Abstract Plant population of 40,000 ha−1 with the respective inter- and intra-row spacing of 50 cm × 50 cm is the blanket recommendation for the production of head cabbage in Ethiopia. However, producers complain that this spacing produces too large head size, which is not the market's preference for household consumption instead for hotels and big institutions like universities. This two-season field experiment was conducted to optimize the head cabbage yield with appropriate head size by adjusting inter- and intra-row spacing. The result of the combined analysis over location and season revealed that all tested parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the interaction effect of inter- and intra-row spacing. The combinations of 35 cm × 30 cm, 35 cm × 50 cm, and 50 cm × 30 cm inter- and intra-row spacing gave the highest head yield of 45, 43 significantly, and 42 t ha−1, respectively as compared to other treatment combinations. The interaction of the lowest inter- and intra-row spacing of 35 cm × 30 cm gave the lowest average head weight of 923 g of cabbage. The result showed that as intra-row spacing increased from 30 to 50 cm with all possible combinations of inter-row spacing, head-sized cabbage increased linearly. The current study identified that blanket recommendation of 50 cm × 50 cm inter-and intra-row spacing which assures a plant population of 40,000 ha−1 produced more than 1.4 kg individual head weight with a yield penalty of 10.70 t ha−1 compared to 50 cm × 30 cm inter- and intra-row spacing combination which assures a plant population of 66,667 ha−1. The current study confirmed that the earlier blanket recommendation of 40,000 plants ha−1 should be enhanced to a plant population of 66,667 ha−1 with a yield advantage of 131%. Concretely the manifested plant population difference gives an opportunity to producers to harvest a maximum yield with an acceptable head size of 1.2 kg. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination of 50 cm × 30 cm inter- and intra-row spacing assures that a plant population of 66,667 ha−1 is optimum for the production of head cabbage in the study and similar agro-ecologies.
{"title":"Influences of inter- and intra-row spacing on the growth and head yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in western Amhara, Ethiopia","authors":"Habtamu Tegen, Mnuyelet Jembere","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plant population of 40,000 ha−1 with the respective inter- and intra-row spacing of 50 cm × 50 cm is the blanket recommendation for the production of head cabbage in Ethiopia. However, producers complain that this spacing produces too large head size, which is not the market's preference for household consumption instead for hotels and big institutions like universities. This two-season field experiment was conducted to optimize the head cabbage yield with appropriate head size by adjusting inter- and intra-row spacing. The result of the combined analysis over location and season revealed that all tested parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the interaction effect of inter- and intra-row spacing. The combinations of 35 cm × 30 cm, 35 cm × 50 cm, and 50 cm × 30 cm inter- and intra-row spacing gave the highest head yield of 45, 43 significantly, and 42 t ha−1, respectively as compared to other treatment combinations. The interaction of the lowest inter- and intra-row spacing of 35 cm × 30 cm gave the lowest average head weight of 923 g of cabbage. The result showed that as intra-row spacing increased from 30 to 50 cm with all possible combinations of inter-row spacing, head-sized cabbage increased linearly. The current study identified that blanket recommendation of 50 cm × 50 cm inter-and intra-row spacing which assures a plant population of 40,000 ha−1 produced more than 1.4 kg individual head weight with a yield penalty of 10.70 t ha−1 compared to 50 cm × 30 cm inter- and intra-row spacing combination which assures a plant population of 66,667 ha−1. The current study confirmed that the earlier blanket recommendation of 40,000 plants ha−1 should be enhanced to a plant population of 66,667 ha−1 with a yield advantage of 131%. Concretely the manifested plant population difference gives an opportunity to producers to harvest a maximum yield with an acceptable head size of 1.2 kg. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination of 50 cm × 30 cm inter- and intra-row spacing assures that a plant population of 66,667 ha−1 is optimum for the production of head cabbage in the study and similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"392 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47258181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. M. Fahmid, A. Jamil, Wahyudi, A. Agustian, M. Hatta, R. Aldillah, R. D. Yofa, Sumedi, Sumaryanto, S. Susilowati
Abstract Fertilizer plays an important role in agricultural production, and up to now it has always been subsidized through the selling price mechanism. This study aims to analyze three related areas, namely, the subsidized fertilizer policy dynamics, the development of subsidized fertilizer highest retail price (HRP), and the effects of its subsidy price changes on rice production. The study uses both the primary data from research in West Java in 2020 and the data from 2016 national farmer panel and also the secondary data. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively, namely, multiple regression analysis and qualitative descriptive studies. The results of the analysis show that the profit value of lowland rice farming is Indonesian Rupiah (IDR). 13.89 million/ha/season and Revenue per cost ratio (R/C) is 1.85. The proportion of fertilizer input cost to the total lowland rice farming cost reaches 10.25%. The analysis of the nationwide impacts of the HRP increase of the subsidized fertilizers by IDR. 300/kg shows the result that there would be a decrease in national rice productivity by 0.09 tons/ha, a decrease in national rice production by 0.94 million tons milled dry rice (MDR/GKG), and a decrease in the national rice harvest area equivalent to 186,219 ha. It is suggested that in the future, some efforts and measures are needed to make the use of subsidized fertilizers to be more effective and efficient. In order to maintain national rice production, a program to increase the harvested areas is needed.
