A. Asaleye, H. Inegbedion, A. Lawal, O. Adeleke, U. Osakede, E. Ogunwole
Abstract The Nigerian government has implemented a comprehensive spectrum of policies and programmes to diversify the economy and encourage broad-based growth through investment in the agricultural sector. However, the steady increase in the poverty and unemployment rate has raised controversial issues among scholars. In light of this, the study investigates the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on Nigeria’s agricultural performance using two models for output and employment. The Error Correction Model (ECM) approach was used to establish the short and long-run behaviours. In the first model, output in the agricultural sector was used as the independent variable, while in the second model, employment in the agricultural sector was used as the independent variable. The study’s findings showed that output positively relates to credit to the agricultural sector and exchange rate. However, it was depicted that output and employment in the agricultural sector in both the short-run and the long-run are not statistically significant. The implication drawn from the study is that credit granted to the agricultural sector can foster aggregate output in the sector, which will promote long-term employment. The study suggests considerable investment in the agricultural sector and the need to strengthen institutions for proper management of resources to ensure effective evaluation of funds disbursed for improving the agricultural sector, among others.
{"title":"Revamping agricultural sector and its implications on output and employment generation: Evidence from Nigeria","authors":"A. Asaleye, H. Inegbedion, A. Lawal, O. Adeleke, U. Osakede, E. Ogunwole","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Nigerian government has implemented a comprehensive spectrum of policies and programmes to diversify the economy and encourage broad-based growth through investment in the agricultural sector. However, the steady increase in the poverty and unemployment rate has raised controversial issues among scholars. In light of this, the study investigates the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on Nigeria’s agricultural performance using two models for output and employment. The Error Correction Model (ECM) approach was used to establish the short and long-run behaviours. In the first model, output in the agricultural sector was used as the independent variable, while in the second model, employment in the agricultural sector was used as the independent variable. The study’s findings showed that output positively relates to credit to the agricultural sector and exchange rate. However, it was depicted that output and employment in the agricultural sector in both the short-run and the long-run are not statistically significant. The implication drawn from the study is that credit granted to the agricultural sector can foster aggregate output in the sector, which will promote long-term employment. The study suggests considerable investment in the agricultural sector and the need to strengthen institutions for proper management of resources to ensure effective evaluation of funds disbursed for improving the agricultural sector, among others.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48859497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Tropical countries are rich in medicinal herbs that have the potentials to improve poultry productivity and health by increasing digestive enzyme activity, immune responses, and modulation of gut microbiota composition through the action of their bioactive constituents. Presently, black pepper (BP), one of such tropical herbs is gaining popularity as a substitute for antibiotics in poultry production, which have been found to promote the development of anti-resistant strains of bacteria and incorporation of drug residues in animal products. BP belongs to the genus - Piper, species – nigrum, and family - Piperaceae. The leaves, fruits, and seeds of BP are moderate in essential nutrients such as minerals and vitamins, but low in anti-nutritional factors. It is also high in important bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds play important roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of animals such as growth, egg production, and immune responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to pool evidence on the chemical composition of BP that acts as feed additives and their mode of action in enhancing performance and product quality, as well as the reasons for the inconsistent results among authors on the feed additive value of BP in chicken nutrition.
