A. M. Hasibuan, E. Randriani, D. Dani, T. Santoso, A. Sayekti, N. Izzah, B. Martono, M. Ibrahim, C. Tresniawati, R. Harni, S. Syafaruddin, A. Wahyudi
Abstract Small-scale coffee farming in Indonesia faces low productivity due to poor farming practices and low-quality planting materials. It highlights the need for improved coffee varieties that meet farmers’ preferences. Given the vulnerability of coffee farming to climate change, participatory breeding programs that involve collaboration between researchers and farmers to develop a climate-adapted variety are essential. This study used survey data from Gayo Highland, Aceh, Indonesia, to investigate farmers’ perception of the importance of climate-related attributes in a coffee variety, including those developed through a participatory breeding program, and the determinant factors. The result shows that farmers rated climate-related attributes as the least important (average score 0.36) compared to others, such as coffee productivity (1.57) and quality (1.22), resistance to pests and diseases (0.96), and input-use efficiency (0.57). This finding suggests a lack of awareness among farmers about the importance of climate issues in coffee farming. The estimation results also indicate that coffee extension activities have a negative association with farmers’ perceptions of the importance of climate attributes. This study recommends inclusive and targeted climate campaigns to increase farmers’ concern, awareness, and knowledge about the threats of climate change to coffee farming through strengthening advisory services.
{"title":"Small-scale coffee farmers’ perception of climate-adapted attributes in participatory coffee breeding: A case study of Gayo Highland, Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"A. M. Hasibuan, E. Randriani, D. Dani, T. Santoso, A. Sayekti, N. Izzah, B. Martono, M. Ibrahim, C. Tresniawati, R. Harni, S. Syafaruddin, A. Wahyudi","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0197","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small-scale coffee farming in Indonesia faces low productivity due to poor farming practices and low-quality planting materials. It highlights the need for improved coffee varieties that meet farmers’ preferences. Given the vulnerability of coffee farming to climate change, participatory breeding programs that involve collaboration between researchers and farmers to develop a climate-adapted variety are essential. This study used survey data from Gayo Highland, Aceh, Indonesia, to investigate farmers’ perception of the importance of climate-related attributes in a coffee variety, including those developed through a participatory breeding program, and the determinant factors. The result shows that farmers rated climate-related attributes as the least important (average score 0.36) compared to others, such as coffee productivity (1.57) and quality (1.22), resistance to pests and diseases (0.96), and input-use efficiency (0.57). This finding suggests a lack of awareness among farmers about the importance of climate issues in coffee farming. The estimation results also indicate that coffee extension activities have a negative association with farmers’ perceptions of the importance of climate attributes. This study recommends inclusive and targeted climate campaigns to increase farmers’ concern, awareness, and knowledge about the threats of climate change to coffee farming through strengthening advisory services.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48768446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The current study looks at a variety of factors that affect eating patterns. This is about internal and external aspects that lead to a thorough assessment of consumer behavior, with an emphasis on driving forces and obstacles that significantly affect each consumer’s food preferences. The information is based on questionnaire research of traditional and fiber food consumption as well as specific consumer purchasing behaviors. The results of the questionnaire survey were analyzed using qualitative aspects analysis and other statistical methods (ANOVA, t-test). The study’s goal is to provide comprehensive strategies that encourage and support the intake of nutritious meals, especially in light of how different food motivations and knowledge factors influence Lebanese consumer behavior. Based on the findings, individual eating motivation and its impact on consumers’ behavior in Lebanon when making food purchase decisions were found. Sources of potential influences include information, the social environment, and environmental variables. Processes like social learning influence the interplay between these components as well as food choices and eating habits. As a result, future programs to encourage healthy eating habits might profit by putting more of an emphasis on learning principles and food preferences when programs are implemented.