{"title":"Study of the impact of increasing the highest retail price of subsidized fertilizer on rice production in Indonesia","authors":"I. M. Fahmid, A. Jamil, Wahyudi, A. Agustian, M. Hatta, R. Aldillah, R. D. Yofa, Sumedi, Sumaryanto, S. Susilowati","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fertilizer plays an important role in agricultural production, and up to now it has always been subsidized through the selling price mechanism. This study aims to analyze three related areas, namely, the subsidized fertilizer policy dynamics, the development of subsidized fertilizer highest retail price (HRP), and the effects of its subsidy price changes on rice production. The study uses both the primary data from research in West Java in 2020 and the data from 2016 national farmer panel and also the secondary data. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively, namely, multiple regression analysis and qualitative descriptive studies. The results of the analysis show that the profit value of lowland rice farming is Indonesian Rupiah (IDR). 13.89 million/ha/season and Revenue per cost ratio (R/C) is 1.85. The proportion of fertilizer input cost to the total lowland rice farming cost reaches 10.25%. The analysis of the nationwide impacts of the HRP increase of the subsidized fertilizers by IDR. 300/kg shows the result that there would be a decrease in national rice productivity by 0.09 tons/ha, a decrease in national rice production by 0.94 million tons milled dry rice (MDR/GKG), and a decrease in the national rice harvest area equivalent to 186,219 ha. It is suggested that in the future, some efforts and measures are needed to make the use of subsidized fertilizers to be more effective and efficient. In order to maintain national rice production, a program to increase the harvested areas is needed.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"348 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44993096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bei Wang, Tzer Hwai Gilbert Thio, Hock Siong Chong
Abstract In this study, a transparent conductive film is developed using polyvinyl alcohol as the substrate material and carbon fiber is deposited for electrical conductivity. The two materials are mixed into a solution and then cast to form a transparent conductive film suitable for usage in agricultural greenhouses. The designed film with a dimension of 200 mm × 200 mm has an average edge-to-edge resistance of 560.87 + 118.17 Ω, block resistance (BR) of 1.4 + 0.29 Ω/cm2, light transmittance of 70.07% over a wavelength of 400 to 780 nm, and a heating capability of 72 W/m2 via far-infrared light over a wavelength of 25–1,000 µm. Being highly transparent, the film can be integrated into the structure of agricultural greenhouses as it allows adequate sunlight penetration for the necessary photosynthesis of crops while providing heating capability during cold climates in seasonal regions such as northern China, thus replacing the need for conventional electrical heaters. A proof-of-concept is conducted at an agricultural greenhouse in Shandong, China, in rural settings where electricity may not be available. The films were powered with 200 custom-made aluminum-air (Al-air) batteries rated for 12 V, 20 mA. The electrolyte used for the batteries is potassium sulfate (K2SO4), which is a kind of agricultural chemical fertilizer that is easily available in agricultural greenhouse settings. For 7 weeks, the films were successfully powered by the batteries and operated to provide constant heating to maintain the nighttime temperature inside the greenhouse at above 10.06°C with outside temperatures dropping as low as 3.8°C.
