P. Soares, R. Guilherme, Antónia Conceição, C. Galhano
Abstract Although chickens can improve the chemical properties of soil through the deposition of excreta, their effects on soil macrofauna are poorly known. This work assessed the effects of grazing indigenous laying hens on soil macrofauna of two agroecosystems in Portugal: an organic horticultural field and a conventional orchard. At the horticultural field, laying hens were used to control weeds and the results were compared with those of two other weed control treatments: mechanical (rototiller) and thermal (flame weeding). At the orchard, the effects of hens were compared to that of the orchard understory vegetation, as a control. Soil epigeic macrofauna was collected in both locations, and earthworms were only collected in the horticultural field. Relative to the other treatments, grazing in the horticultural field increased the density of earthworms in the medium term (ranging from 150 to 625 earthworms/m2), without harming the density and diversity of epigeic macrofauna. However, at the orchard, the grazed soils presented lower soil epigeic macrofauna diversity, as well as significantly lower density of spiders than the control (4.67 vs 8.67 individuals/sample, respectively). These results suggest that the grazing effects can be affected by several factors, including the type of agroecosystem and farm management. Further research is required to optimize grazing management in different farming systems, considering animal density and grazing duration, thus ensuring the best contributions of chickens to soil fertility.
{"title":"Soil macrofauna under laying hens’ grazed fields in two different agroecosystems in Portugal","authors":"P. Soares, R. Guilherme, Antónia Conceição, C. Galhano","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although chickens can improve the chemical properties of soil through the deposition of excreta, their effects on soil macrofauna are poorly known. This work assessed the effects of grazing indigenous laying hens on soil macrofauna of two agroecosystems in Portugal: an organic horticultural field and a conventional orchard. At the horticultural field, laying hens were used to control weeds and the results were compared with those of two other weed control treatments: mechanical (rototiller) and thermal (flame weeding). At the orchard, the effects of hens were compared to that of the orchard understory vegetation, as a control. Soil epigeic macrofauna was collected in both locations, and earthworms were only collected in the horticultural field. Relative to the other treatments, grazing in the horticultural field increased the density of earthworms in the medium term (ranging from 150 to 625 earthworms/m2), without harming the density and diversity of epigeic macrofauna. However, at the orchard, the grazed soils presented lower soil epigeic macrofauna diversity, as well as significantly lower density of spiders than the control (4.67 vs 8.67 individuals/sample, respectively). These results suggest that the grazing effects can be affected by several factors, including the type of agroecosystem and farm management. Further research is required to optimize grazing management in different farming systems, considering animal density and grazing duration, thus ensuring the best contributions of chickens to soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awik P. D. Nurhayati, Enny Zulaika, Muhamad Amin, Edwin Setiawan, Zaki Muhammad Wijaya
Abstract Introduction Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well known for their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture species. Thus, the present study aimed at isolating LAB members from the intestinal tract of wild-caught catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and screening them for antimicrobial production against one of the most common bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri . Material and methods LAB were isolated from the intestinal tract of wild catfish caught at the Brantas River, East-Java Indonesia. Then, LAB were screened for antimicrobial activity against E. ictaluri by in vitro assays and further assessed for probiotic candidates. Results A total of 29 LAB were successfully isolated and further screened for anti-edwarsiella activities. Of the 29, six isolates had strong anti-edwardsiella activity (diameter of inhibition zone, >10 mm). Based on their 16 s rRNA gene sequences, these LABs were identified as Lactococcus lactis , Enterococcus hirae , Weissella confusa , Weissella cibaria, and Enterococcus faecalis (two isolates). Further in vitro assays indicated that E. faecalis, L. lactis, W. confusa, and W. cibaria had good viability in the intestinal tract condition, having good adhesion capacity to intestinal mucus, and being harmless to catfish. However, two species ( E. faecalis and W. cibaria ) were resistant to novobiocin and enrofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion Three LAB species ( E. faecalis, L. lactis, and W. confusa ) are potential probiotic candidates in aquaculture to prevent enteric septicemia of catfish disease. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the use of probiotics in vivo .