{"title":"Food determinants and motivation factors impact on consumer behavior in Lebanon","authors":"N. M. Boustani, R. Guiné","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study looks at a variety of factors that affect eating patterns. This is about internal and external aspects that lead to a thorough assessment of consumer behavior, with an emphasis on driving forces and obstacles that significantly affect each consumer’s food preferences. The information is based on questionnaire research of traditional and fiber food consumption as well as specific consumer purchasing behaviors. The results of the questionnaire survey were analyzed using qualitative aspects analysis and other statistical methods (ANOVA, t-test). The study’s goal is to provide comprehensive strategies that encourage and support the intake of nutritious meals, especially in light of how different food motivations and knowledge factors influence Lebanese consumer behavior. Based on the findings, individual eating motivation and its impact on consumers’ behavior in Lebanon when making food purchase decisions were found. Sources of potential influences include information, the social environment, and environmental variables. Processes like social learning influence the interplay between these components as well as food choices and eating habits. As a result, future programs to encourage healthy eating habits might profit by putting more of an emphasis on learning principles and food preferences when programs are implemented.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44085188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evia Zunita D. Pratiwi, M. Pahlawan, Diah N. Rahmi, H. Z. Amanah, R. Masithoh
Abstract Visible–shortwave near-infrared spectroscopy has been used for internal quality measurement, but the optical penetration to the thickness of fruit skin becomes a challenge. This research aimed to develop partial least square regression model for the soluble solid content (SSC) measurement of fruits having various skin thicknesses, namely dragon fruit, tomato, guava, sapodilla, and banana. The spectra of each fruit were taken in a reflectance mode over a wavelength range of 400–1,000 nm. The best models obtained from banana and sapodilla yielded determination coefficient of prediction (R 2 p) of 0.88 and 0.90 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) 0.39 and 0.38°Brix, respectively. The banana and sapodilla SSC prediction models should be able to be used carefully in a variety of applications. Tomato and guava had moderately thinner skin but had the lower R 2 p of 0.64 and 0.76 and the RMSEP of 0.17 and 0.26°Brix, respectively. The poorest model was yielded by dragon fruit, which had the thickest skin with the R 2 p of 0.59 and the RMSEP of 0.40°Brix. The model for guava, although having low R 2 p, can still be utilized as a screening criterion and in some other ‘approximate’ applications. However, the SSC prediction model for tomatoes and dragon fruit is not recommended to use and requires additional research. In addition to the effect of skin thickness, other fruit morphological influences the result of this study. Internal structure and seed number influence the reflection optical geometry, which also affects the SSC prediction model.
{"title":"Non-destructive evaluation of soluble solid content in fruits with various skin thicknesses using visible–shortwave near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Evia Zunita D. Pratiwi, M. Pahlawan, Diah N. Rahmi, H. Z. Amanah, R. Masithoh","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Visible–shortwave near-infrared spectroscopy has been used for internal quality measurement, but the optical penetration to the thickness of fruit skin becomes a challenge. This research aimed to develop partial least square regression model for the soluble solid content (SSC) measurement of fruits having various skin thicknesses, namely dragon fruit, tomato, guava, sapodilla, and banana. The spectra of each fruit were taken in a reflectance mode over a wavelength range of 400–1,000 nm. The best models obtained from banana and sapodilla yielded determination coefficient of prediction (R 2 p) of 0.88 and 0.90 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) 0.39 and 0.38°Brix, respectively. The banana and sapodilla SSC prediction models should be able to be used carefully in a variety of applications. Tomato and guava had moderately thinner skin but had the lower R 2 p of 0.64 and 0.76 and the RMSEP of 0.17 and 0.26°Brix, respectively. The poorest model was yielded by dragon fruit, which had the thickest skin with the R 2 p of 0.59 and the RMSEP of 0.40°Brix. The model for guava, although having low R 2 p, can still be utilized as a screening criterion and in some other ‘approximate’ applications. However, the SSC prediction model for tomatoes and dragon fruit is not recommended to use and requires additional research. In addition to the effect of skin thickness, other fruit morphological influences the result of this study. Internal structure and seed number influence the reflection optical geometry, which also affects the SSC prediction model.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lawrence O. Oyenpemi, S. O. Solaja, Blessing Oluwaseun Fadeyi, T. Awe, Wale Ayojimi, Stephen Otu Etta-Oyong, Omebere Winifred Okonta, O. A. Oriade
Abstract Soya bean occupies a crucial space in solving the problem of poverty and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), given the status of the crop as a multipurpose crop. Despite the enormous importance of this crop, the production is still very low in SSA, particularly in Nigeria. This study, therefore, examines the performance of soya bean production using technical efficiency as a yardstick for measuring performance. Primary data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and scheduled interview from 100 soya bean farmers selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, profitability analysis, and stochastic frontier analysis. The results reveal that the average age was about 45 years with close to 5 years of farming experience. The average household size in the study area was 5 with a mean farm size of 1.8 hectares. The net farm income was ₦37753.92k, while the average rate of return to investment (return per naira invested) was 1.49. The overall mean technical efficiency score was about 56%. This suggests that farmers are relatively efficient in general. There is, however, a gap to improve their farming operations through adequate training on seeds and agrochemical use because both contribute to their inefficiencies.