{"title":"Black pepper (Piper nigrum Lam) as a natural feed additive and source of beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals in chicken nutrition","authors":"I. Ogbuewu, C. Mbajiorgu","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tropical countries are rich in medicinal herbs that have the potentials to improve poultry productivity and health by increasing digestive enzyme activity, immune responses, and modulation of gut microbiota composition through the action of their bioactive constituents. Presently, black pepper (BP), one of such tropical herbs is gaining popularity as a substitute for antibiotics in poultry production, which have been found to promote the development of anti-resistant strains of bacteria and incorporation of drug residues in animal products. BP belongs to the genus - Piper, species – nigrum, and family - Piperaceae. The leaves, fruits, and seeds of BP are moderate in essential nutrients such as minerals and vitamins, but low in anti-nutritional factors. It is also high in important bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds play important roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of animals such as growth, egg production, and immune responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to pool evidence on the chemical composition of BP that acts as feed additives and their mode of action in enhancing performance and product quality, as well as the reasons for the inconsistent results among authors on the feed additive value of BP in chicken nutrition.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47639882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Okonkwo, Moses O. Isaac, E. Alhassan, Marvel Ogbevire, A. S. Alake, F. Ajao, A. Olayanju
Abstract The study developed a compact, single unit of fish feed mixing and pelleting machine. In this work, a compact fish feed mixing and pelleting machine was designed, fabricated, and evaluated for its performance efficiency. The basic units of the machine are the processing unit, structural support, and the prime mover. The major component of the feed substrates used were maize, fish meal, soya bean cake, blood, and bone meal in their varied proportions blended with wet cassava starch to establish the machine performance and efficiency. The results showed that the varied proportions of starch inclusion in the blended substrate have influence on the investigated machine performance parameters. The performance outputs from the machine revealed the highest pelleting efficiency of 80.36%, pellet durability of 98.74%, throughput capacity of 4.16 kg/h, and the least labour requirement of 0.23 man-hour per kg at a starch inclusion of 0.125 kg, while the highest pellet bulk density of 0.302 g/cm3 was recorded at 0.20 and 0.125 kg starch addition. Machine economic analysis revealed that it can be of benefit for small- to medium-scale fish feed farmers.
{"title":"Design and fabrication of a fish feed mixing cum pelleting machine for small-medium scale aquaculture industry","authors":"C. Okonkwo, Moses O. Isaac, E. Alhassan, Marvel Ogbevire, A. S. Alake, F. Ajao, A. Olayanju","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study developed a compact, single unit of fish feed mixing and pelleting machine. In this work, a compact fish feed mixing and pelleting machine was designed, fabricated, and evaluated for its performance efficiency. The basic units of the machine are the processing unit, structural support, and the prime mover. The major component of the feed substrates used were maize, fish meal, soya bean cake, blood, and bone meal in their varied proportions blended with wet cassava starch to establish the machine performance and efficiency. The results showed that the varied proportions of starch inclusion in the blended substrate have influence on the investigated machine performance parameters. The performance outputs from the machine revealed the highest pelleting efficiency of 80.36%, pellet durability of 98.74%, throughput capacity of 4.16 kg/h, and the least labour requirement of 0.23 man-hour per kg at a starch inclusion of 0.125 kg, while the highest pellet bulk density of 0.302 g/cm3 was recorded at 0.20 and 0.125 kg starch addition. Machine economic analysis revealed that it can be of benefit for small- to medium-scale fish feed farmers.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. S. Indraningsih, A. Ashari, S. Syahyuti, I. S. Anugrah, Sri Suharyono, S. Saptana, A. Iswariyadi, A. Agustian, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, M. Ariani, M. Mardiharini
Abstract Extension activities play a significant role in the success of agricultural development programs. Farmers still need agricultural extension workers (EWs) in the form of assistance, technical guidance, and management intensively and continuously. With the limited number of government EWs, the role of independent agricultural extension (IAE) workers has become crucial. In Indonesia, IAE worker has been recognized since 2006, although it has not been effective. This article aims to: (1) identify conditions and characteristics of IAE and (2) analyze the influencing factors on the role of IAE officers in supporting agricultural extension. Data collection was carried out with a structured questionnaire using Google Forms involving 161 respondents. The analysis method uses inferential statistics, namely the structural equation modeling. The results showed that the factors that directly affect the role of IAE workers are work motivation and quantity or workload. The number of IAE workers directly influences their performance. A favorable working environment is required to achieve the ideal role of IAE workers. In addition, improvement of work management, horizontal and vertical relations, and regulations posit IAE workers as an essential part of agricultural extension activities. It is necessary to have a regional regulation that legalizes the allocation of regional budgets as regular incentives to facilitate the activities of agricultural EWs.