{"title":"Isolation and screening of lactic acid bacteria producing <i>anti-Edwardsiella</i> from the gastrointestinal tract of wild catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>) for probiotic candidates","authors":"Awik P. D. Nurhayati, Enny Zulaika, Muhamad Amin, Edwin Setiawan, Zaki Muhammad Wijaya","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0212","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well known for their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture species. Thus, the present study aimed at isolating LAB members from the intestinal tract of wild-caught catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and screening them for antimicrobial production against one of the most common bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri . Material and methods LAB were isolated from the intestinal tract of wild catfish caught at the Brantas River, East-Java Indonesia. Then, LAB were screened for antimicrobial activity against E. ictaluri by in vitro assays and further assessed for probiotic candidates. Results A total of 29 LAB were successfully isolated and further screened for anti-edwarsiella activities. Of the 29, six isolates had strong anti-edwardsiella activity (diameter of inhibition zone, >10 mm). Based on their 16 s rRNA gene sequences, these LABs were identified as Lactococcus lactis , Enterococcus hirae , Weissella confusa , Weissella cibaria, and Enterococcus faecalis (two isolates). Further in vitro assays indicated that E. faecalis, L. lactis, W. confusa, and W. cibaria had good viability in the intestinal tract condition, having good adhesion capacity to intestinal mucus, and being harmless to catfish. However, two species ( E. faecalis and W. cibaria ) were resistant to novobiocin and enrofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion Three LAB species ( E. faecalis, L. lactis, and W. confusa ) are potential probiotic candidates in aquaculture to prevent enteric septicemia of catfish disease. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the use of probiotics in vivo .","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the agronomic traits of nutmeg transplanting by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. The low-fertility soil of Sofifi North Maluku was subjected to a slow early growth stage of nutmeg cultivars. A completely randomized design was used in the experiment. The first factor was three different AMF doses: 0, 4, and 8 g seedlings −1 . The second factor consisted of three cultivars: “Ternate 1,” “Tobelo 1,” and “Makian.” Root colonization and agronomic traits were measured 28 weeks after inoculation and transplantation. Results showed that AMF inoculation increased the AM colonization by 2.5–39.0%, significantly increased the leaf area (LA) ( p < 0.01) in all cultivars, and interacted with cultivars to increase chlorophyll a ( Chl a ) ( p < 0.05), chlorophyll b ( Chl b ) ( p < 0.01), and total Chl ( p < 0.01). Cultivars “Makian” showed the highest Chl (188.4%) at 8 g seedling −1 doses of AMF that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the cultivar “Tobelo 1” at the same dose. The largest mycorrhizal response was found in the cultivar “Ternate 1” (biomass increase of 30–37.0%). The cultivar “Ternate 1” produced the largest LA (36.7–106.9%) and shoot dry weight (27.8–45.8%) that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the other cultivars. The percentage of AM colonization was strongly determined ( R 2 = 0.88) by Chl a , Chl b, and K content in leaves. This technology is a breakthrough to increase LA and plant biomass in the early growth stage of nutmeg cultivation.