{"title":"Economic performance of smallholder soya bean production in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Lawrence O. Oyenpemi, S. O. Solaja, Blessing Oluwaseun Fadeyi, T. Awe, Wale Ayojimi, Stephen Otu Etta-Oyong, Omebere Winifred Okonta, O. A. Oriade","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soya bean occupies a crucial space in solving the problem of poverty and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), given the status of the crop as a multipurpose crop. Despite the enormous importance of this crop, the production is still very low in SSA, particularly in Nigeria. This study, therefore, examines the performance of soya bean production using technical efficiency as a yardstick for measuring performance. Primary data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and scheduled interview from 100 soya bean farmers selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, profitability analysis, and stochastic frontier analysis. The results reveal that the average age was about 45 years with close to 5 years of farming experience. The average household size in the study area was 5 with a mean farm size of 1.8 hectares. The net farm income was ₦37753.92k, while the average rate of return to investment (return per naira invested) was 1.49. The overall mean technical efficiency score was about 56%. This suggests that farmers are relatively efficient in general. There is, however, a gap to improve their farming operations through adequate training on seeds and agrochemical use because both contribute to their inefficiencies.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46540912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André Oliveira, Ana Mendes, Jorge Lameiras, Pedro Mendes-Moreira, Goreti Botelho
Abstract The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been considered very important for human health. This research aimed to study consumption habits of fruits and vegetables from organic farming (OFV) within a convenience sample of Portuguese adults, including reasons for consumption, most valued mode of production sources, frequency of use, knowledge about characteristics and benefits, and information sources. An online questionnaire containing 30 questions was originally developed and shared on social networks and 300 questionnaires were obtained. The organic vegetables identified as the most consumed were lettuce (93.5%), potato (92%), and tomato (92%); the most consumed organic fruits were orange (83%), lemon (82%), and strawberry (82%). The strongest motivations to consume OFV include environmental benefits (57%) and health benefits (94%), namely the prevention of high total cholesterol (71%), the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (69%), and obesity prevention (68%). Regarding the level of information about the nutritional and chemical properties of OFV, 86% of the respondents consider themselves informed people. Meanwhile, there still are 33% of the respondents revealing no concern about the farming practices. As so, there is an opportunity to increase literacy about these products, to raise awareness about the benefits of organic products, and to promote higher consumption of OFV products, supported in the arguments of perceived positive impact of organic agriculture on ecosystems and human health.
{"title":"Consumption profile of organic fruits and vegetables by a Portuguese consumer’s sample","authors":"André Oliveira, Ana Mendes, Jorge Lameiras, Pedro Mendes-Moreira, Goreti Botelho","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0217","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been considered very important for human health. This research aimed to study consumption habits of fruits and vegetables from organic farming (OFV) within a convenience sample of Portuguese adults, including reasons for consumption, most valued mode of production sources, frequency of use, knowledge about characteristics and benefits, and information sources. An online questionnaire containing 30 questions was originally developed and shared on social networks and 300 questionnaires were obtained. The organic vegetables identified as the most consumed were lettuce (93.5%), potato (92%), and tomato (92%); the most consumed organic fruits were orange (83%), lemon (82%), and strawberry (82%). The strongest motivations to consume OFV include environmental benefits (57%) and health benefits (94%), namely the prevention of high total cholesterol (71%), the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (69%), and obesity prevention (68%). Regarding the level of information about the nutritional and chemical properties of OFV, 86% of the respondents consider themselves informed people. Meanwhile, there still are 33% of the respondents revealing no concern about the farming practices. As so, there is an opportunity to increase literacy about these products, to raise awareness about the benefits of organic products, and to promote higher consumption of OFV products, supported in the arguments of perceived positive impact of organic agriculture on ecosystems and human health.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Cunha, Maria Lúcia Pato, E. Kastenholz, C. Barroco
Abstract Wine tourism (WT) is an important area of special-interest tourism in Portugal, and represents an increasingly significant component of regional development. In a more conservative approach, WT has been described as visiting vineyards, wineries, and engaging in wine-related activities. However, this perspective has been broadened, taking advantage of all the potential of the specific destination’s terroir (nature/landscape, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, etc.). Wine routes make the connection between wine and tourism in a specific region and intend to boost wine tourism by promoting collaboration between different stakeholders. Different routes present distinct approaches to WT, within diverse regional contexts, and different ways of collaboration within the wine route. This study compares three wine routes at different stages of development, located in a rural periphery – in the central region of Portugal – Bairrada, Dão, and Beira Interior, considering both context data and information collected in 113 interviews conducted with diverse wine tourism agents from these routes. Besides a brief characterization of the three routes, the main results indicate supplier’s preference for terroir routes instead of wine routes and show the importance of gender, age, and education level for the collaborative work between stakeholders. These aspects and their contribution to the development of WT routes are discussed. Some questions that additional studies may help answering are also reflected.
