势。这是通过将各种话语策略纳入更广泛的人口后果、伊斯兰教和伊斯兰化、威胁和融合的争论框架或拓扑中来实现的。所有这些都有助于构建针对移民的主张,而这些主张现在显然在瑞典“优质”媒体的审查中普遍存在。
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引用次数: 17
Unpacking uncivil society: Incivility and intolerance in the 2018 Irish abortion referendum discussions on Twitter 揭开不文明社会的面纱:推特上2018年爱尔兰堕胎公投讨论中的不文明和不容忍
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0009
D. Oh, Suzanne Elayan, M. Sykora, J. Downey
Abstract In the era of rising populist sentiment, deep social and political polarisations, and a growing crisis of online harms, numerous scholars share concern about the impact of such uncivil populist forces on the health of liberal democracy. This article argues that we should first normatively distinguish between incivility and intolerance. We contend that the core problem of uncivil society is intolerance, not incivility. We then empirically analyse incivility and intolerance during the 2018 Irish abortion referendum and its discussions on Twitter by conducting a content analysis and qualitative textual analysis of 3,000 tweets posted between April and June 2018. The results show that despite selecting a highly emotive and polarised issue, incivility and intolerance do not dominate the Twittersphere. Furthermore, gender and political position of users were found to be associated with use of incivility and intolerance, which increased as the referendum approached.
在民粹主义情绪高涨、社会和政治两极分化严重、网络危害危机日益严重的时代,许多学者都担心这种不文明的民粹主义力量会对自由民主的健康产生影响。本文认为,我们应该首先从规范上区分不礼貌和不宽容。我们认为,不文明社会的核心问题是不宽容,而不是不文明。然后,我们通过对2018年4月至6月期间发布的3000条推文进行内容分析和定性文本分析,实证分析了2018年爱尔兰堕胎公投及其在推特上的讨论期间的不礼貌和不容忍行为。结果显示,尽管选择了一个高度情绪化和两极分化的问题,但不礼貌和不宽容并没有主导推特圈。此外,发现用户的性别和政治立场与不礼貌和不容忍的使用有关,随着公民投票的临近,这种情况有所增加。
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引用次数: 6
Recontextualising the news: How antisemitic discourses are constructed in extreme far-right alternative media 新闻文本化:反犹太主义话语是如何在极右翼另类媒体中构建的
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0005
Birgitte P. Haanshuus, K. A. Ihlebæk
Abstract This study explores how an extreme far-right alternative media site uses content from professional media to convey uncivil news with an antisemitic message. Analytically, it rests on a critical discourse analysis of 231 news items, originating from established national and international news sources, published on Frihetskamp from 2011–2018. In the study, we explore how news items are recontextualised to portray both overt and covert antisemitic discourses, and we identify four antisemitic representations that are reinforced through the selection and adjustment of news: Jews as powerful, as intolerant and anti-liberal, as exploiters of victimhood, and as inferior. These conspiratorial and exclusionary ideas, also known from historical Nazi propaganda, are thus reproduced by linking them to contemporary societal and political contexts and the current news agenda. We argue that this kind of recontextualised, uncivil news can be difficult to detect in a digital public sphere.
摘要本研究探讨了极右翼另类媒体网站如何利用专业媒体的内容来传达带有反犹太主义信息的不文明新闻。从分析角度来看,它基于对2011年至2018年在Frihetskamp上发表的231条新闻的批判性话语分析,这些新闻来源于既定的国家和国际新闻来源。在这项研究中,我们探讨了新闻项目如何被重新文本化,以描绘公开和隐蔽的反犹太主义话语,我们确定了四种通过新闻的选择和调整而得到强化的反犹太主义表述:犹太人是强大的,是不宽容和反自由的,是受害者的剥削者,也是低劣的。这些阴谋和排斥思想,也被称为纳粹历史宣传,因此通过将其与当代社会和政治背景以及当前新闻议程联系起来,得以再现。我们认为,这种重新文本化的、不文明的新闻在数字公共领域很难被发现。
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引用次数: 14
News consumption patterns in Iceland 冰岛的新闻消费模式
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0019
Valgerður Jóhannsdóttir
Abstract News consumption has changed dramatically in the digital age, becoming increasingly complicated and fragmented. In this study, I analyse news consumption patterns in Iceland, drawing on data from a survey conducted in 2017, and compare it with news consumption in other Nordic countries. It is the first such study in Iceland in the digital age. The findings demonstrate that news are widely consumed by the general public, as in general in the Nordic region. Online sites are Icelanders’ most popular main source of news, followed by television and then social media. Legacy media are still most people's primary source of news, even if they are accessed on new platforms. Like in other Nordic countries, a small minority interacts with news online.