{"title":"Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on early growth, root colonization, and chlorophyll content of North Maluku nutmeg cultivars","authors":"Wawan Sulistiono, Himawan Bayu Aji, Sigid Handoko, Jonathan Anugrah Lase, Suryanti Suryanti, Yayan Apriyana, Molide Rizal","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0215","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to investigate the agronomic traits of nutmeg transplanting by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. The low-fertility soil of Sofifi North Maluku was subjected to a slow early growth stage of nutmeg cultivars. A completely randomized design was used in the experiment. The first factor was three different AMF doses: 0, 4, and 8 g seedlings −1 . The second factor consisted of three cultivars: “Ternate 1,” “Tobelo 1,” and “Makian.” Root colonization and agronomic traits were measured 28 weeks after inoculation and transplantation. Results showed that AMF inoculation increased the AM colonization by 2.5–39.0%, significantly increased the leaf area (LA) ( p < 0.01) in all cultivars, and interacted with cultivars to increase chlorophyll a ( Chl a ) ( p < 0.05), chlorophyll b ( Chl b ) ( p < 0.01), and total Chl ( p < 0.01). Cultivars “Makian” showed the highest Chl (188.4%) at 8 g seedling −1 doses of AMF that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the cultivar “Tobelo 1” at the same dose. The largest mycorrhizal response was found in the cultivar “Ternate 1” (biomass increase of 30–37.0%). The cultivar “Ternate 1” produced the largest LA (36.7–106.9%) and shoot dry weight (27.8–45.8%) that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the other cultivars. The percentage of AM colonization was strongly determined ( R 2 = 0.88) by Chl a , Chl b, and K content in leaves. This technology is a breakthrough to increase LA and plant biomass in the early growth stage of nutmeg cultivation.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135103176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this study was to predict the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in several horticultural commodities using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with machine learning. Although models are typically developed for a single product, expanding the coverage of the model can improve efficiency. In this study, 700 samples were used, including varieties of shallot, cayenne pepper, and red chili. The results showed that the TPC model developed yielded R 2cal, root mean squares error in the calibration set, R 2pred, root mean squares error in prediction set, and ratio of performance to deviation values of 0.79, 123.33, 0.78, 124.20, and 2.13, respectively. Meanwhile, the TFC model produced values of 0.71, 44.52, 0.72, 42.10, and 1.87, respectively. The wavelengths 912, 939, and 942 nm are closely related to phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The accuracy of the model in this study produced satisfactory results. Therefore, the application of NIRS and machine learning to horticultural products has a high potential of replacing conventional laboratory analysis TPC and TFC.
{"title":"Machine learning-based prediction of total phenolic and flavonoid in horticultural products","authors":"K. Kusumiyati, Y. Asikin","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study was to predict the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in several horticultural commodities using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with machine learning. Although models are typically developed for a single product, expanding the coverage of the model can improve efficiency. In this study, 700 samples were used, including varieties of shallot, cayenne pepper, and red chili. The results showed that the TPC model developed yielded R 2cal, root mean squares error in the calibration set, R 2pred, root mean squares error in prediction set, and ratio of performance to deviation values of 0.79, 123.33, 0.78, 124.20, and 2.13, respectively. Meanwhile, the TFC model produced values of 0.71, 44.52, 0.72, 42.10, and 1.87, respectively. The wavelengths 912, 939, and 942 nm are closely related to phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The accuracy of the model in this study produced satisfactory results. Therefore, the application of NIRS and machine learning to horticultural products has a high potential of replacing conventional laboratory analysis TPC and TFC.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49294215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Silondae, D. Polakitan, P. C. Paat, Agustinus N. Kairupan, P. Layuk, M. Lintang, Gabriel H. Joseph, August Polakitan, O. Tandi, Jefny B. Markus Rawung, J. W. Rembang, H. Salamba, I. E. Malia, J. Sondakh, R. Hutapea, J. G. Kindangen, Roosganda Elizabeth
Abstract The abundance of agricultural products often causes environmental problems. The utilization of agricultural waste from carrots can reduce both the feed cost and environmental pollution and become a source of vitamin A for the health of the native chicken. The study aims to analyze carrot (Daucus carota L.) waste juice on native chicken performance. It was conducted from April to July 2019 at Pandu experimental field in North Minahasa Regency. The practical method used was a completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental livestock used in the study was 80-day-old chickens of native chicken. The concentration of carrot juice during the study was as follows: 100% drinking water without carrot juice (W0), 80% water drinking + 20% carrot juice (W1), 60% drinking water + 40% carrot juice (W2), and 20% drinking water + 80% carrot juice (W3). Observed variables included feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rate. The results showed that carrot waste juice significantly impacted the body weight gain, feed conversion rate, and 0% mortality rate during the 8 weeks. The concentration of 20% drinking water + 80% carrot juice (W3) with the feed intake ratio of 1.608 g, body weight gain value of 775.63 ± 301 g, and the FCR of 2.1 ± 0.06. However, the consumption ratio did not differ among treatments. The addition of carrot waste juice, as much as 80%, in the drinking water of native chickens showed an increase in body weight compared to other treatments. In conclusion, the current study showed that treatment of carrot waste juice has a significant effect on body weight in 8 weeks of maintenance. Meanwhile, the feed intake ratio of carrot waste juice treatment has no real effect. There was no dead chicken (0%) in the present study. The carrot waste juice can be used in chicken drinks 40–80% by paying attention to the balance of energy content and feed proteins used to grow chickens.