{"title":"Transparent conductive far-infrared radiative film based on polyvinyl alcohol with carbon fiber apply in agriculture greenhouse","authors":"Bei Wang, Tzer Hwai Gilbert Thio, Hock Siong Chong","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, a transparent conductive film is developed using polyvinyl alcohol as the substrate material and carbon fiber is deposited for electrical conductivity. The two materials are mixed into a solution and then cast to form a transparent conductive film suitable for usage in agricultural greenhouses. The designed film with a dimension of 200 mm × 200 mm has an average edge-to-edge resistance of 560.87 + 118.17 Ω, block resistance (BR) of 1.4 + 0.29 Ω/cm2, light transmittance of 70.07% over a wavelength of 400 to 780 nm, and a heating capability of 72 W/m2 via far-infrared light over a wavelength of 25–1,000 µm. Being highly transparent, the film can be integrated into the structure of agricultural greenhouses as it allows adequate sunlight penetration for the necessary photosynthesis of crops while providing heating capability during cold climates in seasonal regions such as northern China, thus replacing the need for conventional electrical heaters. A proof-of-concept is conducted at an agricultural greenhouse in Shandong, China, in rural settings where electricity may not be available. The films were powered with 200 custom-made aluminum-air (Al-air) batteries rated for 12 V, 20 mA. The electrolyte used for the batteries is potassium sulfate (K2SO4), which is a kind of agricultural chemical fertilizer that is easily available in agricultural greenhouse settings. For 7 weeks, the films were successfully powered by the batteries and operated to provide constant heating to maintain the nighttime temperature inside the greenhouse at above 10.06°C with outside temperatures dropping as low as 3.8°C.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"733 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43934820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Perdana, D. Chaerani, F. R. Hermiatin, A. Achmad, A. Fridayana
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and humanitarian challenges such as war and conflict, climate changes, and economic crises bring unexpected humanitarian challenges, such as food insecurity. Especially for developing countries, this is a double crisis, food poverty and COVID-19 pandemic. This situation needs an alternative food network (AFN), which can improve the local food sources to fulfill the food demand. The local food hubs’ (LFHs) development as an AFN that considers local producers and customers could serve as an alternative strategy to reduce the uncertainty of food availability. However, the challenge in developing LFH in developing countries is the problem of logistics efficiency. Therefore, this study discusses the development of food logistics efficiency by determining the optimum location of LFH and the fulfillment of food supply for each optimum location of LFH in rural areas. Robust optimization is applied to the Multi-Objective Many-to-Many Location-Routing Problem (MOMMLRP) model to handle the uncertain demand and production capacity. This study focused on West Java Province, Indonesia, as areas that represent developing countries. Based on our result, eight sub-districts have been determined as an optimum location to develop LFHs. This study also elaborates on the food network in the worst situation that needs regional food hubs’ (RFHs) support. The RFH support can be used when the LFH faces an unexpected problem that cannot fulfill their demand.
{"title":"Improving the capacity of local food network through local food hubs’ development","authors":"T. Perdana, D. Chaerani, F. R. Hermiatin, A. Achmad, A. Fridayana","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and humanitarian challenges such as war and conflict, climate changes, and economic crises bring unexpected humanitarian challenges, such as food insecurity. Especially for developing countries, this is a double crisis, food poverty and COVID-19 pandemic. This situation needs an alternative food network (AFN), which can improve the local food sources to fulfill the food demand. The local food hubs’ (LFHs) development as an AFN that considers local producers and customers could serve as an alternative strategy to reduce the uncertainty of food availability. However, the challenge in developing LFH in developing countries is the problem of logistics efficiency. Therefore, this study discusses the development of food logistics efficiency by determining the optimum location of LFH and the fulfillment of food supply for each optimum location of LFH in rural areas. Robust optimization is applied to the Multi-Objective Many-to-Many Location-Routing Problem (MOMMLRP) model to handle the uncertain demand and production capacity. This study focused on West Java Province, Indonesia, as areas that represent developing countries. Based on our result, eight sub-districts have been determined as an optimum location to develop LFHs. This study also elaborates on the food network in the worst situation that needs regional food hubs’ (RFHs) support. The RFH support can be used when the LFH faces an unexpected problem that cannot fulfill their demand.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"311 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. J. de Almeida, C. T. Salinas, L. Ramos, Celso Albano de Carvalho
Abstract Currently, many sugarcane mills face the challenge of obtaining sufficient raw material. This work analyzes and compares the land access forms to cane production in Brazil (big producer) and Peru (small producer). Data from Agricultural Censuses of the two countries are used. In the analyzed period, there was an increase in sugarcane production in both countries. It is observed that in Brazil, the tendency is for sugar mills to use land leasing or sharecropping contracts. In Peru, new sugarcane mills mainly use their own land. The access to land through agrarian contracts can be a factor of sustainability of the sugarcane agribusiness.