数字时代的新闻消费发生了巨大的变化,呈现出日益复杂和碎片化的趋势。在这项研究中,我利用2017年进行的一项调查的数据,分析了冰岛的新闻消费模式,并将其与其他北欧国家的新闻消费进行了比较。这是冰岛在数字时代进行的首次此类研究。研究结果表明,新闻被普通大众广泛消费,在北欧地区也是如此。在线网站是冰岛人最受欢迎的主要新闻来源,其次是电视,然后是社交媒体。传统媒体仍然是大多数人的主要新闻来源,即使是在新的平台上。与其他北欧国家一样,只有少数人在网上与新闻互动。
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引用次数: 2
Media policy in Greenland 格陵兰的媒体政策
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0016
Signe Ravn-Højgaard
Abstract This article describes the historical development of media policy in Greenland, and the shifts in the underlying normative and causal ideas that legitimise media policy. I argue that media policy reflects changes in Greenland's political system. Specifically, under colonial rule, Greenlandic media was state run and media was seen as an instrument to educate the population. Gradually, with the introduction of home rule, a paradigm shift took place, whereby media was seen as a vital instrument to strengthen Greenlandic language and identity. At the same time, normative ideas of media independence appeared which called for institutionalisation of the arm's length principle. Due to the influence and institutional spill-over from Denmark, I argue, Greenlandic media policy fit rather well into the “Nordic media model” although media policy in Greenland is mostly formulated without long-term or broad political agreements.
摘要本文描述了格陵兰媒体政策的历史发展,以及使媒体政策合法化的潜在规范和因果思想的转变。我认为媒体政策反映了格陵兰政治制度的变化。具体而言,在殖民统治下,格陵兰媒体由国家运营,媒体被视为教育民众的工具。渐渐地,随着自治的引入,范式发生了转变,媒体被视为加强格陵兰语言和身份的重要工具。与此同时,出现了媒体独立的规范思想,要求将公平原则制度化。我认为,由于丹麦的影响和制度溢出,格陵兰的媒体政策非常符合“北欧媒体模式”,尽管格陵兰的媒体策略大多是在没有长期或广泛政治协议的情况下制定的。
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引用次数: 1
Uncivility, racism, and populism: Discourses and interactive practices in anti- & post-democratic communication 不文明、种族主义与民粹主义:反民主与后民主传播中的话语与互动实践
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0003
M. Krzyżanowski, Mattias Ekman, Per-Erik Nilsson, M. Gardell, C. Christensen
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引用次数: 14
A Sámi media system? Sámi媒体系统?
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0015
Torkel Rasmussen, I. Sara, Roy Krøvel
Abstract In this article, we propose a history of Sámi journalism and news media as a step in the direction of analysing the existing media system in Sápmi. Numerous Sámi activists and organisations have contributed to the establishment and running of Sámi media – in interaction, cooperation, and conflict with external actors such as missionaries, investors, and state institutions. This has resulted in a rich and vivid Sámi media environment and infrastructure, with many of the characteristics of a media system. However, fundamental processes governing the Sámi media system are subjected to regulations, procedures, and institutions external to Sámi society. This article calls for greater Sámi self-determination over key elements of the media system.