{"title":"The effects of carrot (Daucus carota L.) waste juice on the performances of native chicken in North Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"H. Silondae, D. Polakitan, P. C. Paat, Agustinus N. Kairupan, P. Layuk, M. Lintang, Gabriel H. Joseph, August Polakitan, O. Tandi, Jefny B. Markus Rawung, J. W. Rembang, H. Salamba, I. E. Malia, J. Sondakh, R. Hutapea, J. G. Kindangen, Roosganda Elizabeth","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The abundance of agricultural products often causes environmental problems. The utilization of agricultural waste from carrots can reduce both the feed cost and environmental pollution and become a source of vitamin A for the health of the native chicken. The study aims to analyze carrot (Daucus carota L.) waste juice on native chicken performance. It was conducted from April to July 2019 at Pandu experimental field in North Minahasa Regency. The practical method used was a completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental livestock used in the study was 80-day-old chickens of native chicken. The concentration of carrot juice during the study was as follows: 100% drinking water without carrot juice (W0), 80% water drinking + 20% carrot juice (W1), 60% drinking water + 40% carrot juice (W2), and 20% drinking water + 80% carrot juice (W3). Observed variables included feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rate. The results showed that carrot waste juice significantly impacted the body weight gain, feed conversion rate, and 0% mortality rate during the 8 weeks. The concentration of 20% drinking water + 80% carrot juice (W3) with the feed intake ratio of 1.608 g, body weight gain value of 775.63 ± 301 g, and the FCR of 2.1 ± 0.06. However, the consumption ratio did not differ among treatments. The addition of carrot waste juice, as much as 80%, in the drinking water of native chickens showed an increase in body weight compared to other treatments. In conclusion, the current study showed that treatment of carrot waste juice has a significant effect on body weight in 8 weeks of maintenance. Meanwhile, the feed intake ratio of carrot waste juice treatment has no real effect. There was no dead chicken (0%) in the present study. The carrot waste juice can be used in chicken drinks 40–80% by paying attention to the balance of energy content and feed proteins used to grow chickens.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract All birds produce vocalizations as a form of tcommunication with other individuals. Different from songbirds, crowing is a singing vocalization produced by chickens that cannot be learned through imitation. Some genes are assumed to be responsible for this activity. The long-crowing chickens have a melodious and long sound, so they are categorized as singing chickens. They are part of the biodiversity in Indonesia, which has high economic and socio-cultural value. Reviews about long-crowing chickens, especially in Indonesia, are still very rare. This article aims to identify the uniqueness and the existence of long-crowing chickens, together with the conservation efforts needed to manage them. Information was collected from journal articles and other relevant documents. There are four local chickens in Indonesia classified as long-crowing chickens. They are developed in different areas of the community with different socio-cultural characteristics. The fundamental differences among the breeds that can be quantified are in crowing duration and the number of syllables. The government has acknowledged that long-crowing chickens are important genetic resources; however, the association and individual keepers or enthusiasts are vital actors in conservation efforts. The information about long-crowing chickens in Indonesia is incomplete. The research activities that need to be conducted include exploring the population number and distribution, as well as documentation of the local knowledge of chicken breeders and enthusiasts.