{"title":"Forms of land access in the sugarcane agroindustry: A comparison of Brazilian and Peruvian cases","authors":"P. J. de Almeida, C. T. Salinas, L. Ramos, Celso Albano de Carvalho","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Currently, many sugarcane mills face the challenge of obtaining sufficient raw material. This work analyzes and compares the land access forms to cane production in Brazil (big producer) and Peru (small producer). Data from Agricultural Censuses of the two countries are used. In the analyzed period, there was an increase in sugarcane production in both countries. It is observed that in Brazil, the tendency is for sugar mills to use land leasing or sharecropping contracts. In Peru, new sugarcane mills mainly use their own land. The access to land through agrarian contracts can be a factor of sustainability of the sugarcane agribusiness.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"765 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48754366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ongole crossbred were endemic cattle in Java Island due to their good adaptation to the environment. The Government of Yogyakarta Special Region sought to develop cattle farms through an Ongole crossbred cattle development program in the Gunungkidul Regency to preserve this Ongole crossbred population. The study aimed to describe the behavior of breeders who participated in the Ongole crossbred cattle development programs on the post of this program. A sample of 40 small-breeder participants of this program was interviewed. The observed behaviors were all activities conducted by the breeders in carrying out the Ongole crossbred cattle farming. This study showed that breeders well implemented toward some core program, i.e., facilities management, cultivating forage, integrated animal service, and conserving productive female cows since program completion. However, due to limitations of capital ownership, the breeders were not well producing alternative fodder. Based on this result, the government was recommended to introduce a simple small farming capacity machine to small farmers to process the agricultural waste as animal feed.
{"title":"Behavioral response of breeder toward development program of Ongole crossbred cattle in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia","authors":"Widodo, D. R. Kamardiani, Beti Nur Utami","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ongole crossbred were endemic cattle in Java Island due to their good adaptation to the environment. The Government of Yogyakarta Special Region sought to develop cattle farms through an Ongole crossbred cattle development program in the Gunungkidul Regency to preserve this Ongole crossbred population. The study aimed to describe the behavior of breeders who participated in the Ongole crossbred cattle development programs on the post of this program. A sample of 40 small-breeder participants of this program was interviewed. The observed behaviors were all activities conducted by the breeders in carrying out the Ongole crossbred cattle farming. This study showed that breeders well implemented toward some core program, i.e., facilities management, cultivating forage, integrated animal service, and conserving productive female cows since program completion. However, due to limitations of capital ownership, the breeders were not well producing alternative fodder. Based on this result, the government was recommended to introduce a simple small farming capacity machine to small farmers to process the agricultural waste as animal feed.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"112 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47535234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practice (VietGAP) has been introduced in many provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to enhance the competitive advantage to fruit growers, including Idor longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) growers, to explore the stricter domestic and export markets and increase the income of the fruit growers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This article presents a case study on the impacts of adopting VietGAP on the income of fruit growers (Idor longan) in the Mekong Delta by applying both T-test and Propensity Score Matching of 180 VietGAP and non-VietGAP adopters. The results show that applying VietGAP can reduce production cost, increase revenue, and profit to fruit growers. This is evidence to prove the benefits of adopting VietGAP and encourage the expansion of VietGAP to many fruits and other agricultural sectors in Vietnam.
