Abstract To cope with the problem of the reduction in agricultural productivity, the massive usage of chemical fertilizers for boosting agricultural productivity is popular across the world. In return, it thereby declines soil quality and biodiversity. We therefore determined the potential of co-inoculation of the indole-3-acetic-acid- and ammonia-producing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain NK2/7 and Bacillus sp. strain NK1/19, immobilized in agar to promote mustard greens growth and investigated the effects of co-inoculation of both strains on plant and soil elements as well as soil bacterial community structure, in comparison with a chemical fertilizer and single-strain inoculations. The knowledge on the relationships of both species with plant and soil microbiota in field conditions is limited. The results show that the co-inoculation of both strains immobilized in agar increased plant dry weight up to 62.02% and plant elements, including N (38.46%), P (28.37%), K (203.16%), Ca (10.89%), Mg (25.8%), and Na (70.3%). The co-inoculation also conferred the highest organic matter (OM) (by 429.45%) and increased soil elements including Fe (92.74%), Mn (126.88%), Cu (12.05%), and Zn (107.46%). Illumina next-generation sequencing demonstrated that the establishment of both strains affected the soil bacterial community by reducing bacterial diversity and richness. Bacterial classes Bacteroidia, alpha-Proteobacteria, Vicinamibacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobiae, Polyangia, Nitrososphaeria, and Blastocatellia were significantly decreased, whereas the amounts of gamma-Proteobacteria and Bacilli were significantly increased. Soil parameters, including pH, OM, total Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, were the major factors influencing the soil bacterial community structure.
{"title":"Effects of co-inoculation of indole-3-acetic acid- and ammonia-producing bacteria on plant growth and nutrition, soil elements, and the relationships of soil microbiomes with soil physicochemical parameters","authors":"N. Pongsilp, P. Nimnoi","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0248","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To cope with the problem of the reduction in agricultural productivity, the massive usage of chemical fertilizers for boosting agricultural productivity is popular across the world. In return, it thereby declines soil quality and biodiversity. We therefore determined the potential of co-inoculation of the indole-3-acetic-acid- and ammonia-producing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain NK2/7 and Bacillus sp. strain NK1/19, immobilized in agar to promote mustard greens growth and investigated the effects of co-inoculation of both strains on plant and soil elements as well as soil bacterial community structure, in comparison with a chemical fertilizer and single-strain inoculations. The knowledge on the relationships of both species with plant and soil microbiota in field conditions is limited. The results show that the co-inoculation of both strains immobilized in agar increased plant dry weight up to 62.02% and plant elements, including N (38.46%), P (28.37%), K (203.16%), Ca (10.89%), Mg (25.8%), and Na (70.3%). The co-inoculation also conferred the highest organic matter (OM) (by 429.45%) and increased soil elements including Fe (92.74%), Mn (126.88%), Cu (12.05%), and Zn (107.46%). Illumina next-generation sequencing demonstrated that the establishment of both strains affected the soil bacterial community by reducing bacterial diversity and richness. Bacterial classes Bacteroidia, alpha-Proteobacteria, Vicinamibacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobiae, Polyangia, Nitrososphaeria, and Blastocatellia were significantly decreased, whereas the amounts of gamma-Proteobacteria and Bacilli were significantly increased. Soil parameters, including pH, OM, total Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, were the major factors influencing the soil bacterial community structure.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"102 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Xuan, Nguyen Phuong Truc Huyen, Lê Thị Mỹ Thu, Vo Thi Bich Thuy, Le Minh Tuan, L. T. Quang, Nguyen Thi Xuan Dao, L. Thuc, N. Khuong