{"title":"The long-crowing chickens in Indonesia: A review","authors":"I. Y. Asmara, N. Hilmia, D. Garnida","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0220","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract All birds produce vocalizations as a form of tcommunication with other individuals. Different from songbirds, crowing is a singing vocalization produced by chickens that cannot be learned through imitation. Some genes are assumed to be responsible for this activity. The long-crowing chickens have a melodious and long sound, so they are categorized as singing chickens. They are part of the biodiversity in Indonesia, which has high economic and socio-cultural value. Reviews about long-crowing chickens, especially in Indonesia, are still very rare. This article aims to identify the uniqueness and the existence of long-crowing chickens, together with the conservation efforts needed to manage them. Information was collected from journal articles and other relevant documents. There are four local chickens in Indonesia classified as long-crowing chickens. They are developed in different areas of the community with different socio-cultural characteristics. The fundamental differences among the breeds that can be quantified are in crowing duration and the number of syllables. The government has acknowledged that long-crowing chickens are important genetic resources; however, the association and individual keepers or enthusiasts are vital actors in conservation efforts. The information about long-crowing chickens in Indonesia is incomplete. The research activities that need to be conducted include exploring the population number and distribution, as well as documentation of the local knowledge of chicken breeders and enthusiasts.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ogbuewu, M. M. Modisaojang-Mojanaga, B. Mokolopi, C. Mbajiorgu
Abstract The world population is expected to double by 2050, creating a greater demand for animal protein sources. This calls for an increase in the supply of animal-derived foods in order to avoid food scarcity in the future. Non-ruminants, which would have been a panacea to this increased demand for animal-derived foods, have suffered from the rising costs of feed ingredient world-wide. The increase in the prices of conventional feedstuffs have attracted the attention of researchers on the potentials of lesser-known tropical medicinal plants like Dialium guineense Willd (black velvet tamarind) as a feed resource for non-ruminants. The increase in prices of conventional feedstuffs have attracted the attention of researchers on the potentials of lesser-known tropical medicinal plants. One such lesser-known tropical plant that can be used in chicken and livestock production is black velvet tamarind. The plant is found in many parts of the world. It belongs to the family Fabaceae, has high forage yield, resistant to drought and insects, and does not require annual cultivation. The whole seed is moderate in crude protein and fibre but high in carbohydrates. The leaf, on the other hand, is low in carbohydrate, moderate in crude protein, and high in ash. D. guineense stem bark and fruit are excellent source of essential oils, and rich source of dietary fibre, minerals, and vitamins for monogastrics. The plant is endowed with beneficial phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids which may serve as natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. D. guineense has beneficial pharmacological effects including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was to review the body of knowledge on the nutritional and chemical composition of D. guineense and its impact in animal production.
{"title":"Nutritional and chemical composition of black velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense Willd) and its influence on animal production: A review","authors":"I. Ogbuewu, M. M. Modisaojang-Mojanaga, B. Mokolopi, C. Mbajiorgu","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The world population is expected to double by 2050, creating a greater demand for animal protein sources. This calls for an increase in the supply of animal-derived foods in order to avoid food scarcity in the future. Non-ruminants, which would have been a panacea to this increased demand for animal-derived foods, have suffered from the rising costs of feed ingredient world-wide. The increase in the prices of conventional feedstuffs have attracted the attention of researchers on the potentials of lesser-known tropical medicinal plants like Dialium guineense Willd (black velvet tamarind) as a feed resource for non-ruminants. The increase in prices of conventional feedstuffs have attracted the attention of researchers on the potentials of lesser-known tropical medicinal plants. One such lesser-known tropical plant that can be used in chicken and livestock production is black velvet tamarind. The plant is found in many parts of the world. It belongs to the family Fabaceae, has high forage yield, resistant to drought and insects, and does not require annual cultivation. The whole seed is moderate in crude protein and fibre but high in carbohydrates. The leaf, on the other hand, is low in carbohydrate, moderate in crude protein, and high in ash. D. guineense stem bark and fruit are excellent source of essential oils, and rich source of dietary fibre, minerals, and vitamins for monogastrics. The plant is endowed with beneficial phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids which may serve as natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. D. guineense has beneficial pharmacological effects including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was to review the body of knowledge on the nutritional and chemical composition of D. guineense and its impact in animal production.