{"title":"Impacts of adopting specialized agricultural programs relying on “good practice” – Empirical evidence from fruit growers in Vietnam","authors":"Ngo Thi Thanh Truc, L. Thuc","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practice (VietGAP) has been introduced in many provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to enhance the competitive advantage to fruit growers, including Idor longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) growers, to explore the stricter domestic and export markets and increase the income of the fruit growers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This article presents a case study on the impacts of adopting VietGAP on the income of fruit growers (Idor longan) in the Mekong Delta by applying both T-test and Propensity Score Matching of 180 VietGAP and non-VietGAP adopters. The results show that applying VietGAP can reduce production cost, increase revenue, and profit to fruit growers. This is evidence to prove the benefits of adopting VietGAP and encourage the expansion of VietGAP to many fruits and other agricultural sectors in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"39 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Gavgani, D. Mohammadzamani, M. G. Par-Shokohi
Abstract Agriculture and its development are the foundations of development in Iran as a developing country. So, this sector can be regarded as the foundation of economic and social development. The capabilities of the agriculture sector are limited, and its efficiency is trivial because of neglecting agricultural development and depriving this sector of real functional supports instead of slogans. The transformation of agriculture to a developed, dynamic, and efficient environment depends not only on appropriate climate and natural resources but also on human resource development in the relevant sector. Hence, in the present study, the causes of the underdevelopment of mechanization in rural areas of Jiroft which has a significant contribution to agricultural production in the area are investigated. Library and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population includes 1,324 farmers in Jiroft villages. According to Cochran’s formula, in order to complete the questionnaires, the required quantity as the sample was about 300 farmers. To determine the validity of the content, the experts used Cronbach’s alpha (0.81) to verify the reliability of the instrument. In the present study, the collected data were analyzed by statistical package of Social Sciences 22 and LISREL9 using Pearson correlation through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that five factors, Supportive – research oriented and promotional, market and product, technical and technological, and cultural-social, respectively, were 19.9, 18.6, 14.5, 10.4, and 7.3 percent of the variance. Creating a national document in the field of sustainable development in agriculture, codification of supportive policies, and required laws for this sector are very impressive to improve the process of agricultural mechanization development in Jiroft.
{"title":"Assessment of the factors contributing to the lack of agricultural mechanization in Jiroft, Iran","authors":"M. S. Gavgani, D. Mohammadzamani, M. G. Par-Shokohi","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0133","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agriculture and its development are the foundations of development in Iran as a developing country. So, this sector can be regarded as the foundation of economic and social development. The capabilities of the agriculture sector are limited, and its efficiency is trivial because of neglecting agricultural development and depriving this sector of real functional supports instead of slogans. The transformation of agriculture to a developed, dynamic, and efficient environment depends not only on appropriate climate and natural resources but also on human resource development in the relevant sector. Hence, in the present study, the causes of the underdevelopment of mechanization in rural areas of Jiroft which has a significant contribution to agricultural production in the area are investigated. Library and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population includes 1,324 farmers in Jiroft villages. According to Cochran’s formula, in order to complete the questionnaires, the required quantity as the sample was about 300 farmers. To determine the validity of the content, the experts used Cronbach’s alpha (0.81) to verify the reliability of the instrument. In the present study, the collected data were analyzed by statistical package of Social Sciences 22 and LISREL9 using Pearson correlation through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that five factors, Supportive – research oriented and promotional, market and product, technical and technological, and cultural-social, respectively, were 19.9, 18.6, 14.5, 10.4, and 7.3 percent of the variance. Creating a national document in the field of sustainable development in agriculture, codification of supportive policies, and required laws for this sector are very impressive to improve the process of agricultural mechanization development in Jiroft.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"782 - 793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41887624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Rozaki, N. Rahmawati, Rahayu Relawati, O. Wijaya, L. Rahayu, Triyono, Sofa Nur Azizah, A. Rahmat, Jumakir
Abstract Mount Semeru is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and the highest mountain in Java Island. Although the island is prone to volcanic eruptions, it is densely populated and also home to several farmers. The aim of this study is to analyze the strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in Mount Semeru. This study involves 150 farmers who were randomly selected from terrains located at altitudes between 6 and 10 km in Mount Semeru. This study shows that farmers benefit significantly from the fertile lands resulting from volcanic eruptions. And they are highly motivated to engage in mitigation activities to reduce the impacts of eruption; therefore, they tend to participate in mitigation education or programs organized by government or private institutions. Support with the information and financial access regarding any mitigation strategies can help farmers a lot. Coordination among stakeholders to support mitigation strategies is necessary because all the parties are equally responsible for alleviating the impacts of volcanic eruptions. Any strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in volcano areas also can be supported by community resilience.