{"title":"Comparison of three wine routes’ realities in Central Portugal","authors":"Diana Cunha, Maria Lúcia Pato, E. Kastenholz, C. Barroco","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wine tourism (WT) is an important area of special-interest tourism in Portugal, and represents an increasingly significant component of regional development. In a more conservative approach, WT has been described as visiting vineyards, wineries, and engaging in wine-related activities. However, this perspective has been broadened, taking advantage of all the potential of the specific destination’s terroir (nature/landscape, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, etc.). Wine routes make the connection between wine and tourism in a specific region and intend to boost wine tourism by promoting collaboration between different stakeholders. Different routes present distinct approaches to WT, within diverse regional contexts, and different ways of collaboration within the wine route. This study compares three wine routes at different stages of development, located in a rural periphery – in the central region of Portugal – Bairrada, Dão, and Beira Interior, considering both context data and information collected in 113 interviews conducted with diverse wine tourism agents from these routes. Besides a brief characterization of the three routes, the main results indicate supplier’s preference for terroir routes instead of wine routes and show the importance of gender, age, and education level for the collaborative work between stakeholders. These aspects and their contribution to the development of WT routes are discussed. Some questions that additional studies may help answering are also reflected.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46385530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Identity has become a fascinating object of exploration in various aspects of life and work, including farming. Many studies have examined the extent to which farmers reconstruct their identities, and only a limited number have evaluated the forms of negotiation from a communication perspective. Therefore, herein, we addressed this gap by analysing the identity challenges experienced by farmers in the agricultural era 4.0. A comprehensive farmer identity negotiation model was developed by conducting a multi-case study involving millennial and Generation X farmers from different regions in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 farmers who have embraced Agriculture 4.0 across five regencies in Indonesia. The results showed that farmer identity is maintained and built through various processes, including education, outreach, affiliation, and social networking. Farmer identity negotiation also involves self-preparedness, such as developing communication competence and receiving environmental support through social connections, media, and access to information. The process of farmer identity negotiation ultimately leads to the affirmation of identity, manifesting in changes in social roles, lifestyle changes, and improved farming quality. The advent of Agriculture Revolution 4.0 has necessitated the availability of innovative information, provided access to information and communication technology, and spaces for farmer communities to improve their farming competence.