Abstract The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of supplying a mixture of four phosphorus (P)-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria strains, Rhodopseudomonas palustris VNW64, VNS89, TLS06, and VNW02 (P-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria (PS-PNSB)) on soil properties, P uptake, growth, and yield of canary melon (Cucumis melo L.). The experiment consisted of eight treatments, including 100% P (150 kg P2O5 ha−1) as recommended, 75% P, 50% P (75 kg P2O5 ha−1), and no fertilizers, and these treatments with adding PS-PNSB mixture. The results showed that supplying the PS-PNSB mixture had improved the soil pH and the available P content. Moreover, fertilizing 100% P with the mixture of the four PS-PNSB strains resulted in the greatest P uptake (7.88 kg P ha−1). However, interestingly, when supplying 75% P with the PS-PNSB mixture, the P uptake was 6.11 kg P ha−1 and was statistically equal to the 100% P treatment (5.87 kg P ha−1). This could be found in other parameters. Therefore, supplying the PS-PNSB mixture can be claimed to reduce 25% P, but still maintain plant height, fruit length, fruit perimeter, and yield of canary. In addition, supplying the PS-PNSB mixture contributed to a 5.26–9.42% increase in the canary melon yield among P fertilizer rates. Based on the aforementioned results, the PS-PNSB mixture in the current study should be further commercialized and transferred for farmers’ use to enhance the yield of canary melons and reduce the rate of chemical fertilizers for the ultimate goal of sustainable agriculture. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Supplementation of P-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris improved soil fertility, P nutrient, growth, and yield of Cucumis melo L.","authors":"L. Xuan, Nguyen Phuong Truc Huyen, Lê Thị Mỹ Thu, Vo Thi Bich Thuy, Le Minh Tuan, L. T. Quang, Nguyen Thi Xuan Dao, L. Thuc, N. Khuong","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0247","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of supplying a mixture of four phosphorus (P)-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria strains, Rhodopseudomonas palustris VNW64, VNS89, TLS06, and VNW02 (P-solubilizing purple nonsulfur bacteria (PS-PNSB)) on soil properties, P uptake, growth, and yield of canary melon (Cucumis melo L.). The experiment consisted of eight treatments, including 100% P (150 kg P2O5 ha−1) as recommended, 75% P, 50% P (75 kg P2O5 ha−1), and no fertilizers, and these treatments with adding PS-PNSB mixture. The results showed that supplying the PS-PNSB mixture had improved the soil pH and the available P content. Moreover, fertilizing 100% P with the mixture of the four PS-PNSB strains resulted in the greatest P uptake (7.88 kg P ha−1). However, interestingly, when supplying 75% P with the PS-PNSB mixture, the P uptake was 6.11 kg P ha−1 and was statistically equal to the 100% P treatment (5.87 kg P ha−1). This could be found in other parameters. Therefore, supplying the PS-PNSB mixture can be claimed to reduce 25% P, but still maintain plant height, fruit length, fruit perimeter, and yield of canary. In addition, supplying the PS-PNSB mixture contributed to a 5.26–9.42% increase in the canary melon yield among P fertilizer rates. Based on the aforementioned results, the PS-PNSB mixture in the current study should be further commercialized and transferred for farmers’ use to enhance the yield of canary melons and reduce the rate of chemical fertilizers for the ultimate goal of sustainable agriculture. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"85 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiyi Sulaeman, Vivi Aryati, Agus Suprihatin, Putri Tria Santari, Yati Haryati, Susilawati Susilawati, Deddy Romulo Siagian, Vicca Karolinoerita, Hermawati Cahyaningrum, Joko Pramono, H. S. Wulanningtyas, Lilia Fauziah, Budi Raharjo, Syafruddin Syafruddin, Destika Cahyana, Waluyo Waluyo, Bambang Susanto, Resmayeti Purba, D. O. Dewi, Y. Yahumri, Miswarti Miswarti, A. Afrizon, J. Sondakh, Mirawanty Amin, O. Tandi, Eni Maftuáh, A. F. C. Irawati, Nurhayati Nurhayati, A. Suriadi, Tony Basuki, Muhamad Hidayanto, Tarbiyatul Munawwarah, Y. Fiana, B. A. Bakar, A. Azis, Muhammad Yasin
Abstract The rice yield gap (YG) is a global concern, requiring more detailed studies spatially and temporally. As a staple food in Indonesia, rice was produced from 7.4 Mha paddy fields in 2019. Better insight into the YG helps assess measures to boost rice production. However, the information on YG variation among regions scale is limited. This study aimed to identify the rice YG based on 295 historical trial datasets from 23 provinces in Indonesia. We surveyed published trial results from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed YGs, expressed as the percentage of farmer yield (FY). The potential yield (PY) was estimated from field trial results using introduced rice cultivation technology package, whereas FY from results using existing farmer practices. Our study showed that the average YG was 62% in rainfed, 54% in tidal, and 32% in irrigated paddy fields. The YG was significantly high in the paddy fields of Kalimantan (74%) and Maluku-Papua (49%), while the lowest was in Sulawesi (27%) and Java (31%). The YG varied significantly with geo-regions, rice varieties, and cultivation technology packages. Closing the YG and ensuring sustainable rice production requires the implementation of sustainable intensification through applying site-specific technology packages, reallocation of agricultural interventions to a higher YG region, and rice variety improvement to increase PY.