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44114922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study was aimed (1) to analyze the productivity, cost, and income of potato farming; (2) to analyze the risk of potato farming; and (3) to analyze the potato trade system at the level before and during COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a descriptive-quantitative research type. It was conducted in Banjarnegara Regency, Jawa Tengah Province, Indonesia. The data were collected through surveys, observations, and Focus Group Discussions. The unit of analysis is the farmers who plant potatoes. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results showed that there is no difference between the two marketing channels before and during pandemic. There are two channels of the trading system, namely farmer–collector–traders–wholesaler–exporter partners and farmer–collector–traders–wholesalers–retailers. However, the trading model maximizes the Agribusiness Sub Terminal (AST) as a potato trading agent that can provide direct price information, attract traders, and facilitate transactions and trading contacts. The trading model allows potato trading agents to provide direct price information, attract traders, and facilitate transactions and trading contacts. The implication of this study is to anticipate productivity risk and potato farming income risk through the AST function. This study contributes to the condition of farming before and during COVID-19 pandemic by comparing differences in productivity, costs, income, productivity risk, and income risk as well as the potato grading model.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on business risks and potato commercial model","authors":"Pujiharto Pujiharto, S. Wahyuni","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was aimed (1) to analyze the productivity, cost, and income of potato farming; (2) to analyze the risk of potato farming; and (3) to analyze the potato trade system at the level before and during COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a descriptive-quantitative research type. It was conducted in Banjarnegara Regency, Jawa Tengah Province, Indonesia. The data were collected through surveys, observations, and Focus Group Discussions. The unit of analysis is the farmers who plant potatoes. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results showed that there is no difference between the two marketing channels before and during pandemic. There are two channels of the trading system, namely farmer–collector–traders–wholesaler–exporter partners and farmer–collector–traders–wholesalers–retailers. However, the trading model maximizes the Agribusiness Sub Terminal (AST) as a potato trading agent that can provide direct price information, attract traders, and facilitate transactions and trading contacts. The trading model allows potato trading agents to provide direct price information, attract traders, and facilitate transactions and trading contacts. The implication of this study is to anticipate productivity risk and potato farming income risk through the AST function. This study contributes to the condition of farming before and during COVID-19 pandemic by comparing differences in productivity, costs, income, productivity risk, and income risk as well as the potato grading model.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41959069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugues Ilunga Tabu, Jean Pierre Kabongo Tshiabukole, Amand Mbuya Kankolongo, A. Lubobo, Luciens Nyembo Kimuni
Abstract Genotype assessment across various environments is a basic condition for developing stable and superior genotypes for sustainable maize production in the South-East of the DR Congo. Therefore, this research’s objectives were to identify the performance of newly developed provitamin A maize genotypes in various environments, and to recommend high-performing and stable genotypes for broader adaptation. Eight provitamin A maize genotypes, including one commercial variety, were planted at three sites during two consecutive cropping seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) forming six environments. All genotypes in six environments were planted in a randomized complete block design containing three replications. Two stability analysis approaches, GGE biplot and Eberhart and Russell method are widely used to identify high yielding and stable genotypes. The combined analysis of variance revealed that G and E as well as their interaction (GEI) have significantly affected the emergence rate, cob’s insertion height, days to anthesis and silking, cob length, cob grain weight and grain yield. Average grain yield varied from 8.30 t/ha for PVAH-7L to 9.41 t/ha for PVAH-1L. The Eberhart and Russell method and the CV identified PVAH-1L, PVAH-4L, PVAH-7L and PVAH-6L as the most stable genotypes, but could not reliably identify the high yielding genotypes. On the other hand, the GGE biplot reliably and graphically showed the stable and high-yielding genotypes (PVAH-1L > PVAH-6L) as well as the low-yielding genotypes (PVAH-7 > PVAH-4L). In additional, the GGE biplot showed that L’shi21 was the best test environment for selecting high performing and stable provitamin A maize genotype. The results of this study indicate that PVAH-1L and PVAH-6L are the stable, high-yielding provitamin A maize genotypes in the South-East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and should be disseminated in this region.