{"title":"How intergenerational farmers negotiate their identity in the era of Agriculture 4.0: A multiple-case study in Indonesia","authors":"E. Widiyanti, R. Karsidi, M. Wijaya, P. Utari","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Identity has become a fascinating object of exploration in various aspects of life and work, including farming. Many studies have examined the extent to which farmers reconstruct their identities, and only a limited number have evaluated the forms of negotiation from a communication perspective. Therefore, herein, we addressed this gap by analysing the identity challenges experienced by farmers in the agricultural era 4.0. A comprehensive farmer identity negotiation model was developed by conducting a multi-case study involving millennial and Generation X farmers from different regions in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 farmers who have embraced Agriculture 4.0 across five regencies in Indonesia. The results showed that farmer identity is maintained and built through various processes, including education, outreach, affiliation, and social networking. Farmer identity negotiation also involves self-preparedness, such as developing communication competence and receiving environmental support through social connections, media, and access to information. The process of farmer identity negotiation ultimately leads to the affirmation of identity, manifesting in changes in social roles, lifestyle changes, and improved farming quality. The advent of Agriculture Revolution 4.0 has necessitated the availability of innovative information, provided access to information and communication technology, and spaces for farmer communities to improve their farming competence.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nyangaresi M. Annette, Tsegaye Makeda, Moyo Mukani, Muzhingi Tawanda
Abstract Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), a promising crop for alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD), can be utilized at home and in commercial food processing as a basic and functional ingredient. The root can be processed into puree that is incorporated in baked and fried products and other products, with a high acceptability rate. When used as a wheat substitute in a bakery, the OFSP puree significantly cuts the production cost. In the last few years and with the intensified promotion of OFSP and OFSP puree products as a sustainable food-based strategy to tackling VAD at the population level, many small-medium food enterprises (SMEs) in the Eastern Africa Region (EAR) have shown great interest in utilizing the OFSP puree in their commercial product lines. However, the OFSP and OFSP puree value chain for commercial usage is still underdeveloped poising raw material supply challenges. In addition, the SMEs are early-stage businesses lacking the capacity and proper business models to propel them to sustainably venture into OFSP processing. As such, there is a need to engage and support SMEs in tailoring business models suitable for their scaling needs along the OFSP value chain to make available in the market, affordable nutrient-dense OFSP-puree products. This article presents the approach that was used to offer tailored Business Development Services (BDS) for selected SMEs in EAR to scale up their capacity to commercialize OFSP puree and puree-based products. The BDS designed and supported six integrated modules: business profile development, business model canvas, understanding the numbers/finances, OFSP value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, and growth plan, to develop and document individual business capacities and aspirations. The SMEs identified numerous opportunities and entry points for OFSP value chain development and expansion through the BDS depending on their business needs.
{"title":"Tailoring business models for small-medium food enterprises in Eastern Africa can drive the commercialization and utilization of vitamin A rich orange-fleshed sweet potato puree","authors":"Nyangaresi M. Annette, Tsegaye Makeda, Moyo Mukani, Muzhingi Tawanda","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0168","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), a promising crop for alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD), can be utilized at home and in commercial food processing as a basic and functional ingredient. The root can be processed into puree that is incorporated in baked and fried products and other products, with a high acceptability rate. When used as a wheat substitute in a bakery, the OFSP puree significantly cuts the production cost. In the last few years and with the intensified promotion of OFSP and OFSP puree products as a sustainable food-based strategy to tackling VAD at the population level, many small-medium food enterprises (SMEs) in the Eastern Africa Region (EAR) have shown great interest in utilizing the OFSP puree in their commercial product lines. However, the OFSP and OFSP puree value chain for commercial usage is still underdeveloped poising raw material supply challenges. In addition, the SMEs are early-stage businesses lacking the capacity and proper business models to propel them to sustainably venture into OFSP processing. As such, there is a need to engage and