{"title":"Yield gap variation in rice cultivation in Indonesia","authors":"Yiyi Sulaeman, Vivi Aryati, Agus Suprihatin, Putri Tria Santari, Yati Haryati, Susilawati Susilawati, Deddy Romulo Siagian, Vicca Karolinoerita, Hermawati Cahyaningrum, Joko Pramono, H. S. Wulanningtyas, Lilia Fauziah, Budi Raharjo, Syafruddin Syafruddin, Destika Cahyana, Waluyo Waluyo, Bambang Susanto, Resmayeti Purba, D. O. Dewi, Y. Yahumri, Miswarti Miswarti, A. Afrizon, J. Sondakh, Mirawanty Amin, O. Tandi, Eni Maftuáh, A. F. C. Irawati, Nurhayati Nurhayati, A. Suriadi, Tony Basuki, Muhamad Hidayanto, Tarbiyatul Munawwarah, Y. Fiana, B. A. Bakar, A. Azis, Muhammad Yasin","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rice yield gap (YG) is a global concern, requiring more detailed studies spatially and temporally. As a staple food in Indonesia, rice was produced from 7.4 Mha paddy fields in 2019. Better insight into the YG helps assess measures to boost rice production. However, the information on YG variation among regions scale is limited. This study aimed to identify the rice YG based on 295 historical trial datasets from 23 provinces in Indonesia. We surveyed published trial results from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed YGs, expressed as the percentage of farmer yield (FY). The potential yield (PY) was estimated from field trial results using introduced rice cultivation technology package, whereas FY from results using existing farmer practices. Our study showed that the average YG was 62% in rainfed, 54% in tidal, and 32% in irrigated paddy fields. The YG was significantly high in the paddy fields of Kalimantan (74%) and Maluku-Papua (49%), while the lowest was in Sulawesi (27%) and Java (31%). The YG varied significantly with geo-regions, rice varieties, and cultivation technology packages. Closing the YG and ensuring sustainable rice production requires the implementation of sustainable intensification through applying site-specific technology packages, reallocation of agricultural interventions to a higher YG region, and rice variety improvement to increase PY.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nogaga Nolinda, O. Ikusika, O. Akinmoladun, C. T. Mpendulo
Abstract Efforts to mitigate production losses in small stock due to nematode infestation have birthed the emergence of several control methods as alternatives to chemical-based anthelmintics or to complement them. This results from the recent development of multiple resistance by many parasitic nematodes to anthelmintic drugs. Many of these complementary alternatives, such as breeding resistance, grazing land management, use of predators, and vaccines, have shown the potential to alleviate this menace. Still, some are expensive or require a lot of technicalities. Controlling nematode infestation using natural feed additives has demonstrated effectiveness on the disease under natural conditions. Natural feed additives are environmentally friendly and often do not have health implications for animals and humans. They are readily available, especially to poor-resource farmers; some could be relatively cheap. Therefore, this article reviews the use of naturally available alternative anthelmintics such as plant extracts, clay, microbes, herbs, spices, and organic acids in mitigating the impacts of nematode infestations in small ruminant production.