在本文中,我们提出了Sámi新闻学和新闻媒体的历史,作为分析Sápmi现有媒体体系的一个步骤。许多Sámi活动人士和组织为Sámi媒体的建立和运作做出了贡献——与传教士、投资者和国家机构等外部行动者进行互动、合作和冲突。这就产生了一个丰富而生动的Sámi媒体环境和基础设施,具有许多媒体系统的特征。然而,管理Sámi媒体系统的基本过程受制于Sámi社会外部的法规、程序和机构。本文呼吁对媒体系统的关键要素进行Sámi更大的自决。
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引用次数: 0
Political parallelism in Iceland: Perceived media-politics relations 冰岛的政治平行性:感知的媒体政治关系
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0017
Birgir Guðmundsson
Abstract My main objective in this article is to examine the importance of political parallelism in Iceland through establishing the extent to which political parallelism is perceived to char-acterise political communication in Iceland by politicians and voters. Political parallelism is one of the defining elements of Hallin and Mancini's typology of media systems. Based on candidate surveys from five elections and a voter survey, indexes of perceived political parallelism are configured for politicians and voters. The analysis suggests a high degree of perceived political parallelism and that the perceptions are reflected in partisan ideological views of individual media outlets. The same – or at least similar – perceptions about political parallelism in the media system seem to penetrate the system irrespective of age and at the national, local, and individual level of politics. However, voters and candidates of social democratic and liberal internationally oriented parties perceive a significantly lower degree of parallelism than others.
摘要我在这篇文章中的主要目的是通过确定政治家和选民认为政治平行在多大程度上代表了冰岛的政治沟通,来检验政治平行在冰岛的重要性。政治平行性是哈林和曼奇尼媒介系统类型学的定义要素之一。根据五次选举的候选人调查和一次选民调查,为政治家和选民配置了感知政治平行性的指数。分析表明,人们认为政治上存在高度的平行性,这些看法反映在个别媒体的党派意识形态观点中。无论年龄大小,在国家、地方和个人政治层面,对媒体系统中政治平行性的看法似乎都是相同的,或者至少是相似的。然而,社会民主和自由派国际政党的选民和候选人认为,他们的平行度明显低于其他政党。
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引用次数: 1
Media systems in “the other” Nordic countries and autonomous regions: Studies of news media and journalism in the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Sápmi, and Åland “其他”北欧国家和自治区的媒体系统:法罗群岛、格陵兰岛、冰岛、Sápmi和Åland的新闻媒体和新闻业研究
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0013
Ida Willig, L. Nord
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引用次数: 1
“I just want to be the friendly face of national socialism”: The turn to civility in the cultural expressions of neo-Nazism in Sweden “我只是想成为国家社会主义的友好面孔”:瑞典新纳粹主义的文化表达转向文明
IF 1.1 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/nor-2021-0004
Tina Askanius
Abstract This article is based on a case study of the media narratives of the neo-Nazi organisation Nordic Resistance Movement (NRM) and situates this particular actor within the broader landscape of violent extremism in Sweden today. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis informed by narrative inquiry, I examine various cultural expressions of neo-Nazi ideology in NRM's extensive repertoire of online media. Theoretically, I turn to cultural perspectives on violent extremism to bring to centre stage the role of popular culture and entertainment in the construction of a meaningful narrative of community and belonging built around neo-Nazism in Sweden today. The analysis explores the convergence between different genres, styles, and content into new cultural expressions of national socialism which bleed into mainstream Internet culture and political discourse in new ways. In the online universe of NRM, the extreme blends with the mainstream, the mundane and ordinary with the spectacular and provocative, and the serious with the silly. In this manner, the analysis lays bare the strategies through which NRM seeks to soften, trivialise, and normalise neo-Nazi discourse using the power and appeal of culture and entertainment.
摘要本文基于对新纳粹组织北欧抵抗运动(NRM)媒体叙事的个案研究,并将这一特定行为者置于当今瑞典更广泛的暴力极端主义背景中。根据叙事调查提供的定性内容分析,我研究了NRM广泛的网络媒体中新纳粹意识形态的各种文化表达。从理论上讲,我转向暴力极端主义的文化视角,将流行文化和娱乐在当今瑞典围绕新纳粹主义构建有意义的社区和归属叙事中的作用放在中心位置。该分析探讨了不同类型、风格和内容之间的融合,成为国家社会主义的新文化表达,这些文化表达以新的方式渗透到主流互联网文化和政治话语中。在NRM的网络世界里,极端与主流融合在一起,世俗与普通与壮观与挑衅融合在一起;严肃与愚蠢融合在一起。通过这种方式,分析揭示了NRM试图利用文化和娱乐的力量和吸引力来软化、淡化和规范新纳粹话语的策略。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Nordicom Review
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