Abstract English exerts great influence on other languages at the lexical level, as seen from extensive borrowing of terminology and everyday words into many languages (i.e. Anglicisms such as swap, blog, etc.). Although much less studied, it is also clear that the “phrasicon” (Granger, Sylviane. 2009. Comment on: learner corpora: A window onto the L2 phrasicon. In Andy Barfield & Henrik Gyllstad (eds.), Researching collocations in another language. multiple interpretations, 60–65. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan) of a language can similarly be affected by such external influence. This paper investigates “the largely unexplored area of phraseological borrowing” (Fielder, Sabine (2017) Phraseological borrowing from English into German: Cultural andpragmatic implications. Journal of Pragmatics 113: 89–102, 90) by introducing the diachronic-contrastive corpus method and exemplifying it with reference to a set of expressions that have been considered the products of language contact between English and Norwegian. I argue that the proposed corpus method can be used efficiently for investigating phraseology across time, for shedding light on the question of whether cross-linguistically parallel structures are the result of borrowing or parallel developments, and – importantly – as a vehicle for rejecting preconceived ideas about a form’s alleged origin in English.
{"title":"Phraseology in a cross-linguistic perspective: A diachronic and corpus-based account","authors":"Andersen Gisle","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2019-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2019-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract English exerts great influence on other languages at the lexical level, as seen from extensive borrowing of terminology and everyday words into many languages (i.e. Anglicisms such as swap, blog, etc.). Although much less studied, it is also clear that the “phrasicon” (Granger, Sylviane. 2009. Comment on: learner corpora: A window onto the L2 phrasicon. In Andy Barfield & Henrik Gyllstad (eds.), Researching collocations in another language. multiple interpretations, 60–65. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan) of a language can similarly be affected by such external influence. This paper investigates “the largely unexplored area of phraseological borrowing” (Fielder, Sabine (2017) Phraseological borrowing from English into German: Cultural andpragmatic implications. Journal of Pragmatics 113: 89–102, 90) by introducing the diachronic-contrastive corpus method and exemplifying it with reference to a set of expressions that have been considered the products of language contact between English and Norwegian. I argue that the proposed corpus method can be used efficiently for investigating phraseology across time, for shedding light on the question of whether cross-linguistically parallel structures are the result of borrowing or parallel developments, and – importantly – as a vehicle for rejecting preconceived ideas about a form’s alleged origin in English.","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"18 1","pages":"365 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2019-0057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45258232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study utilized unidirectional association score ΔP to track perfective morpheme productivity in longitudinal spoken L2 Italian data. Research questions concerned whether early L2 perfectives were contingent upon telicity of predicates, whether lexeme–morpheme association changed as proficiency increased, and whether distribution of perfectives in the L1 input affected the patterns of morpheme emergence. Results showed that (i) the productive use of the perfective was contingent upon a few, infrequent telic predicates but also upon some actionally underspecified, very frequent general-purpose ones; (ii) a generalized decrease in association scores over time accompanied the productivity of the perfective morpheme; (iii) distribution of perfectives in L2 data did not reflect distribution in the L1 input. The statistical analysis adopted in this study is replicable to other domains where contingency of stem-affix alternations may provide cues for observing the developing L2 grammar
{"title":"Contingency learning and perfective morpheme productivity in L2 Italian: A study on lexeme–morpheme associations with ΔP","authors":"Stefano Rastelli","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2019-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2019-0071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study utilized unidirectional association score ΔP to track perfective morpheme productivity in longitudinal spoken L2 Italian data. Research questions concerned whether early L2 perfectives were contingent upon telicity of predicates, whether lexeme–morpheme association changed as proficiency increased, and whether distribution of perfectives in the L1 input affected the patterns of morpheme emergence. Results showed that (i) the productive use of