{"title":"Impact of nematode infestation in livestock production and the role of natural feed additives – A review","authors":"Nogaga Nolinda, O. Ikusika, O. Akinmoladun, C. T. Mpendulo","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0234","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Efforts to mitigate production losses in small stock due to nematode infestation have birthed the emergence of several control methods as alternatives to chemical-based anthelmintics or to complement them. This results from the recent development of multiple resistance by many parasitic nematodes to anthelmintic drugs. Many of these complementary alternatives, such as breeding resistance, grazing land management, use of predators, and vaccines, have shown the potential to alleviate this menace. Still, some are expensive or require a lot of technicalities. Controlling nematode infestation using natural feed additives has demonstrated effectiveness on the disease under natural conditions. Natural feed additives are environmentally friendly and often do not have health implications for animals and humans. They are readily available, especially to poor-resource farmers; some could be relatively cheap. Therefore, this article reviews the use of naturally available alternative anthelmintics such as plant extracts, clay, microbes, herbs, spices, and organic acids in mitigating the impacts of nematode infestations in small ruminant production.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imelda Imelda, J. Mulyo, A. Suryantini, M. Masyhuri
Abstract Over the past decade, smallholder rubber farming experienced significant issues related to risks of rainy season, rubber diseases, and price decreases. The risk exposure will reduce agricultural productivity, income, and sustainability. Farmers are expected to mitigate various risks by adopting the appropriate risk strategy. Efforts to support the risk strategy adoption are constrained by the lack of scientific research in rubber farming, especially for simultaneous risk strategy adoption. This study aims to identify the risk strategy adoption in rubber farming and analyse the determinant factors by considering farmers’ socioeconomic, rubber farm characteristics, and risk perception. The data were collected from 200 rubber farmers in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and analysed using a multinomial logit model. The study results show that the most selected strategy was income diversification. The multinomial logit model indicates that farmers’ age, family members, rubber age, rubber clones, and rainy season risk perception positively affect the adoption of risk strategy. In contrast, experience, farm area, and farm distance have a negative effect. The results also indicate that family members, farm area, and farm distance variables significantly affect all choices of risk strategy adoption. The results of this study suggest several implications for government and policymakers in providing assistance and counselling, capital assistance, input access, and improving transportation, road access, and communication.
{"title":"Assessing the determinant factors of risk strategy adoption to mitigate various risks: An experience from smallholder rubber farmers in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia","authors":"Imelda Imelda, J. Mulyo, A. Suryantini, M. Masyhuri","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past decade, smallholder rubber farming experienced significant issues related to risks of rainy season, rubber diseases, and price decreases. The risk exposure will reduce agricultural productivity, income, and sustainability. Farmers are expected to mitigate various risks by adopting the appropriate risk strategy. Efforts to support the risk strategy adoption are constrained by the lack of scientific research in rubber farming, especially for simultaneous risk strategy adoption. This study aims to identify the risk strategy adoption in rubber farming and analyse the determinant factors by considering farmers’ socioeconomic, rubber farm characteristics, and risk perception. The data were collected from 200 rubber farmers in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and analysed using a multinomial logit model. The study results show that the most selected strategy was income diversification. The multinomial logit model indicates that farmers’ age, family members, rubber age, rubber clones, and rainy season risk perception positively affect the adoption of risk strategy. In contrast, experience, farm area, and farm distance have a negative effect. The results also indicate that family members, farm area, and farm distance variables significantly affect all choices of risk strategy adoption. The results of this study suggest several implications for government and policymakers in providing assistance and counselling, capital assistance, input access, and improving transportation, road access, and communication.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48910952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Soares, R. Guilherme, Antónia Conceição, C. Galhano