{"title":"Yield stability and agronomic performances of provitamin A maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes in South-East of DR Congo","authors":"Hugues Ilunga Tabu, Jean Pierre Kabongo Tshiabukole, Amand Mbuya Kankolongo, A. Lubobo, Luciens Nyembo Kimuni","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genotype assessment across various environments is a basic condition for developing stable and superior genotypes for sustainable maize production in the South-East of the DR Congo. Therefore, this research’s objectives were to identify the performance of newly developed provitamin A maize genotypes in various environments, and to recommend high-performing and stable genotypes for broader adaptation. Eight provitamin A maize genotypes, including one commercial variety, were planted at three sites during two consecutive cropping seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) forming six environments. All genotypes in six environments were planted in a randomized complete block design containing three replications. Two stability analysis approaches, GGE biplot and Eberhart and Russell method are widely used to identify high yielding and stable genotypes. The combined analysis of variance revealed that G and E as well as their interaction (GEI) have significantly affected the emergence rate, cob’s insertion height, days to anthesis and silking, cob length, cob grain weight and grain yield. Average grain yield varied from 8.30 t/ha for PVAH-7L to 9.41 t/ha for PVAH-1L. The Eberhart and Russell method and the CV identified PVAH-1L, PVAH-4L, PVAH-7L and PVAH-6L as the most stable genotypes, but could not reliably identify the high yielding genotypes. On the other hand, the GGE biplot reliably and graphically showed the stable and high-yielding genotypes (PVAH-1L > PVAH-6L) as well as the low-yielding genotypes (PVAH-7 > PVAH-4L). In additional, the GGE biplot showed that L’shi21 was the best test environment for selecting high performing and stable provitamin A maize genotype. The results of this study indicate that PVAH-1L and PVAH-6L are the stable, high-yielding provitamin A maize genotypes in the South-East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and should be disseminated in this region.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43443920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mardiharini, E. Jamal, E. Rohaeni, C. Indrawanto, K. S. Indraningsih, E. Gunawan, R. Ramadhan, I. M. Fahmid, Ï. P. Wardana, E. Ariningsih
Abstract The diverse sources of agricultural extension information do not guarantee increased farmers’ capabilities to adopt agricultural innovations. Consequently, efforts to accelerate the adoption of agricultural innovations should pay particular attention to farmers’ compatibility with different information sources. This study aims to analyze farmers’ perceptions of various information sources about rice commodity innovations and determine the information sources influencing farmers’ capabilities in adopting rice innovations. The study was conducted from June to December 2019 through a structured survey approach with 270 rice farmers in Subang, West Java and Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia, by using structural equation model analysis. The results showed that rice farmers had positive perceptions of government, private, and self-subsistent extension. The capability level of rice farmers showed that all indicators were significantly different. Farmers could improve their capabilities and sustainability of rice farming by adopting agricultural innovations. Information from government and private extension providers had a positive effect on the capacity and capability of rice farmers. The role of self-subsistent extension was more of a facilitator and did not directly affect the capacity and capability of farmers. Participatory extension activities are recommended as a form of intervention that can improve rice farmers’ capacity and capability in terms of technology adoption processes. The extension activities should be provided as a series, rather than one-off events, so that farmer knowledge accumulates over time through a style and pace to match their skills and level of education.
{"title":"Indonesian rice farmers’ perceptions of different sources of information and their effect on farmer capability","authors":"M. Mardiharini, E. Jamal, E. Rohaeni, C. Indrawanto, K. S. Indraningsih, E. Gunawan, R. Ramadhan, I. M. Fahmid, Ï. P. Wardana, E. Ariningsih","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0200","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The diverse sources of agricultural extension information do not guarantee increased farmers’ capabilities to adopt agricultural innovations. Consequently, efforts to accelerate the adoption of agricultural innovations should pay particular attention to farmers’ compatibility with different information sources. This study aims to analyze farmers’ perceptions of various information sources about rice commodity innovations and determine the information sources influencing farmers’ capabilities in adopting rice innovations. The study was conducted from June to December 2019 through a structured survey approach with 270 rice farmers in Subang, West Java and Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia, by using structural equation model analysis. The results showed that rice farmers had positive perceptions of government, private, and self-subsistent extension. The capability level of rice farmers showed that all indicators were significantly different. Farmers could improve their capabilities and sustainability of rice farming by adopting agricultural innovations. Information from government and private extension providers had a positive effect on the capacity and capability of rice farmers. The role of self-subsistent extension was more of a facilitator and did not directly affect the capacity and capability of farmers. Participatory extension activities are recommended as a form of intervention that can improve rice farmers’ capacity and capability in terms of technology adoption processes. The extension activities should be provided as a series, rather than one-off events, so that farmer knowledge accumulates over time through a style and pace to match their skills and level of education.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44474749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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