{"title":"Factors influencing the role and performance of independent agricultural extension workers in supporting agricultural extension","authors":"K. S. Indraningsih, A. Ashari, S. Syahyuti, I. S. Anugrah, Sri Suharyono, S. Saptana, A. Iswariyadi, A. Agustian, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, M. Ariani, M. Mardiharini","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Extension activities play a significant role in the success of agricultural development programs. Farmers still need agricultural extension workers (EWs) in the form of assistance, technical guidance, and management intensively and continuously. With the limited number of government EWs, the role of independent agricultural extension (IAE) workers has become crucial. In Indonesia, IAE worker has been recognized since 2006, although it has not been effective. This article aims to: (1) identify conditions and characteristics of IAE and (2) analyze the influencing factors on the role of IAE officers in supporting agricultural extension. Data collection was carried out with a structured questionnaire using Google Forms involving 161 respondents. The analysis method uses inferential statistics, namely the structural equation modeling. The results showed that the factors that directly affect the role of IAE workers are work motivation and quantity or workload. The number of IAE workers directly influences their performance. A favorable working environment is required to achieve the ideal role of IAE workers. In addition, improvement of work management, horizontal and vertical relations, and regulations posit IAE workers as an essential part of agricultural extension activities. It is necessary to have a regional regulation that legalizes the allocation of regional budgets as regular incentives to facilitate the activities of agricultural EWs.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43414375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The antifungal activity of Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides C01 was recorded. Pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides C01 on citrus leaves was confirmed by the Koch postulate. T. hamatum K01 inhibited the colony growth and conidia production of C. gloeosporioides C01 by 70.55 and 79.07%, respectively. Crude extracts from T. hamatum K01 expressed an antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides C01. The crude TK01-MeOH showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 273 and 355 ppm, respectively. Nanofiber TK01M gave the highest inhibition on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 13 and 3 ppm, respectively. Control mechanism was related to the major pyrone metabolite group (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one), organic compounds (benzoic acid, hexadecane, tetracosane), fatty acids (palmitic acid, linoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and ethyl oleate), and sorbicillin from GC-MS analysis, which were produced by T. hamatum K01. It is reported for the first time to isolate secondary metabolite pyrone (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one) from T. hamatum K01, and the first report of nanofibers constructed from T. hamatum K01 against C. gloeosporioides.
{"title":"Natural product nanofibers derived from Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control citrus anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","authors":"Pheaktra Phal, K. Soytong, S. Poeaim","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The antifungal activity of Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides C01 was recorded. Pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides C01 on citrus leaves was confirmed by the Koch postulate. T. hamatum K01 inhibited the colony growth and conidia production of C. gloeosporioides C01 by 70.55 and 79.07%, respectively. Crude extracts from T. hamatum K01 expressed an antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides C01. The crude TK01-MeOH showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 273 and 355 ppm, respectively. Nanofiber TK01M gave the highest inhibition on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 13 and 3 ppm, respectively. Control mechanism was related to the major pyrone metabolite group (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one), organic compounds (benzoic acid, hexadecane, tetracosane), fatty acids (palmitic acid, linoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and ethyl oleate), and sorbicillin from GC-MS analysis, which were produced by T. hamatum K01. It is reported for the first time to isolate secondary metabolite pyrone (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one) from T. hamatum K01, and the first report of nanofibers constructed from T. hamatum K01 against C. gloeosporioides.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48342733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Guiné, Carolina Gonçalves, S. Carpes, V. L. Vieira, Sofia G. Florença, João C. Gonçalves, O. Anjos
Abstract Breakfast has been considered one of the most important meals of the day. While breakfast habits and their consequences on children’s health and performance are well documented, studies on the adult population are still lacking. The aim of this study is to observe the breakfast consumption habits of Portuguese and Brazilian adults to understand the importance attributed to this meal, which leads people to have breakfast or to skip it, and also what types of food are consumed. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was carried out in both countries, and the data were collected through the internet. A convenience sample consisting of 694 participants (380 from Brazil and 314 from Portugal) were used in this study, all were adults who gave informed consent to participate in the research. The results showed that the majority of participants consumed breakfast every day (74.4% in Brazil and 78.3% in Portugal), and they did it at home (94.4 and 94.3% for Brazilians and Portuguese, respectively). The results also showed that the reasons for consuming breakfast and skipping it are very similar in both countries. People say they do not have breakfast because they do not want to eat in the morning or they do not have time. The reasons to always have breakfast include providing energy, satiety from night fasting, preventing hunger until lunch, because they like it, or simply because it is a habit. The level of knowledge was slightly higher among Portuguese than Brazilian participants and was found to vary according to the habits of having breakfast or skipping it and also according to country, sex, BMI class, and school level. In conclusion, breakfast habits were found to be very similar in both countries’, but the knowledge was higher among the Portuguese than the Brazilian participants. Breakfast is linked to a healthy lifestyle, and individuals’ behaviours and beliefs must be taken into account to promote health and well-being, thus diminishing the burden of noncommunicable diseases related to improper eating habits and dietary patterns.