Abstract Although chickens can improve the chemical properties of soil through the deposition of excreta, their effects on soil macrofauna are poorly known. This work assessed the effects of grazing indigenous laying hens on soil macrofauna of two agroecosystems in Portugal: an organic horticultural field and a conventional orchard. At the horticultural field, laying hens were used to control weeds and the results were compared with those of two other weed control treatments: mechanical (rototiller) and thermal (flame weeding). At the orchard, the effects of hens were compared to that of the orchard understory vegetation, as a control. Soil epigeic macrofauna was collected in both locations, and earthworms were only collected in the horticultural field. Relative to the other treatments, grazing in the horticultural field increased the density of earthworms in the medium term (ranging from 150 to 625 earthworms/m2), without harming the density and diversity of epigeic macrofauna. However, at the orchard, the grazed soils presented lower soil epigeic macrofauna diversity, as well as significantly lower density of spiders than the control (4.67 vs 8.67 individuals/sample, respectively). These results suggest that the grazing effects can be affected by several factors, including the type of agroecosystem and farm management. Further research is required to optimize grazing management in different farming systems, considering animal density and grazing duration, thus ensuring the best contributions of chickens to soil fertility.
{"title":"Soil macrofauna under laying hens’ grazed fields in two different agroecosystems in Portugal","authors":"P. Soares, R. Guilherme, Antónia Conceição, C. Galhano","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although chickens can improve the chemical properties of soil through the deposition of excreta, their effects on soil macrofauna are poorly known. This work assessed the effects of grazing indigenous laying hens on soil macrofauna of two agroecosystems in Portugal: an organic horticultural field and a conventional orchard. At the horticultural field, laying hens were used to control weeds and the results were compared with those of two other weed control treatments: mechanical (rototiller) and thermal (flame weeding). At the orchard, the effects of hens were compared to that of the orchard understory vegetation, as a control. Soil epigeic macrofauna was collected in both locations, and earthworms were only collected in the horticultural field. Relative to the other treatments, grazing in the horticultural field increased the density of earthworms in the medium term (ranging from 150 to 625 earthworms/m2), without harming the density and diversity of epigeic macrofauna. However, at the orchard, the grazed soils presented lower soil epigeic macrofauna diversity, as well as significantly lower density of spiders than the control (4.67 vs 8.67 individuals/sample, respectively). These results suggest that the grazing effects can be affected by several factors, including the type of agroecosystem and farm management. Further research is required to optimize grazing management in different farming systems, considering animal density and grazing duration, thus ensuring the best contributions of chickens to soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Amin, Yoga Pramujisunu, M. Lamid, Y. Cahyoko, O. Odeyemi, Muhamad Ali, A. Nurhayati
Abstract Introduction Probiotics have been commonly practiced in commercial shrimp farms to increase pond production. However, these possibilities were based on the results of in vitro studies or laboratory in vivo trials. While studies on probiotic applications in commercial-scale farms are still rarely investigated, this study addresses the fate of probiotic species in ponds and the intestinal tract of white shrimps reared in an intensive aquaculture system. Material and methods Four commercial probiotic species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas putida) were applied to the commercial shrimp ponds (@800 m2 area of high-density polyethene ponds) in the morning at a dose of 5 ppm once every 2 days in the first month, and once a week from second month onward. Then, the presence of the probiotic species was traced by collecting the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines on day 47 of culture to monitor their composition and abundance using high-throughput sequencing. Results None of the commercial probiotic species could be detected from both rearing water and shrimp intestinal tracts. These results suggest that the probiotic species had low viability and adaptability in the rearing pond as well as the shrimp intestines when applied on commercial-scale farms. These facts may explain the high variation in the yield among shrimp ponds in spite of having similar treatments. Conclusion Probiotic strains had low viability and adaptability in commercial farms. Thus, methods and strategies in probiotic application to commercial-scale shrimp farms should be evaluated and further developed to increase probiotic efficacy.