the perfective was contingent upon a few, infrequent telic predicates but also upon some actionally underspecified, very frequent general-purpose ones; (ii) a generalized decrease in association scores over time accompanied the productivity of the perfective morpheme; (iii) distribution of perfectives in L2 data did not reflect distribution in the L1 input. The statistical analysis adopted in this study is replicable to other domains where contingency of stem-affix alternations may provide cues for observing the developing L2 grammar","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"16 1","pages":"459 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2019-0071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48079688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Loanword use has dominated the literature on language contact and its salient nature continues to draw interest from linguists and non-linguists. Traditionally, loanwords were investigated by means of raw frequencies, which are at best uninformative and at worst misleading. Following a new wave of studies which look at loans from a quantitatively more informed standpoint, modelling “success” by taking into account frequency of the counterparts available in the language adopting the loanwords, we propose a similar model of loan-use and demonstrate its benefits in a case study of loanwords from Māori into (New Zealand) English. Our model contributes to previous work in this area by combining both the success measure mentioned above with a rich range of linguistic characteristics of the loanwords (such as loan length and word class), as well as a similarly detailed group of sociolinguistic characteristics of the speakers using them (gender, age and ethnicity of both, speakers and addresses). Our model is unique in bringing together of all these factors at the same time. The findings presented here illustrate the benefit of a quantitatively balanced approach to modelling loanword use. Furthermore, they illustrate the complex interaction between linguistic and sociolinguistic factors in such language contact scenarios.
{"title":"Modelling loanword success – a sociolinguistic quantitative study of Māori loanwords in New Zealand English","authors":"Andreea S. Calude, Steven Miller, M. Pagel","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Loanword use has dominated the literature on language contact and its salient nature continues to draw interest from linguists and non-linguists. Traditionally, loanwords were investigated by means of raw frequencies, which are at best uninformative and at worst misleading. Following a new wave of studies which look at loans from a quantitatively more informed standpoint, modelling “success” by taking into account frequency of the counterparts available in the language adopting the loanwords, we propose a similar model of loan-use and demonstrate its benefits in a case study of loanwords from Māori into (New Zealand) English. Our model contributes to previous work in this area by combining both the success measure mentioned above with a rich range of linguistic characteristics of the loanwords (such as loan length and word class), as well as a similarly detailed group of sociolinguistic characteristics of the speakers using them (gender, age and ethnicity of both, speakers and addresses). Our model is unique in bringing together of all these factors at the same time. The findings presented here illustrate the benefit of a quantitatively balanced approach to modelling loanword use. Furthermore, they illustrate the complex interaction between linguistic and sociolinguistic factors in such language contact scenarios.","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"16 1","pages":"29 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2017-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41991210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter1
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45911158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter2
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2020-frontmatter2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44212864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents a classification and clustering based study to account for the differences among five Chinese light verbs (congshi, gao, jiayi, jinxing, and zuo) as well as their variations in Mainland China Mandarin (ML) and Taiwan Mandarin (TW). Based on 13 linguistic features, both competition and co-development of these light verbs are studied in terms of their distinct and shared collocates. The proposed method discovers significant new grammatical differences in addition to confirming previously reported ones. Most significant discoveries include selectional restrictions differentiating deverbal nominals and event nouns, and degrees of transitivity of VO compounds. We also find that most variations between Mainland China Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin are in fact differences in tendencies or preferences in contexts of usage of shared grammatical rules.