{"title":"Breakfast habits and knowledge: Study involving participants from Brazil and Portugal","authors":"R. Guiné, Carolina Gonçalves, S. Carpes, V. L. Vieira, Sofia G. Florença, João C. Gonçalves, O. Anjos","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0150","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Breakfast has been considered one of the most important meals of the day. While breakfast habits and their consequences on children’s health and performance are well documented, studies on the adult population are still lacking. The aim of this study is to observe the breakfast consumption habits of Portuguese and Brazilian adults to understand the importance attributed to this meal, which leads people to have breakfast or to skip it, and also what types of food are consumed. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was carried out in both countries, and the data were collected through the internet. A convenience sample consisting of 694 participants (380 from Brazil and 314 from Portugal) were used in this study, all were adults who gave informed consent to participate in the research. The results showed that the majority of participants consumed breakfast every day (74.4% in Brazil and 78.3% in Portugal), and they did it at home (94.4 and 94.3% for Brazilians and Portuguese, respectively). The results also showed that the reasons for consuming breakfast and skipping it are very similar in both countries. People say they do not have breakfast because they do not want to eat in the morning or they do not have time. The reasons to always have breakfast include providing energy, satiety from night fasting, preventing hunger until lunch, because they like it, or simply because it is a habit. The level of knowledge was slightly higher among Portuguese than Brazilian participants and was found to vary according to the habits of having breakfast or skipping it and also according to country, sex, BMI class, and school level. In conclusion, breakfast habits were found to be very similar in both countries’, but the knowledge was higher among the Portuguese than the Brazilian participants. Breakfast is linked to a healthy lifestyle, and individuals’ behaviours and beliefs must be taken into account to promote health and well-being, thus diminishing the burden of noncommunicable diseases related to improper eating habits and dietary patterns.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43781612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sumaryanto, S. Susilowati, S. Saptana, B. Sayaka, E. Suryani, A. Agustian, A. Ashari, H. J. Purba, S. Sumedi, S. K. Dermoredjo, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, R. D. Yofa, S. Pasaribu
Abstract The main sources of rice production growth are increases in the yield and area harvested. Yield improvement is carried out through intensification, mainly using more inputs and better irrigation, while increasing the harvested area is associated with increasing the cropping intensity. Unfortunately, even in favorable irrigated areas, outcomes of the coupled approach are not always synergistic. This study aims to assess technical efficiency (TE), its changes in direction, and the factors responsible for inefficiency during the last 10 years. The data analyzed were those of rice farming through a panel survey of farmer households in several villages with favorable irrigation. The survey was conducted in 2010, 2016, and 2021. The results showed that the use of higher seed quality and inorganic fertilizers positively affected the yield. The TE level was relatively high but tended to degrade in these 3 years. The farmers’ TE in Java Island was higher than that outside Java. The older the farmer, the more inefficient the farmer was. The number of family members working in rice farming negatively affected efficiency. TE increased as the agricultural contribution to household income increased. On the other hand, the farmers’ educational background did not significantly affect TE. Based on these findings, it is recommended to encourage farmers to adopt higher quality seeds of improved rice varieties. It is also urgent to encourage young farmers to pursue rice farming as their main profession. In the middle and long term, breeding improved rice varieties adapted to climate stress will become a pressing need.