{"title":"The fate of probiotic species applied in intensive grow-out ponds in rearing water and intestinal tracts of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"M. Amin, Yoga Pramujisunu, M. Lamid, Y. Cahyoko, O. Odeyemi, Muhamad Ali, A. Nurhayati","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0152","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Probiotics have been commonly practiced in commercial shrimp farms to increase pond production. However, these possibilities were based on the results of in vitro studies or laboratory in vivo trials. While studies on probiotic applications in commercial-scale farms are still rarely investigated, this study addresses the fate of probiotic species in ponds and the intestinal tract of white shrimps reared in an intensive aquaculture system. Material and methods Four commercial probiotic species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas putida) were applied to the commercial shrimp ponds (@800 m2 area of high-density polyethene ponds) in the morning at a dose of 5 ppm once every 2 days in the first month, and once a week from second month onward. Then, the presence of the probiotic species was traced by collecting the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines on day 47 of culture to monitor their composition and abundance using high-throughput sequencing. Results None of the commercial probiotic species could be detected from both rearing water and shrimp intestinal tracts. These results suggest that the probiotic species had low viability and adaptability in the rearing pond as well as the shrimp intestines when applied on commercial-scale farms. These facts may explain the high variation in the yield among shrimp ponds in spite of having similar treatments. Conclusion Probiotic strains had low viability and adaptability in commercial farms. Thus, methods and strategies in probiotic application to commercial-scale shrimp farms should be evaluated and further developed to increase probiotic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41402441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Acceptability of a diet is one factor that determines an animal’s growth performance. Some feed additives in the category of dietary clay, including fossil shell flour (FSF), have been identified to enhance performance of livestock. Therefore, the influence of varying inclusion levels of FSF supplementation on feed acceptability, body condition scores, and growth performance of Dohne Merino sheep was evaluated. Twenty-four Dohne Merino rams were completely randomised and individually housed in pens for 90 days. Four different supplementation levels of FSF (0, 20, 40, and 60g/kg) were considered treatments for the rams. The average daily feed intake, body condition score, average daily weight gain (g), and coefficient of preference were significantly higher in rams supplemented with 60 g FSF/kg than the other treatments (P < 0.05). The experimental diet colour was brown for 0 g FSF/kg, while in 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg, it ranged from light brown to slightly deep brown. The texture of diets with 0 g FSF/kg was moderately firm, while diets with 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg had a firm texture. The order of preference of diets supplemented with FSF in feed intake by Dohne Merino rams was: 60 g FSF/kg > 40 g FSF/kg > 20 g FSF/kg > 0 g FSF/kg. Therefore, FSF at a minimum inclusion level of 40 g FSF/kg can improve feed intake, body condition score, and feeding behaviour of Dohne Merino rams by increasing the acceptability of the diet.