{"title":"Strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in volcano-prone areas: A case study in Mount Semeru, Indonesia","authors":"Z. Rozaki, N. Rahmawati, Rahayu Relawati, O. Wijaya, L. Rahayu, Triyono, Sofa Nur Azizah, A. Rahmat, Jumakir","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mount Semeru is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and the highest mountain in Java Island. Although the island is prone to volcanic eruptions, it is densely populated and also home to several farmers. The aim of this study is to analyze the strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in Mount Semeru. This study involves 150 farmers who were randomly selected from terrains located at altitudes between 6 and 10 km in Mount Semeru. This study shows that farmers benefit significantly from the fertile lands resulting from volcanic eruptions. And they are highly motivated to engage in mitigation activities to reduce the impacts of eruption; therefore, they tend to participate in mitigation education or programs organized by government or private institutions. Support with the information and financial access regarding any mitigation strategies can help farmers a lot. Coordination among stakeholders to support mitigation strategies is necessary because all the parties are equally responsible for alleviating the impacts of volcanic eruptions. Any strategies for overcoming farmers’ lives in volcano areas also can be supported by community resilience.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"486 - 503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42365575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Today’s consumers are becoming more aware of what they consume and the implications that a proper diet can have for their health. This work aimed to understand how Lebanese people get information about foods, and which communication media they consider the most appropriate. Also, the attitudes toward food labelling were assessed. This was a cross-sectional study undertaken by means of a questionnaire survey on a sample of 258 Lebanese participants. Data analysis used statistical tools such as T-test and ANOVA with post hoc to test possible group differences or Cronbach’s alpha to assess internal scale reliability. The results showed that radio was the first choice as a media tool used by Lebanese people for gathering food information (29.1%), followed by hospitals (23.3%), and the participants also considered that these are the most appropriate means to communicate information (28.3 and 22.5%, respectively). Regarding the Lebanese behaviour on nutrition labelling, nearly half of the participants (44.6%) very frequently or always check the food labels but some showed no interest in the components and the fibres they contain. Reliability analysis showed that the items used to assess the food labelling scale have a very high internal consistency (α = 0.847). So, the Lebanese people tend to rely on radio for information about food and the labels are considered as important source of information as well. Nevertheless, Lebanese don’t consult the nutritional composition as often as desirable in order to adjust their purchases or compare to different items, aimed at healthier food choices. So in order to inform Lebanese people about related food rich in fibres and to instigate their purchasing intentions, the producing companies must rely on marketing campaigns through radio and on labels not just the information in nutritional composition.
{"title":"Understanding the role of media and food labels to disseminate food related information in Lebanon","authors":"N. M. Boustani, A. P. Cardoso, R. Guiné","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today’s consumers are becoming more aware of what they consume and the implications that a proper diet can have for their health. This work aimed to understand how Lebanese people get information about foods, and which communication media they consider the most appropriate. Also, the attitudes toward food labelling were assessed. This was a cross-sectional study undertaken by means of a questionnaire survey on a sample of 258 Lebanese participants. Data analysis used statistical tools such as T-test and ANOVA with post hoc to test possible group differences or Cronbach’s alpha to assess internal scale reliability. The results showed that radio was the first choice as a media tool used by Lebanese people for gathering food information (29.1%), followed by hospitals (23.3%), and the participants also considered that these are the most appropriate means to communicate information (28.3 and 22.5%, respectively). Regarding the Lebanese behaviour on nutrition labelling, nearly half of the participants (44.6%) very frequently or always check the food labels but some showed no interest in the components and the fibres they contain. Reliability analysis showed that the items used to assess the food labelling scale have a very high internal consistency (α = 0.847). So, the Lebanese people tend to rely on radio for information about food and the labels are considered as important source of information as well. Nevertheless, Lebanese don’t consult the nutritional composition as often as desirable in order to adjust their purchases or compare to different items, aimed at healthier food choices. So in order to inform Lebanese people about related food rich in fibres and to instigate their purchasing intentions, the producing companies must rely on marketing campaigns through radio and on labels not just the information in nutritional composition.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"147 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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