{"title":"Light verb variations and varieties of Mandarin Chinese: Comparable corpus driven approaches to grammatical variations","authors":"Hongzhi Xu, M. Jiang, Jingxia Lin, Chu-Ren Huang","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2019-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2019-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a classification and clustering based study to account for the differences among five Chinese light verbs (congshi, gao, jiayi, jinxing, and zuo) as well as their variations in Mainland China Mandarin (ML) and Taiwan Mandarin (TW). Based on 13 linguistic features, both competition and co-development of these light verbs are studied in terms of their distinct and shared collocates. The proposed method discovers significant new grammatical differences in addition to confirming previously reported ones. Most significant discoveries include selectional restrictions differentiating deverbal nominals and event nouns, and degrees of transitivity of VO compounds. We also find that most variations between Mainland China Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin are in fact differences in tendencies or preferences in contexts of usage of shared grammatical rules.","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"18 1","pages":"145 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2019-0049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66858392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Pronouns serve as early linguistic cues for the acquisition of the English transitive construction (TC), but previous research has been limited to first language (L1) settings. This study focuses on TC input in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context, investigating syntactico-semantic differences in realizations of TC arguments, particularly pronouns, between L1 parental input and Korean EFL input. To this end, four corpora were created by collecting spoken data from L1-English parents talking to their children, L1-Korean EFL teachers, L1-English EFL teachers, and auditory EFL textbooks. From these corpora, transitive clauses were extracted so that their arguments could be categorized. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses (preceded by principal component analyses) showed that in the realization of TC arguments, Korean EFL input differs syntactically and semantically from L1-English parental input, both for the subjects and objects of TCs. The syntactic difference was particularly pronounced for objects, where fewer pronouns were observed in the EFL input than in the L1-English parental input. Semantically, co-occurrence regularities between transitive verbs and arguments were identified only in the L1-English input and not in the EFL input. Pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.
{"title":"Syntactico-semantic realizations of pronouns in the English transitive construction: A corpus-based analysis","authors":"Haerim Hwang","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2019-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2019-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pronouns serve as early linguistic cues for the acquisition of the English transitive construction (TC), but previous research has been limited to first language (L1) settings. This study focuses on TC input in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context, investigating syntactico-semantic differences in realizations of TC arguments, particularly pronouns, between L1 parental input and Korean EFL input. To this end, four corpora were created by collecting spoken data from L1-English parents talking to their children, L1-Korean EFL teachers, L1-English EFL teachers, and auditory EFL textbooks. From these corpora, transitive clauses were extracted so that their arguments could be categorized. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses (preceded by principal component analyses) showed that in the realization of TC arguments, Korean EFL input differs syntactically and semantically from L1-English parental input, both for the subjects and objects of TCs. The syntactic difference was particularly pronounced for objects, where fewer pronouns were observed in the EFL input than in the L1-English parental input. Semantically, co-occurrence regularities between transitive verbs and arguments were identified only in the L1-English input and not in the EFL input. Pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"18 1","pages":"115 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2019-0061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper addresses semantic/pragmatic variability of tag questions in German and makes three main contributions. First, we document the prevalence and variety of question tags in German across three different types of conversational corpora. Second, by annotating question tags according to their syntactic and semantic context, discourse function, and pragmatic effect, we demonstrate the existing overlap and differences between the individual tag variants. Finally, we distinguish several groups of question tags by identifying the factors that influence the speakers’ choices of tags in the conversational context, such as clause type, function, speaker/hearer knowledge, as well as conversation type and medium. These factors provide the limits of variability by constraining certain question tags in German against occurring in specific contexts or with individual functions.