摘要饮食的可接受性是决定动物生长性能的一个因素。饲料粘土类中的一些饲料添加剂，包括化石贝壳粉（FSF），已被确定可以提高牲畜的性能。因此，评估了不同FSF添加水平对Dohne Merino绵羊饲料可接受性、身体状况评分和生长性能的影响。24只Dohne Merino公羊被完全随机分配，并单独圈养90天。四种不同的FSF补充水平（0、20、40和60g/kg）被认为是对公羊的处理。添加60的公羊的平均日采食量、身体状况评分、平均日增重（g）和偏好系数显著较高 g FSF/kg组与其他处理组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.05） g FSF/kg，而在20、40和60 g FSF/kg，范围从浅棕色到略深棕色。0的饮食结构 g FSF/kg是中等硬度的，而20、40和60的日粮 g FSF/kg具有牢固的质地。多恩美利奴公羊日粮中添加FSF的偏好顺序为：60 g FSF/kg>40 g FSF/kg>20 g FSF/kg>0 g FSF/kg。因此，FSF最低包含水平为40 g FSF/kg可以通过提高日粮的可接受性来改善多恩美利奴公羊的采食量、身体状况评分和喂养行为。
{"title":"Feed preference, body condition scoring, and growth performance of Dohne Merino ram fed varying levels of fossil shell flour","authors":"O. Ikusika, C. T. Mpendulo","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acceptability of a diet is one factor that determines an animal’s growth performance. Some feed additives in the category of dietary clay, including fossil shell flour (FSF), have been identified to enhance performance of livestock. Therefore, the influence of varying inclusion levels of FSF supplementation on feed acceptability, body condition scores, and growth performance of Dohne Merino sheep was evaluated. Twenty-four Dohne Merino rams were completely randomised and individually housed in pens for 90 days. Four different supplementation levels of FSF (0, 20, 40, and 60g/kg) were considered treatments for the rams. The average daily feed intake, body condition score, average daily weight gain (g), and coefficient of preference were significantly higher in rams supplemented with 60 g FSF/kg than the other treatments (P < 0.05). The experimental diet colour was brown for 0 g FSF/kg, while in 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg, it ranged from light brown to slightly deep brown. The texture of diets with 0 g FSF/kg was moderately firm, while diets with 20, 40, and 60 g FSF/kg had a firm texture. The order of preference of diets supplemented with FSF in feed intake by Dohne Merino rams was: 60 g FSF/kg > 40 g FSF/kg > 20 g FSF/kg > 0 g FSF/kg. Therefore, FSF at a minimum inclusion level of 40 g FSF/kg can improve feed intake, body condition score, and feeding behaviour of Dohne Merino rams by increasing the acceptability of the diet.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41481270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awik P. D. Nurhayati, Enny Zulaika, Muhamad Amin, Edwin Setiawan, Zaki Muhammad Wijaya
Abstract Introduction Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well known for their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture species. Thus, the present study aimed at isolating LAB members from the intestinal tract of wild-caught catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and screening them for antimicrobial production against one of the most common bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri . Material and methods LAB were isolated from the intestinal tract of wild catfish caught at the Brantas River, East-Java Indonesia. Then, LAB were screened for antimicrobial activity against E. ictaluri by in vitro assays and further assessed for probiotic candidates. Results A total of 29 LAB were successfully isolated and further screened for anti-edwarsiella activities. Of the 29, six isolates had strong anti-edwardsiella activity (diameter of inhibition zone, >10 mm). Based on their 16 s rRNA gene sequences, these LABs were identified as Lactococcus lactis , Enterococcus hirae , Weissella confusa , Weissella cibaria, and Enterococcus faecalis (two isolates). Further in vitro assays indicated that E. faecalis, L. lactis, W. confusa, and W. cibaria had good viability in the intestinal tract condition, having good adhesion capacity to intestinal mucus, and being harmless to catfish. However, two species ( E. faecalis and W. cibaria ) were resistant to novobiocin and enrofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion Three LAB species ( E. faecalis, L. lactis, and W. confusa ) are potential probiotic candidates in aquaculture to prevent enteric septicemia of catfish disease. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the use of probiotics in vivo .