{"title":"Technical efficiency changes of rice farming in the favorable irrigated areas of Indonesia","authors":"S. Sumaryanto, S. Susilowati, S. Saptana, B. Sayaka, E. Suryani, A. Agustian, A. Ashari, H. J. Purba, S. Sumedi, S. K. Dermoredjo, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, R. D. Yofa, S. Pasaribu","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main sources of rice production growth are increases in the yield and area harvested. Yield improvement is carried out through intensification, mainly using more inputs and better irrigation, while increasing the harvested area is associated with increasing the cropping intensity. Unfortunately, even in favorable irrigated areas, outcomes of the coupled approach are not always synergistic. This study aims to assess technical efficiency (TE), its changes in direction, and the factors responsible for inefficiency during the last 10 years. The data analyzed were those of rice farming through a panel survey of farmer households in several villages with favorable irrigation. The survey was conducted in 2010, 2016, and 2021. The results showed that the use of higher seed quality and inorganic fertilizers positively affected the yield. The TE level was relatively high but tended to degrade in these 3 years. The farmers’ TE in Java Island was higher than that outside Java. The older the farmer, the more inefficient the farmer was. The number of family members working in rice farming negatively affected efficiency. TE increased as the agricultural contribution to household income increased. On the other hand, the farmers’ educational background did not significantly affect TE. Based on these findings, it is recommended to encourage farmers to adopt higher quality seeds of improved rice varieties. It is also urgent to encourage young farmers to pursue rice farming as their main profession. In the middle and long term, breeding improved rice varieties adapted to climate stress will become a pressing need.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41679869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wawan K. Tolinggi, D. Salman, Rahmadanih, H. Iswoyo
Abstract Farmer regeneration in agribusiness sustainability originates from the innovation of knowledge co-creation among farmer generations and interaction between stakeholders within and outside local contexts. The present work aims at exploring knowledge co-creation in the context of different orientations between young and old farmers. It also seeks to characterize the orientation of the two farmer groups from the aspect of agriculture, processing, and marketing of coconut through knowledge co-creation interaction to further their agricultural activities. All data in this grounded theory research came from in-depth interviews; the data were further examined using an open, axial, and selective coding method. The transcription of the field note was analyzed using an ATLAS.ti version 9, a program for analyzing qualitative data. The sample of the study was 13 of young farmers (25 to 45 years old) and 17 of old farmers (45 to 65 years old). The results revealed that the old farmers focused on revitalizing coconut trees for long-term purposes. The knowledge co-creation process among this farmer group (with other stakeholders) put an emphasis on copra and cooking oil production. Young farmers, however, focused on coconut tree integration with annual plants for short-term purposes, especially on the virgin coconut oil and innovative products from foreign technology adaptation. In conclusion, coconut business sustainability is the byproduct of knowledge co-creation and engagement between old and young farmers. This condition results in the survivability of coconut farmers. The novelty of this study lies in the classification of the orientation of the two coconut farmer groups in terms of agricultural, processing, and marketing aspects, which results in knowledge co-creation and its relation to the sustainability of coconut agriculture.
{"title":"Farmer regeneration and knowledge co-creation in the sustainability of coconut agribusiness in Gorontalo, Indonesia","authors":"Wawan K. Tolinggi, D. Salman, Rahmadanih, H. Iswoyo","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Farmer regeneration in agribusiness sustainability originates from the innovation of knowledge co-creation among farmer generations and interaction between stakeholders within and outside local contexts. The present work aims at exploring knowledge co-creation in the context of different orientations between young and old farmers. It also seeks to characterize the orientation of the two farmer groups from the aspect of agriculture, processing, and marketing of coconut through knowledge co-creation interaction to further their agricultural activities. All data in this grounded theory research came from in-depth interviews; the data were further examined using an open, axial, and selective coding method. The transcription of the field note was analyzed using an ATLAS.ti version 9, a program for analyzing qualitative data. The sample of the study was 13 of young farmers (25 to 45 years old) and 17 of old farmers (45 to 65 years old). The results revealed that the old farmers focused on revitalizing coconut trees for long-term purposes. The knowledge co-creation process among this farmer group (with other stakeholders) put an emphasis on copra and cooking oil production. Young farmers, however, focused on coconut tree integration with annual plants for short-term purposes, especially on the virgin coconut oil and innovative products from foreign technology adaptation. In conclusion, coconut business sustainability is the byproduct of knowledge co-creation and engagement between old and young farmers. This condition results in the survivability of coconut farmers. The novelty of this study lies in the classification of the orientation of the two coconut farmer groups in terms of agricultural, processing, and marketing aspects, which results in knowledge co-creation and its relation to the sustainability of coconut agriculture.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rinaldi, N. Arya, I. K. Mahaputra, D. Elisabeth, N. M. D. Resiani, I. Arsana, T. Silitonga
Abstract Most soybean farming in Indonesia is still performed conventionally. Farmers are less interested in cultivating soybeans because the production yields are relatively small. This research aims to determine the factors influencing production, production inefficiency of soybean, and the technical efficiency (TE) and economic efficiency (EE) level of soybean farming. Primary data were collected using a survey method of soybean farmers in paddy field areas in the Tabanan Regency of Bali Province, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using the stochastic frontier approach using the Frontier 4.1 analysis tool. Factors that positively affected the increasing soybean production were land area, urea and NPK fertilizers, and soybean seeds. The factor positively affecting soybean production inefficiency was a farming experience. The average TE value was 0.77, implying that soybean farming in the study area was efficient. However, the EE value below 0.70 implied that soybean farming was inefficient. Based on soybean farmers’ farming experience, TE and EE values were getting lower. The low value of EE was suspected of causing farmers’ low interest in cultivating soybean.