support SMEs in tailoring business models suitable for their scaling needs along the OFSP value chain to make available in the market, affordable nutrient-dense OFSP-puree products. This article presents the approach that was used to offer tailored Business Development Services (BDS) for selected SMEs in EAR to scale up their capacity to commercialize OFSP puree and puree-based products. The BDS designed and supported six integrated modules: business profile development, business model canvas, understanding the numbers/finances, OFSP value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, and growth plan, to develop and document individual business capacities and aspirations. The SMEs identified numerous opportunities and entry points for OFSP value chain development and expansion through the BDS depending on their business needs.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45149528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Grazing exclusion (GE) is a useful management technique for restoring degraded grasslands. The herbage mass productivity and chemical makeup in the grazing-excluded subtropical grassland environment has, however, received little attention. A subtropical riverine grassland was selected to determine the effect of GE on herbage mass productivity and chemical composition in Nepal. In three successive harvesting times from September to November 2020, the herbage was sampled along the six randomly selected transects of 100 m length and at two treatments (GA: Grazing-allowed and GE: Grazing-excluded plots) at three different times of harvest from a 1,000-ha grassland. A total of 108 herbage cut samples were collected from the individual 1 m × 1 m quadrats at the three harvests, respectively, from the GA and GE plots. Fences were used to maintain the GE plots to avoid grazing to prevent the vegetation altered by grazing. Day before herbage sampling, the functional groups, cover-abundance within the sampling quadrats were investigated. By cutting the fresh herbage 5 cm above the ground and subjecting it to oven drying for laboratory examination, the herbage mass productivity within each quadrat was measured. Using established laboratory procedures, the chemical analysis of herbage was evaluated for its proximate, fibre, and mineral contents. The results of the study demonstrated that GE significantly increased grass species than other-forbs, other-graminoids, and legumes, respectively, and increased dry matter productivity, which could be seen by an increase in leaf stem ratio, tiller productivity, increased coarseness (fibrous content), total ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), but with a decreased nonstructural carbohydrate, and the concentrations of ether extract and crude protein. Research results also confirmed that GE increases herbages’ fibrousness and productivity, though the herbage quality, intake, and digestibility decline. It further demonstrates that grazing is a crucial biological component for maintaining pasture quality in subtropical grasslands and that managing grasslands through livestock grazing would make grasslands more stable and nutrient-enriched. The findings of this study can be useful in the long-term monitoring of grazing livestock in the subtropical grasslands when considering further investigations with the multiple factors in future.
禁牧是恢复退化草地的一项有效管理技术。然而，对亚热带草地放牧环境下牧草质量生产力和化学组成的研究却很少。在尼泊尔选取了一片亚热带河流草地，研究了转基因对牧草质量生产力和化学成分的影响。在2020年9月至11月的三个连续收获期，在1000公顷草地上随机选择6个长度为100 m的样带，在三个不同的收获时间进行两种处理(GA:允许放牧和GE:不允许放牧)的牧草取样。三次采收时，在遗传和转基因样地的1 m × 1 m样地共采集108份割草样品。采用围栏保护转基因样地避免放牧，防止放牧对植被的改变。采样前一天，对样方内的功能基团、覆盖度进行调查。将新鲜牧草在离地5cm处割下，经烘箱烘干后进行实验室检验，测定每个样方内牧草的质量生产率。利用已建立的实验室程序，对牧草的化学分析进行了评估，包括其近似物、纤维和矿物质含量。结果表明，与其他草本植物、其他禾草类植物和豆科植物相比，转基因显著增加了禾草种类，并显著提高了干物质生产力，表现为叶茎比、分蘖生产力、粗度(纤维含量)、总灰分、钙(Ca)和磷(P)增加，但非结构碳水化合物、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质浓度降低。研究结果还证实，转基因提高了牧草的纤维性和生产力，但降低了牧草的品质、采食量和消化率。研究进一步表明，放牧是维持亚热带草原牧草质量的重要生物成分，通过放牧对草原进行管理可以使草原更加稳定和营养丰富。本研究结果可为亚热带草原放牧牲畜的长期监测提供参考，并可在今后的多因素调查中进一步研究。
{"title":"Effect of short-term grazing exclusion on herbage species composition, dry matter productivity, and chemical composition of subtropical grasslands","authors":"S. Barsila, Mahendra Singh Dhami, Bijay Kumar Shrestha, Luma Nidhi Pandey","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0223","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Grazing exclusion (GE) is a useful management technique for restoring degraded grasslands. The herbage mass productivity and chemical makeup in the grazing-excluded subtropical grassland environment has, however, received little attention. A subtropical riverine grassland was selected to determine the effect of GE on herbage mass productivity and chemical composition in Nepal. In three successive harvesting times from September to November 2020, the herbage was sampled along the six randomly selected transects of 100 m length and at two treatments (GA: Grazing-allowed and GE: Grazing-excluded plots) at three different times of harvest from a 1,000-ha grassland. A total of 108 herbage cut samples were collected from the individual 1 m × 1 m quadrats at the three harvests, respectively, from the GA and GE plots. Fences were used to maintain the GE plots to avoid grazing to prevent the vegetation altered