{"title":"Isolation and screening of lactic acid bacteria producing <i>anti-Edwardsiella</i> from the gastrointestinal tract of wild catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>) for probiotic candidates","authors":"Awik P. D. Nurhayati, Enny Zulaika, Muhamad Amin, Edwin Setiawan, Zaki Muhammad Wijaya","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0212","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been well known for their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture species. Thus, the present study aimed at isolating LAB members from the intestinal tract of wild-caught catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and screening them for antimicrobial production against one of the most common bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri . Material and methods LAB were isolated from the intestinal tract of wild catfish caught at the Brantas River, East-Java Indonesia. Then, LAB were screened for antimicrobial activity against E. ictaluri by in vitro assays and further assessed for probiotic candidates. Results A total of 29 LAB were successfully isolated and further screened for anti-edwarsiella activities. Of the 29, six isolates had strong anti-edwardsiella activity (diameter of inhibition zone, >10 mm). Based on their 16 s rRNA gene sequences, these LABs were identified as Lactococcus lactis , Enterococcus hirae , Weissella confusa , Weissella cibaria, and Enterococcus faecalis (two isolates). Further in vitro assays indicated that E. faecalis, L. lactis, W. confusa, and W. cibaria had good viability in the intestinal tract condition, having good adhesion capacity to intestinal mucus, and being harmless to catfish. However, two species ( E. faecalis and W. cibaria ) were resistant to novobiocin and enrofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion Three LAB species ( E. faecalis, L. lactis, and W. confusa ) are potential probiotic candidates in aquaculture to prevent enteric septicemia of catfish disease. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the use of probiotics in vivo .","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the agronomic traits of nutmeg transplanting by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. The low-fertility soil of Sofifi North Maluku was subjected to a slow early growth stage of nutmeg cultivars. A completely randomized design was used in the experiment. The first factor was three different AMF doses: 0, 4, and 8 g seedlings −1 . The second factor consisted of three cultivars: “Ternate 1,” “Tobelo 1,” and “Makian.” Root colonization and agronomic traits were measured 28 weeks after inoculation and transplantation. Results showed that AMF inoculation increased the AM colonization by 2.5–39.0%, significantly increased the leaf area (LA) ( p < 0.01) in all cultivars, and interacted with cultivars to increase chlorophyll a ( Chl a ) ( p < 0.05), chlorophyll b ( Chl b ) ( p < 0.01), and total Chl ( p < 0.01). Cultivars “Makian” showed the highest Chl (188.4%) at 8 g seedling −1 doses of AMF that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the cultivar “Tobelo 1” at the same dose. The largest mycorrhizal response was found in the cultivar “Ternate 1” (biomass increase of 30–37.0%). The cultivar “Ternate 1” produced the largest LA (36.7–106.9%) and shoot dry weight (27.8–45.8%) that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the other cultivars. The percentage of AM colonization was strongly determined ( R 2 = 0.88) by Chl a , Chl b, and K content in leaves. This technology is a breakthrough to increase LA and plant biomass in the early growth stage of nutmeg cultivation.
{"title":"Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on early growth, root colonization, and chlorophyll content of North Maluku nutmeg cultivars","authors":"Wawan Sulistiono, Himawan Bayu Aji, Sigid Handoko, Jonathan Anugrah Lase, Suryanti Suryanti, Yayan Apriyana, Molide Rizal","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0215","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to investigate the agronomic traits of nutmeg transplanting by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. The low-fertility soil of Sofifi North Maluku was subjected to a slow early growth stage of nutmeg cultivars. A completely randomized design was used in the experiment. The first factor was three different AMF doses: 0, 4, and 8 g seedlings −1 . The second factor consisted of three cultivars: “Ternate 1,” “Tobelo 1,” and “Makian.” Root colonization and agronomic traits were measured 28 weeks after inoculation and transplantation. Results showed that AMF inoculation increased the AM colonization by 2.5–39.0%, significantly increased the leaf area (LA) ( p < 0.01) in all cultivars, and interacted with cultivars to increase chlorophyll a ( Chl a ) ( p < 0.05), chlorophyll b ( Chl b ) ( p < 0.01), and total Chl ( p < 0.01). Cultivars “Makian” showed the highest Chl (188.4%) at 8 g seedling −1 doses of AMF that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the cultivar “Tobelo 1” at the same dose. The largest mycorrhizal response was found in the cultivar “Ternate 1” (biomass increase of 30–37.0%). The cultivar “Ternate 1” produced the largest LA (36.7–106.9%) and shoot dry weight (27.8–45.8%) that were significantly ( p < 0.01) different from the other cultivars. The percentage of AM colonization was strongly determined ( R 2 = 0.88) by Chl a , Chl b, and K content in leaves. This technology is a breakthrough to increase LA and plant biomass in the early growth stage of nutmeg cultivation.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135103176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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