{"title":"Production factors, technical, and economic efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) farming in Indonesia","authors":"J. Rinaldi, N. Arya, I. K. Mahaputra, D. Elisabeth, N. M. D. Resiani, I. Arsana, T. Silitonga","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most soybean farming in Indonesia is still performed conventionally. Farmers are less interested in cultivating soybeans because the production yields are relatively small. This research aims to determine the factors influencing production, production inefficiency of soybean, and the technical efficiency (TE) and economic efficiency (EE) level of soybean farming. Primary data were collected using a survey method of soybean farmers in paddy field areas in the Tabanan Regency of Bali Province, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using the stochastic frontier approach using the Frontier 4.1 analysis tool. Factors that positively affected the increasing soybean production were land area, urea and NPK fertilizers, and soybean seeds. The factor positively affecting soybean production inefficiency was a farming experience. The average TE value was 0.77, implying that soybean farming in the study area was efficient. However, the EE value below 0.70 implied that soybean farming was inefficient. Based on soybean farmers’ farming experience, TE and EE values were getting lower. The low value of EE was suspected of causing farmers’ low interest in cultivating soybean.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Remote sensing (RS) can efficiently support the quantification of crop water requirements and water productivity (WP) for evaluating the performance of agricultural production systems and provides relevant feedback for management. This research aimed to estimate winter wheat water consumption and WP in the central clay plain of Sudan by integrating remotely sensed images, climate data, and biophysical modelling. The wheat crop was cultivated under a centre-pivot irrigation system during the winter season of 2014/2015. The Landsat-8 satellite data were used to retrieve the required spectral data. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was supported with RS and climate data for estimating the Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) and the WP for the wheat crop. The SEBAL outputs were validated using the FAO Penman–Monteith method coupled with field measurements and observation. The results showed that the seasonal ETa ranged from 400 to 600 mm. However, the WP was between 1.2 and 1.5 kg/m 3 during the wheat cycle. The spatial ETa and WP maps produced by the SEBAL model and Landsat-8 images can improve water use efficiency at field scale environment and estimate the water balance over large agricultural areas.
{"title":"Estimation of water consumption and productivity for wheat using remote sensing and SEBAL model: A case study from central clay plain Ecosystem in Sudan","authors":"Khalid G. Biro Turk, Mohammed A. Alsanad","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0230","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Remote sensing (RS) can efficiently support the quantification of crop water requirements and water productivity (WP) for evaluating the performance of agricultural production systems and provides relevant feedback for management. This research aimed to estimate winter wheat water consumption and WP in the central clay plain of Sudan by integrating remotely sensed images, climate data, and biophysical modelling. The wheat crop was cultivated under a centre-pivot irrigation system during the winter season of 2014/2015. The Landsat-8 satellite data were used to retrieve the required spectral data. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was supported with RS and climate data for estimating the Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) and the WP for the wheat crop. The SEBAL outputs were validated using the FAO Penman–Monteith method coupled with field measurements and observation. The results showed that the seasonal ETa ranged from 400 to 600 mm. However, the WP was between 1.2 and 1.5 kg/m 3 during the wheat cycle. The spatial ETa and WP maps produced by the SEBAL model and Landsat-8 images can improve water use efficiency at field scale environment and estimate the water balance over large agricultural areas.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135319825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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