{"title":"A corpus-based analysis of meaning variations in German tag questions Evidence from spoken and written conversational corpora","authors":"Yulia Clausen, Tatjana Scheffler","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2019-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2019-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses semantic/pragmatic variability of tag questions in German and makes three main contributions. First, we document the prevalence and variety of question tags in German across three different types of conversational corpora. Second, by annotating question tags according to their syntactic and semantic context, discourse function, and pragmatic effect, we demonstrate the existing overlap and differences between the individual tag variants. Finally, we distinguish several groups of question tags by identifying the factors that influence the speakers’ choices of tags in the conversational context, such as clause type, function, speaker/hearer knowledge, as well as conversation type and medium. These factors provide the limits of variability by constraining certain question tags in German against occurring in specific contexts or with individual functions.","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2019-0060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Corpus-based methods for the quantitative linguistic description of registers are well established. In contrast, situational analyses of registers have been based on qualitative descriptions of categorical situational characteristics. In the present study, we address this inconsistency by describing the variation among texts and registers in a continuous (quantitative) situational space. We describe “registers” as categorical constructs – culturally recognized categories of texts – but propose that they should be described in continuous terms. Such descriptions allow quantitative comparisons of registers, as well as analysis of the extent to which a register is well-delimited in terms of its situational characteristics. Applying this analytical framework, we also explore a deeper issue: the possibility that some texts are not instantiations of any culturally-recognized register category. Both issues are tackled through analysis of a corpus of web documents. We first identify quantitative situational dimensions of variation, employing the methods of multi-dimensional (MD) analysis. We then describe how the situational characteristics of texts and registers can be analyzed in a continuous MD space. And finally, we propose analysis of situational text types – categories that are statistically well-defined in their situational characteristics – as an approach to describing all texts, including texts that do not belong to a culturally recognized register category.
{"title":"Reconceptualizing register in a continuous situational space","authors":"D. Biber, Jesse Egbert, D. Keller","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2018-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2018-0086","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Corpus-based methods for the quantitative linguistic description of registers are well established. In contrast, situational analyses of registers have been based on qualitative descriptions of categorical situational characteristics. In the present study, we address this inconsistency by describing the variation among texts and registers in a continuous (quantitative) situational space. We describe “registers” as categorical constructs – culturally recognized categories of texts – but propose that they should be described in continuous terms. Such descriptions allow quantitative comparisons of registers, as well as analysis of the extent to which a register is well-delimited in terms of its situational characteristics. Applying this analytical framework, we also explore a deeper issue: the possibility that some texts are not instantiations of any culturally-recognized register category. Both issues are tackled through analysis of a corpus of web documents. We first identify quantitative situational dimensions of variation, employing the methods of multi-dimensional (MD) analysis. We then describe how the situational characteristics of texts and registers can be analyzed in a continuous MD space. And finally, we propose analysis of situational text types – categories that are statistically well-defined in their situational characteristics – as an approach to describing all texts, including texts that do not belong to a culturally recognized register category.","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"16 1","pages":"581 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2018-0086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41709273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Adopting quantitative corpus-based methods, this paper focuses on the alternative negative constructions in Korean, [an V] and [V anhda]. Logistic regression analyses for a mixed-effects model were carried out on data drawn from the Sejong Korean Corpus. Certain features of the verb or adjective in negative constructions significantly affect the use of the two negative constructions. A relevant factor is register/medium (spoken or written), among other significant interactions of factors. Furthermore, the fact that frequency is consistent with other relevant factors, together with certain diachronic facts of Korean, supports the claim that frequency of use plays an important role in linguistic changes. Another finding is that, notwithstanding noticeable differences between spoken and written language, the factors influencing the use of the two negative constructions in Korean are largely similar in the spoken and written registers.
{"title":"The alternative negative constructions in spoken and written Korean: Logistic regression analysis","authors":"Beom-mo Kang","doi":"10.1515/cllt-2016-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2016-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adopting quantitative corpus-based methods, this paper focuses on the alternative negative constructions in Korean, [an V] and [V anhda]. Logistic regression analyses for a mixed-effects model were carried out on data drawn from the Sejong Korean Corpus. Certain features of the verb or adjective in negative constructions significantly affect the use of the two negative constructions. A relevant factor is register/medium (spoken or written), among other significant interactions of factors. Furthermore, the fact that frequency is consistent with other relevant factors, together with certain diachronic facts of Korean, supports the claim that frequency of use plays an important role in linguistic changes. Another finding is that, notwithstanding noticeable differences between spoken and written language, the factors influencing the use of the two negative constructions in Korean are largely similar in the spoken and written registers.","PeriodicalId":45605,"journal":{"name":"Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"15 1","pages":"419 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cllt-2016-0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46783539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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