by grazing. Day before herbage sampling, the functional groups, cover-abundance within the sampling quadrats were investigated. By cutting the fresh herbage 5 cm above the ground and subjecting it to oven drying for laboratory examination, the herbage mass productivity within each quadrat was measured. Using established laboratory procedures, the chemical analysis of herbage was evaluated for its proximate, fibre, and mineral contents. The results of the study demonstrated that GE significantly increased grass species than other-forbs, other-graminoids, and legumes, respectively, and increased dry matter productivity, which could be seen by an increase in leaf stem ratio, tiller productivity, increased coarseness (fibrous content), total ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), but with a decreased nonstructural carbohydrate, and the concentrations of ether extract and crude protein. Research results also confirmed that GE increases herbages’ fibrousness and productivity, though the herbage quality, intake, and digestibility decline. It further demonstrates that grazing is a crucial biological component for maintaining pasture quality in subtropical grasslands and that managing grasslands through livestock grazing would make grasslands more stable and nutrient-enriched. The findings of this study can be useful in the long-term monitoring of grazing livestock in the subtropical grasslands when considering further investigations with the multiple factors in future.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Espinoza-Silva, Erika Pascual, Yacnehs Delgadillo, Omar R. Flores, Luis M. Artica, Doris Marmolejo, Lilian Baños-Medina
Abstract The aim of this study was to extract and quantify cannabinoids from female inflorescences of Cannabis sativa L. from three altitudinal floors of Peru, by optimizing the amplitude, time, and methanol concentration in the ultrasound-assisted extraction required to maximize cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) content, and yields. Optimal extraction conditions were determined by response surface and the central composite design was used. The quadratic model was adequate for yield, Δ9-THC, and CBD with R 2 values of 0.998, 0.985, and 0.991 respectively. Optimal conditions were 99% radiation amplitude, 20 min extraction time, and 96% ethanol concentration. The optimized extract of C. sativa L. inflorescences had a yield of 24.12%, 0.62% CBD, and 5.973% THC. The content of cannabinoids studied in the Junín Region at altitudes between 2,070 and 3,274 m above sea level (m asl) had a CBD content between 0.1 and 0.4%, THC between 2.2 and 6%, and yield of 10–24%; in the Ayacucho region at an altitude of 2,627 m asl the CBD content was between 0.62 and 0.65%, THC was 6.21–6.72%, and yield of 23.8–24%; and in the Huánuco region at altitude of 660–711 m asl it had a CBD content between 0.55 and 0.65%, THC from 8.11 to 8.92%, and yield from 24.3 to 29.7%. It was concluded from the present work that the parameters such as amplitude, time, and solvent directly influence the extraction yield, in the same way the altitude influences the content of cannabinoids, being lower yields at higher planting altitude.
{"title":"Optimization of extraction using surface response methodology and quantification of cannabinoids in female inflorescences of marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) at three altitudinal floors of Peru","authors":"Clara Espinoza-Silva, Erika Pascual, Yacnehs Delgadillo, Omar R. Flores, Luis M. Artica, Doris Marmolejo, Lilian Baños-Medina","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0186","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to extract and quantify cannabinoids from female inflorescences of Cannabis sativa L. from three altitudinal floors of Peru, by optimizing the amplitude, time, and methanol concentration in the ultrasound-assisted extraction required to maximize cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) content, and yields. Optimal extraction conditions were determined by response surface and the central composite design was used. The quadratic model was adequate for yield, Δ9-THC, and CBD with R 2 values of 0.998, 0.985, and 0.991 respectively. Optimal conditions were 99% radiation amplitude, 20 min extraction time, and 96% ethanol concentration. The optimized extract of C. sativa L. inflorescences had a yield of 24.12%, 0.62% CBD, and 5.973% THC. The content of cannabinoids studied in the Junín Region at altitudes between 2,070 and 3,274 m above sea level (m asl) had a CBD content between 0.1 and 0.4%, THC between 2.2 and 6%, and yield of 10–24%; in the Ayacucho region at an altitude of 2,627 m asl the CBD content was between 0.62 and 0.65%, THC was 6.21–6.72%, and yield of 23.8–24%; and in the Huánuco region at altitude of 660–711 m asl it had a CBD content between 0.55 and 0.65%, THC from 8.11 to 8.92%, and yield from 24.3 to 29.7%. It was concluded from the present work that the parameters such as amplitude, time, and solvent directly influence the extraction yield, in the same way the altitude influences the content of cannabinoids, being lower yields at higher planting altitude.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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